JPS637311B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS637311B2 JPS637311B2 JP57084215A JP8421582A JPS637311B2 JP S637311 B2 JPS637311 B2 JP S637311B2 JP 57084215 A JP57084215 A JP 57084215A JP 8421582 A JP8421582 A JP 8421582A JP S637311 B2 JPS637311 B2 JP S637311B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- coating layer
- solar
- plastic
- heat
- sunlight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
- F24S70/275—Coatings made of plastics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、家庭給湯用などに利用するためのプ
ラスチツク製の太陽熱集熱器に関するものであ
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a solar heat collector made of plastic for use in domestic hot water supply and the like.
クリーンな石油代替エネルギーとして、太陽エ
ネルギーが注目され、家庭用給湯機などへの実用
化が推進されつつある。太陽熱集熱器は、太陽熱
利用システムの中心として開発が進められ、平板
式、管式、真空断熱管状、ヒートパイプ式、集光
式などが提案されている。 Solar energy is attracting attention as a clean energy alternative to oil, and its practical use in home water heaters and other applications is being promoted. Solar heat collectors are being developed as a central part of solar heat utilization systems, and various types have been proposed, including flat plate types, tube types, vacuum-insulated tubular types, heat pipe types, and concentrator types.
家庭用の太陽熱給湯システムは、汲み置き式、
自然循環式、強制循環式などに大別されるが、現
在、自然循環式が主流となりつつあり、また今後
強制循環式も伸びるであろうと予測されている。 Home solar water heating systems are pump type,
They are broadly classified into natural circulation type, forced circulation type, etc., but natural circulation type is currently becoming mainstream, and it is predicted that forced circulation type will also increase in the future.
しかし、太陽エネルギーの利用に関しては、他
のエネルギーとの経済比較が行なわれ、太陽熱利
用機器は、高性能、長寿命であることに加えて、
経済的に採算の合う価格であることが常に要求さ
れてきた。 However, when it comes to the use of solar energy, economic comparisons are made with other energy sources, and in addition to the high performance and long life of solar thermal equipment,
It has always been required that the price be economically viable.
現在実用化されている太陽熱集熱器は、ステン
レス、銅などの金属より構成されているものと、
主としてブロー成型して用いている高密度ポリエ
チレン等のプラスチツクにより構成されているも
のとがある。 Solar collectors currently in practical use are made of metals such as stainless steel and copper.
Some are mainly made of plastic such as high-density polyethylene that is used by blow molding.
プラスチツク製の太陽熱集熱器の場合、水回路
側の腐食の問題はなく、軽量で安価であるという
長所を有するが、金属と比較すると、特に耐熱
性、強度、熱伝導性などの面で劣つている。 Plastic solar collectors do not have the problem of corrosion on the water circuit side, and have the advantage of being lightweight and inexpensive, but compared to metals, they are inferior in terms of heat resistance, strength, thermal conductivity, etc. It's on.
現在、プラスチツク製の太陽熱集熱器で用いら
れる吸熱体としては、ほとんどがカーボンブラツ
クである。このカーボンブラツクは、高密度ポリ
エチレン中に分散させて、それをブロー成型して
用いるため、成型条件の制約から添加されるカー
ボンブラツクの量は、1.5wt％程度となつている。
そしてこのカーボンブラツクを1.5wt％添加する
ことによつて、プラスチツクを劣化させる紫外線
をも同時に吸収して、プラスチツクの耐候性の改
善を図つている。またこのカーボンブラツクの添
加量は、成型性に悪影響を及ぼさない範囲で
10wt％程度まで増量が可能であるが、太陽光吸
収特性はほとんど変化しない。 Currently, most of the heat absorbers used in plastic solar collectors are carbon black. This carbon black is used by dispersing it in high-density polyethylene and blow molding it, so the amount of carbon black added is about 1.5 wt% due to constraints on molding conditions.
By adding 1.5wt% of this carbon black, it also absorbs ultraviolet rays that degrade plastics, thereby improving the weather resistance of plastics. Also, the amount of carbon black added must be within the range that does not adversely affect moldability.
Although it is possible to increase the amount to about 10wt%, the solar absorption characteristics hardly change.
