JPS637111B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention consists of one or sometimes multiple ventilated and evacuated, heatable, and vertically stepped septic chambers in which the material is in the form of loose roses. Residence time determined by the time required for feeding, penetration and spoilage - generally about 10
The present invention relates to a method for rotting and/or drying organic waste under aerobic conditions in a rotting bunker which is then removed, and to an apparatus for carrying out this method.

This method and apparatus are primarily used for fertilizer production. Spoilage involves microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes or actinomycetes, and aerobic decay takes place until all organic matter is mineralized.

Spoilage essentially depends on the oxygen content, water content, C/N-nutrient content, temperature and PH-value of the material to be converted. Rotting is practically odorless if there is sufficient ventilation, and is odorless at temperatures averaging 60° to 90°.

As the waste problem grows, so does the amount of the mixture of garbage and wastewater sludge that is turned into fertilizer.

Within the mixture of these components, 25:1 to 30:1
C:N ratios which are favorable for the decaying organic matter of some parts occur in even higher proportions.

From the experiments of EAWAG in Ruschlikon (“Neue Zuricher Zeitung”) Appendix Technik, June 1958.
(Refer to the separate issue published on the 18th day of the month) It has been confirmed that clarified sludge can be fed to garbage in equivalent amounts.

In response to the already mentioned fact that the task of disposing of garbage as environmentally unpolluting as possible is becoming increasingly important, methods suitable in themselves, such as the previously applied "Baden-Baden-method" There are other methods, which are open and have septic chambers that can be vented through aeration pipes, but these methods are no longer accepted as completely usable. It does not meet current general hygiene requirements.

Partial spoilage is achieved by using the Dano-microbial stabilizer fermentation drum as a fermentation chamber.

Relatively good mixing and loosening of the materials takes place in this drum with constant air flow. As a result of this treatment, a spoiled material is obtained which can be stored in a chamber that is subsequently open even for a short time (see printed matter above).

The likewise known "Digester Entwicklung" relates to a virtually closed, vertically cylindrical fermentation chamber with an integrated staircase. In this case, the ground material is fed into the upper staircase, mixed by a rotating shaft with a mounted arm and a plowshare, and sent through the staircase.

The power consumption for conveying the material through the individual steps of the fermentation chamber is relatively high, and the wear and failure rates are high. Therefore, wide-area marketing of fertilizers treated in this manner requires economic considerations.

Similarly, the known layered introduction of the material to be putrefied into ventilated circular silos requires complex removal devices, as is known, for example, from West German Utility Model No. 73 29 120.

In this type of device, the removal of the spoiled material through the container cross section is carried out by a milling tool or screw, which is subject to relatively high wear.
can be easily replaced.

This problem cannot be solved easily, and the result is such that the need for compromise must be acknowledged.

These circumstances ultimately lead to problems with the circular rotting silo principle, at least to some extent with regard to size and area.

Furthermore, from West German Published Patent Application No. 2809344,
It has become known to supply substances in a ventilated reaction chamber in multiple stages to an endless conveyor system arranged one above the other. In this case, the loose deposits of a given material can only be dried to a large extent and no effective microbiological reaction can take place, leading to complete decomposition. This is because the air flows through the deposited material layer with very little resistance, so that many material surfaces are not effectively and evenly contacted by the air.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to carry out not only the drying but also the transport of fully decomposed organic waste or mature manure with minimum mechanical costs, minimum wear and tear on mechanical parts, and in an optimal manner. The object of the present invention is to create a process of the type mentioned at the outset, which, with the use of oxygen and a configuration with sufficient flexibility in the process sequence, allows the transport and mixing of the materials to consume only a small amount of energy.

The above problems are solved by the present invention as follows. That is, the substance is intermittently fed in essentially equal proportions through the loading position into the loading area of the stage forming the tunnel-like reaction chamber, and after the partial loading of the substance has ended, this proportion of this substance is The wiping element is moved through the forming prechamber or the corresponding chamber part in the longitudinal direction of the chamber so that the material is completely wiped off in the loading area, and the wiping element is then moved out again. and, after loading at least a portion of the preceding material, guide a portion of the following material in the direction of this previously loaded material - in which case these materials are compressed while being compressed. Guided-, the ventable and heatable chamber is further passed stepwise through the reaction chamber in its compressed state for venting and/or
Alternatively, the solution is achieved by heating and by removing one or more chambers completely filled with the after-load material in each case in a volume corresponding to the removal from the removal area.

By intermittent feeding of the substance in loose piles, especially at a daily rate, it is possible to transfer the substance from the loading area of the chamber to the closed area via short feed strokes with relatively low power consumption. becomes.

The newly loaded substance must be guided in the direction of the previously loaded substance, simultaneously shaped, compressed and transported in accordance with the entrance cross-section of the chamber. However, this compression is intentional and essential to the invention. This is because only this compression makes possible an optimum uniform material density and thus a uniform air flow and flow resistance in relation to the cross section.

Moreover, the elasticity within the material column prevents overloading of the means for actuating the wiping member. In this case, if the chamber is completely filled, a constant maximum drive power per stroke is required. The magnitude of this drive output takes into account the water content of the substance, the given lubricating effect such as fat, the effect of reducing the friction between the substance and the chamber walls, and sometimes the walls of the chamber are lined with a substance that promotes sliding. , as well as ventilation and occasional heating. In this case, it is furthermore possible in this case that the stroke path imparted to the wiping element can be extended over a relatively long period of time, and that this stroke path can therefore be regulated with a relatively small power output. is possible.

If a number of chambers are arranged one after the other, a sufficient mixing, conditioned by gravity, additionally takes place during the transition from the upper chamber to the lower chamber. This mixing is necessary for uniform spoilage.

The usual volume losses during drying and spoilage of the material, usually about 30%, are taken into account by appropriate dimensioning of the reaction chamber, ie usually by appropriate lengthening of the reaction chamber.
A volumetric loading of raw materials is therefore also carried out with a volumetric discharge of completely spoiled material.

Regarding the exhaust and derivation of the generated reaction gas, the following points are recognized. That is, the generated reaction gas is intermittently sucked in a direction transverse to the flow direction of the substance, and the sucked reaction gas is analyzed depending on the case, and the results of this intermittent analysis are used for ventilation and temperature control. It is to be.

In this way, the method for aerobic treatment of loaded substances can be optimized, also in terms of quality requirements.
It is also possible to perform the work optimally from an economic point of view.

The equipment necessary to carry out this method allows the following: That is, the respective material proportions can be loaded into the chamber by means of a trough conveyor transversely to the sliding direction of this material proportion via slots provided in the region of the cover; The conveyor is configured in such a way that the conveyance takes place uniformly downwards and essentially over the entire width of the slit; a wiping shield acts as a wiping element for the loaded substance by forming the chamber in multiple stages; can be fed into the upper chamber by a stroke of The end wall provided in the opposite direction allows the substance to be transferred in each direction into the chamber located below, by means of another wiping shield, which acts as a wiping element and is provided on the inner side of the end wall. In the area of the chamber, also transversely to the sliding direction, the ventilation and heating of the proportion of the substance which is intermittently conveyed through the chamber can be supplied to the outlet provided at the bottom, also transversely to the sliding direction. - Corresponding to the course of the microbiological reaction - this can be carried out by means of aeration devices, which are distributed group by group, in proportion to the individual substance proportions, depending on the dimensions of the surface on which they are placed. . Such a device makes it possible to carry out a given process sequence according to its individual steps, the design allowing for intermittent ventilation and heating allowing a particularly economical process.

This means that this configuration not only makes it possible to individually aerate the individual daily treatment material proportions in accordance with the progress of the microbiological reaction, but also allows the individual daily treatment material proportions to differ significantly from the usual. It is possible to take into account the composition with particular control over ventilation and heating.

Regarding the multi-stage configuration of this device, the following may be observed. That is, in this configuration, the wiping member of each chamber is sequentially moved from top to bottom through an arbitrary number of upper and lower chambers, each time in the opposite direction to the wiping member of the chamber provided above. Effectively, it is possible to operate the wiping element following this wiping element in such a way that each wiping element is brought back into its starting position.

In order to eliminate the loading area due to these dependencies, the transfer area of the chamber located below it is actually considered as the spatial portion necessary for the transfer of the substance present at the end position of the upper chamber into this lower chamber. has been released.

The configuration of the reaction chamber is as follows. That is, the reaction chamber has an essentially square or rectangular cross-section and is oriented primarily horizontally.

In order to further reduce the friction in the chamber during the transfer of substances, in the case of a multi-tiered configuration it is possible to provide the chambers with an inclination - under the formation of an acute angle - in the transfer area.

In this connection, it is sometimes necessary to evaluate whether increased construction costs are appropriate for the feed due to reduced power consumption.

Control the process for easy monitoring
In particular, it is advantageous to provide openings in the side walls for controlling the ventilation, distributed over the entire length of the septic chamber.

For the material transport, it is advantageous for the forward sliding of the wiping shield, which acts as a wiping element, and its withdrawal to take place by means of a threaded spindle and/or a hydraulic cylinder, which is arranged in the end wall of the septic chamber bunker. be.

An apparatus for carrying out the method according to the present invention in which a reaction gas is intermittently sucked, analyzed, and the results evaluated has the following configuration. This means that the cross-section of the pre-chamber in which the shaping operation takes place is closed on all sides, that the actual reaction chamber is connected to this pre-chamber, and that this reaction chamber is also suitable for substances that are no longer reactive or reactive. The discharge area, which has a closed cross-section, is closed off by a gas-collecting hood which is located above the partition wall, which captures the material compact formed in the prechamber from above. The heating gas supply elements arranged in groups at the bottom of the reaction chamber are adjustable and are divided into individual reaction chamber sections until reaching the boundary line. in which case each reaction chamber section forms a separate suction section in its upper region, and each of these suction sections has a conduit with a connection for a device for separate gas analysis. It is connected via a gas collection chamber with a discharge conduit, in which case a connectable gas analyzer is provided before the conduit enters the gas collection chamber for evaluating the analysis results.

With this configuration, the substances loaded in practically equal amounts intermittently can be used when the reaction chamber is already partially filled, i.e. after adjustment to normal working conditions.
Each time the loading area is wiped out, it is compressed, and after the next supply of material and its shaping, the previously loaded material is guided from the preliminary chamber into the actual reaction chamber as a uniformly compressed compact or molded body, There, it is transferred step by step into the actual removal area by the action of the next substance.

This fact alone represents a significant advantage over the known technology. This is because different residence times are eliminated by uneven discharge. The material is guided uniformly through the cross-section of the reaction chamber without the formation of residues, corner sludge, etc.

Individual control of the actual reaction chamber by means of partition walls, division into heatable and ventable reaction chamber sections, separate suction of the reaction gas and its measurement and analysis allows for monitoring of the entire reaction course over the entire reaction length. It becomes possible to control it purposefully.

The device for carrying out the method according to the invention thereby guarantees the requirements for problem setting over a wide area.

In connection with control, the device for carrying out gas analysis as a regulatory device is a control device for controlling the temperature, throughput and/or composition of the heated gas supplied to the substance via the heated gas supply element. combined.

This configuration allows automatic control of the reaction course.

To facilitate the infiltration of the heated gas into the new material compaction during its transition into the reaction chamber, one or more wiping shields are provided at uniformly distributed intervals on the surface facing the material. formed by provided strips, and to which row of strips at least one other row of strips can be assigned at a distance from the preceding row; It is.

The spacing of the strip rows and the height of the strips are set such that the total height of the surface covered by the strips of the respective wiping shield is 1/3 of the height of the press shield. ing.

For automatic, i.e. gravity pre-dehydration, the bottom should be approximately 10 mm transverse to the sliding direction of the material.
It has a slope of %.

Higher heat utilization can be achieved by providing an additional heat exchanger to control the microbiological reaction. In this case, the heat exchanger guiding the heat carrier is preferably formed by a smooth metal hood with shaped sheets pointing outwards and completely or partially covering the cross section of the chamber. It is divided into

In a variant of process application, this process can be used for at least partial coking of organic waste.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The apparatus for drying, degassing and/or putrefying organic waste according to the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

The device 1 is configured for about 20 m ³ of daily waste and has an upper septic chamber 2 and a lower septic chamber 3. This device has a total capacity of 10 days worth of garbage storage. In this case, the garbage store is moved through the device by passing through both chambers intermittently by a daily, and even daily, supply amount (supply amount=rate).

From this, it can be seen that individual chambers 2 that overlap one another
The internal dimensions of and 3 are approximately 12 x 3 x 3 m, respectively. In this case, the total height of the device 1 is 4 at the bottom, 5 at the middle bottom
The length is about 7 m considering the lid 6. The side wall is shown as position 7, the loading end wall as position 8 and the delivery end wall as position 9.

Other structural features of the device 1 include a loading slot 10 in the lid 6, a transfer slot 11 in the intermediate bottom 5, and a discharge tank formed on the end side in the bottom 4 in the lower chamber 3. 12. Upper chamber 2
In the upper chamber 2 on the loading side and in the lower chamber 3 on the delivery side in the end walls 8 and 9 for the observation and repair slits 13 provided at the rear in the interior and for the sliding members described below. Cut-outs 14 and 15 are provided, and brackets for providing these cut-outs are provided in both end walls 8 and 9.

The septic device may be of steel construction, concrete construction or similar construction.

The overall structure of the device is as described above.

The material 18 to be putrefied is placed into the chamber 2 via the loading slit 10 by a trough conveyor 20 which carries out a downward conveying action on a daily basis. In the device area, a wiping shield 21 is provided which adjoins the inside of the end wall 18 in the loading position, the dimensions of which correspond to the chamber cross section. The wipe shield 21 is operated by a hydraulic cylinder 22 which is mounted on the bracket 16 and whose piston rod is captured by the cutout 14, the stroke of the wipe shield 21 corresponding to the width of the loading slot 10. .

Inside the end wall 9, there is a wiping/sliding body combination 21/
Similar to 22, a wipe shield 23 is formed which can be actuated by a hydraulic cylinder 24 which is also mounted on the bracket 17, the possible stroke of which corresponds to the width of the transfer slot.

When the wipe shield 23 is activated, a corresponding volume of material is conveyed away by a trough conveyor 25 provided in the discharge recess 12.

What can now be said about the functioning of this system is that the substance 18 is removed at a daily rate by the wiping shield 2.
1 is loaded through the loading slit 10 when it returns. After loading, the belt drive is locked and the loaded material is fed according to the stroke of the cylinder 22. The corresponding volume of material 18, which has already been stored for five days, is then transferred to the transfer slot 11.
The wiping shield 23 corresponds to the interior of the lower chamber 3 through
is loaded after it has completed its return movement.

When 5 days old material is loaded into the lower chamber 3, the material is mixed by gravity-based movement. After the delivery is completed, the wiping shield 23 is slid with a width corresponding to the delivery slit 11, and at the same time the wiping shield 23 is slid onto the trough conveyor 2 provided in the delivery recess 12.
5 starts exercising. This trough conveyor conveys a volume approximately equivalent to the delivery capacity of putrefactive material stored for 10 days to date.

In order to avoid the material falling back when the wiping shield 23 remains in the slid state in the transfer area, and also to avoid that the return of this shield toward the wall 9 is obstructed by this. folding flap 26 attached to the inside of the wall 9
is likewise articulated with the wiping shield 23.

This folding flap 26 reliably prevents the substance 8 from penetrating between the wall 9 and the wiping shield 23 when the wiping shield 23 is being moved. The wiping shield 23 can therefore always return to its starting position again.

The loose material produced during the transfer of the material into the lower chamber 3 is conveyed in the area of the slot 11 by tearing rolls 27 provided in the bottom 5. The slit 11 is delimited in the upper direction by an inclined surface 28 in the intermediate wall 5, and a tearing roll 27 - in this case this roll draws the material into the slit 11 in the counterclockwise direction. - can be driven. If difficult mixing problems occur, use the tear roll 2 as indicated by the dashed line.
Advantageously, a second tearing roll 29 is also provided above 7. However, this tearing roll must be configured so that it can be driven in the opposite direction, i.e. clockwise in this case, so that the material is carried away from the slope 19 and thrown towards the inside of the wall 9. No.

The stored material proportions are suitably grouped and ventilated via controllable and individually adjustable venting devices 30. The oxygen necessary for the initiation of microbiological reactions is thus supplied via this device.

In order to keep the necessary sliding forces within reasonable limits, it is advantageous to provide both chambers 2 and 3 with smooth hoods. In this case, this hood 31 is formed by a VA plate, the surface of which is covered on the outside by a ribbed counterplate 32, through which the heat carrier can be connected as usual. With individual plates connected in parallel - sliding.

Regarding the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 9,
When the pushing means consisting of the wiping shield 50 and the wiping shield drive section 51 is pulled back toward the partition wall 49, the tunnel reaction device 41 is moved to the substance loading section 48.
The substance is loaded through the

Once the reactor 42 has been filled with the substance 46, the substance present in the loading region 43 is guided towards the compressed substance 46 already placed in the antechamber 44, in which case it is simultaneously compressed. , the pre-compressed material and the partially dehydrated material are placed in the reaction chamber 4.
2 into the first reaction section 42.1. Regarding the configuration of the front chamber 44 and the loading area 43, the following may be observed. This means that the bottom part 53 is somewhat inclined laterally transversely to the direction of material feed, which makes it possible to easily pre-dehydrate the material, and that the front chamber 44 is located on the upper side. It is closed with a cover 54 delimiting the material shape, so that the material provided into the reaction chamber 42 from the front chamber 44 is somewhat pressurized over the essentially loosely bound material 47.

This bonded substance 47, that is, the compacted body 47,
Here, each time the substance 46 is newly introduced into the front chamber 44, the heating gas supply member 5 is intermittently subjected to a pushing action, and is provided intermittently at approximately the same intervals.
The reactor is reacted by the heated gas continuously introduced into the chamber 5, and is subjected to a degassing effect at this time.

At the end of the reaction chamber 42, the residual material consisting of fertilizer or coke and mostly mineral sludge enters a discharge area 45 from which - if necessary - the individual components, namely fertilizer, coke and sludge, are separated simultaneously. and is discharged through a device not shown. The discharge area 45 can be controlled by a flap 56 and is closed off by a covering 57 which is designed correspondingly to the covering 54 .

A gas collection hood 60 is provided between the covering parts 54 and 57 and the side walls 58 and 59, and the shape of this gas collection hood is according to the partition lines 54-57, 58-
59 is formed in an upward direction by a collection chamber which has an outlet 63 which runs transversely to the feed direction centrally within this gas collection hood 60 and has a generally rectangular cross-section.

A gas collection hood 60 is divided into reaction sections 42.1 to 42. by partition walls 62. n and a heating gas supply member 5 provided intermittently at the bottom of the reaction chamber 42.
Suction divisions 60.1 to 60.5 correspond to 60.1 to 60.5. n, each suction section having a separate tube conduit 61.1 to 61.n. It is connected to a gas collection chamber having an outlet portion 63 via n.

Individual pipe conduits 61.1-61. Gas analysis 64.1-64. n is provided. These gas analyzers 64.1-64. The measured values detected by n are control elements for the temperature and the throughput of the heating gas supply member 55 which act in these parts, respectively.

A portion of the gas discharged from the gas collection chamber 63 is fed back into the heated gas circulation, and a portion is concentrated.
In this case, the use of this gas for other purposes is not the purpose of the present application.

The wipe shield 50 shown in FIGS. 1-3 has a vertical strip 70 on its material-facing surface. The strips 70 are provided at evenly distributed intervals across the width of the wipe shield 50 and have a height of approximately 10% of the wipe shield. The strip row 71 formed in this way has a second
The rows of strips 72 are spaced apart from each other at such intervals that the total height of both rows of strips 71 and 72, including the intermediate gap, is approximately 1/3 of the width of the wiping shield.

These strips 70 form cutouts in the joining material 74 that facilitate the entry of heated gases.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 is a schematic representation of a two-stage septic device according to the line - in FIG. 2; FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the device according to FIG. 1 according to the line -; FIG. This covering closes the delivery opening during wiping of the delivery area by means of a lower wiping shield; FIG. A tearing roll is provided to loosen the material, and the tearing roll sends the material downward. Above one of the tearing rolls, a second tearing roll is shown in dashed lines with an opposite direction of rotation. In this case it is sometimes advantageous to use both roles in combination.
The figure is a schematic diagram of a heat exchanger designed as a slide, the cross section of which corresponds to the cross section of the chamber, with which it is possible to extract excess process heat. Figure 6 is a detailed view along the line - of Figure 5;
FIG. 7 shows a device different from those of FIGS. 1 to 6 with a one-stage suction section, in a cutaway view according to FIG. 8, the essentially horizontally running reaction chamber of this device;
a material loading section, a discharging section for the material and residual materials - coke and sludge, in which case separation of these substances takes place if necessary but is not relevant to the present application - to the center, each with a separate gas outlet. Covering of the reaction chamber by a rising, intermittently divided waste gas hood and heated gas likewise intermittently combined, projecting at the bottom corresponding to the individual sections of the gas collection chamber hood. The supply member, FIG. 8 is a view taken along the line in FIG. 7 of the device shown in FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along the line in FIG.
This is a view seen in the direction of the wiping shield, which in this case acts as a pushing means. The wiping shield has ribs oriented in the pushing direction in its lower region;
This rib facilitates the introduction of heated gas into the material. The symbols in the figure are 2...chamber, 3...chamber, 8...area, 9...end wall, 10...slit, 12...export section, 18...substance, 20...trough conveyor,
21...Dispel shield, 23...Dispel shield.

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. Consisting of one or sometimes multiple ventilated, evacuated, heatable, and vertically stepped septic chambers, the substance is supplied in loose bulk form; A method of rotting and/or drying organic waste under aerobic conditions in a rotting bunker which is conveyed and removed after a residence time determined by the amount of time for spoilage - generally about 10 days - intermittently and in essentially the same proportion through the loading position into the loading region of the strata forming the tunnel-like reaction chamber; The wiping element is pushed in while sliding over its resting surface so that the material is completely wiped by the wiping element through the forming prechamber and the corresponding chamber sections and the loading area in the direction towards the longitudinal area of the chamber; returning the wiping element to its starting position again; after loading at least the preceding material fraction, guiding the next material fraction in the direction of the previously applied material - such that both materials are compressed; , further venting and/or heating the compressed state while passing stepwise through the reaction zone of the ventable and heatable chamber; and after the chamber or chambers are completely filled, the loaded material The above-mentioned method is characterized in that each one of the proportions is removed from the removal area in a capacity corresponding to the removal proportion. 2. Intermittently sucking the generated reaction gas in a direction transverse to the flow direction of the substance, analyzing the sucked reaction gas, and using the results of this partial analysis for ventilation and temperature control. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3. A device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, in which the respective substance is transferred into the chamber 2 in the area 8 via a slit 10 provided in the lid by a trough conveyor 20. It is configured so that it can be loaded transversely to the pushing direction, in which case the trough conveyor is configured so that it can discharge the material downwardly and essentially uniformly over the entire width of the slit 10. If the device is constructed in multiple stages, the charged substance 18 acts as a wiping member, the wiping shield 2
1 in the upper chamber 2 and the substance can be transferred, if the upper chamber 2 is already filled, through a transfer slit which also runs transversely in the feed direction in the region of the end wall 9. The material is transferred to the chamber 3 located below the chamber 2 according to the proportion, and the material is transferred to the chamber 3 located below the chamber 2 by means of another wiping shield 23 provided inside the end wall 9 and serving as a wiping member. 18 is likewise configured to be fed into an output section 12 provided at the bottom transversely to the pushing direction in the region of the end wall 8 provided on the opposite side, and each intermittent The ventilation and heating of the substances sent through the chambers 2, 3 are distributed individually - in accordance with the microbiological reaction - in groups and in accordance with the dimensions of the surface on which the individual substances 18 are placed. A device characterized in that it is configured to be carried out by a ventilation device 30 provided as a ventilator. 4 If this device is formed in multiple stages, the wiping members 21 and 23 of each chamber 2 and 3 can clean an arbitrary number of chambers 2 and 3 provided above and below each other, and the wiping member that continues downward can wipe each chamber 2 and 3 each time. While being brought to the carrying out position, the wiping member is configured to be operable sequentially in the opposite direction from the upper to the lower wiping member each time with respect to the wiping member in the chamber provided above. Apparatus according to claim 3. 5. Claims characterized in that the chambers 2, 3 have an essentially square or rectangular flow cross section and are arranged in such a way that they are oriented essentially horizontally. The device according to item 3 or 4. 6 If the device is formed in multiple stages, chamber 2,
5. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the slits 3 are arranged opposite each other in the transfer area forming an acute angle. 7. From claim 3, characterized in that, distributed over the entire length of the septic chamber 1 or 41, the side walls are provided with different openings for controlling the process steps, in particular for controlling the ventilation. A device according to any one of paragraphs 6 to 6. 8 Wiping shield 21, 2 working as a wiping member
The pushing movement of 3 or 50 or its return movement causes the end walls 8, 9 or 4 of the rotting bunker 1 or 41 to
Any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that it is configured to take place with a threaded spindle and/or with a hydraulic cylinder 22, 24 or 51, which is provided at 9. The device described in one of the following. 9. The cross-section of the excipient prechamber 44 is closed on all sides, and the original reaction chamber 42 is connected to this prechamber 44, and the reaction chamber 42 is free of substances that no longer react or have no reactivity. The discharge area 45, which also has a closed cross-section, is closed by a gas-collecting hood 60, which is formed in the front chamber 44 in the direction from above into the interior. Reaction sections 42.1 to 42.1 up to the upper border of the partition wall which captures the pressed compact 47. The heating gas supply elements 55 arranged in groups on the bottom 53 of the reaction chamber 42 are adjustable according to these reaction sections 42.1 to 42.n; Each reaction section 42.1
~42. The suction portions 60.1 to 60.n are divided in the area above them. n, and these suction sections 60.1 to 60. devices 64.1 to 64.n for individual gas analysis;
conduits 61.1 to 61.n with connections for
a gas analysis device 6 which is connected via n to a gas collection chamber with an outlet conduit and which can be connected in this case.
4.1-64. Conduits 61.1 to 61.n are provided in the gas collection chamber 63 for evaluating the results. 4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the device is provided before entering n. 10 Devices 64.1 to 64. for gas analysis as control equipment. n is associated with a control device for controlling the temperature, throughput and/or composition of the heating gas supplied to the substance via the heating gas supply member 55. The device according to item 9. 11 that the wiping shield 50 is formed of strips which are provided as strip rows 71 at uniformly distributed intervals on its surface facing the material side, and that these strip rows 71 include at least one strip row 71; Claim 9, characterized in that the other strip rows 72 are configured to be able to belong to the preceding strip row at intervals, that is, with a gap from each other. Alternatively, the device according to item 10. 12 Spacing between strip rows 71 and 72 and strip 7
The height of 0 is the wiping shield 50, 21,
Claim 11 characterized in that the total height of the surface covered by the strips 70 of 23 is selected to be approximately 1/3 of the height of the compaction.
The equipment described in section. 13. characterized in that the bottom part 5 has an inclination of about 10% in the transverse direction with respect to the direction of indentation of the substance,
An apparatus according to claim 9 or 10. 14. In order to control the microbiological reaction, an additional heat exchanger is provided, in which case the heat exchanger guiding the heat carrier is connected in particular to a shaped plate 32 directed outwards. It is formed by a smooth metal hood 31, and this hood covers the chambers 2, 3,
The device according to claim 3 or 8, characterized in that the cross section of 41 is completely or partially partitioned.