現状の1.5wt％程度のカーボンブラツクを含む
高密度ポリエチレン製の太陽熱集熱器の場合、プ
ラスチツクの表面反射によつて、太陽光吸収率
（α）は0.92〜0.93の水準であり、また赤外線放
射率（ε）も高く、0.9以上の水準にある。 In the case of current solar collectors made of high-density polyethylene containing about 1.5wt% carbon black, the solar absorption rate (α) is at a level of 0.92 to 0.93 due to the surface reflection of the plastic, and the infrared radiation The ratio (ε) is also high, at a level of 0.9 or higher.
太陽光吸収率（α）をこれ以上増加すること
は、プラスチツクの中にカーボンブラツクを分散
させる従来の方式を用いる限り困難である。 It is difficult to further increase the solar absorption rate (α) using the conventional method of dispersing carbon black in the plastic.
また、従来のプラスチツク製太陽熱集熱器の場
合、プラスチツクであるため、集熱面に傷がつき
やすく、かつ集熱によつて温度上昇し、集熱面が
膨張して伸びた場合、表面層は引つ張られ、かつ
傷がノツチ効果となつて、使用サイクルに伴うク
リープ変形によつて、表面から亀裂が伝播し、破
断するという懸念があつた。 In addition, in the case of conventional plastic solar collectors, because they are made of plastic, the heat collecting surface is easily damaged, and when the temperature rises due to heat collection and the heat collecting surface expands and stretches, the surface layer There was a concern that the cracks would propagate from the surface and break due to creep deformation due to use cycles as the material was stretched and the scratches became a notch effect.
本発明は、上記従来の太陽光吸収率が低い水準
であるという欠点、さらには、表面硬度が弱いこ
とに伴う欠点を抜本的に解決することを目的とす
るものである。 The object of the present invention is to fundamentally solve the above-mentioned drawback of the conventional solar light absorption rate being at a low level, as well as the drawback of low surface hardness.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、プラス
チツク基材自体を吸収体とするのではなく、プラ
スチツク基材上に、太陽光吸収のための吸収体と
なる第１の被覆層を形成し、さらにこの第１の被
覆層の上に表面保護を主目的とする第２の被覆層
を形成したものである。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention does not use the plastic base material itself as an absorber, but forms a first coating layer on the plastic base material that becomes an absorber for absorbing sunlight, Furthermore, a second coating layer whose main purpose is surface protection is formed on this first coating layer.
図は本発明の太陽熱集熱器の要部断面図を示し
たもので、この図において、１はプラスチツク基
材、２は太陽光吸収のための吸収体となる第１の
被覆層、３は表面保護を主目的とする第２の被覆
層で、この第２の被覆層３は第１の被覆層２の上
に形成される。 The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the main parts of the solar heat collector of the present invention. In this figure, 1 is the plastic base material, 2 is the first coating layer that serves as an absorber for absorbing sunlight, and 3 is the This second coating layer 3 is formed on the first coating layer 2 and has the main purpose of protecting the surface.
前記プラスチツク基材１は、ポリオレフイン系
プラスチツクをベースとするもので、高密度ポリ
エチレン、高密度ポリプロピレンである。またこ
のプラスチツク基材１は、耐熱性、熱伝導性など
の改善のために、フイラーなどの添加剤を含んで
も良い。また前記第１の被覆層２は、太陽光吸収
のための吸収体となる被覆層で、この第１の被覆
層２は、接着の困難なポリオレフイン系樹脂に有
効に接着するために、バインダーとして、塩素化
プロピレン変性アクリル樹脂４と、黒色顔料５を
含む。前記黒色顔料５としては、耐候性が優れた
黒色顔料として、各種の顔料の適用が可能であ
り、通常のカーボンブラツクでも良いが、Fe、
Mn、Cu、Cr、Ni、Coの群から選んだ１種以上
の酸化物または複合酸化物、とりわけ、Fe2O3・
MnO2・CuOが、塩素化プロピレン変性アクリル
樹脂との親和性が良好であり望ましい。 The plastic base material 1 is based on polyolefin plastic, such as high-density polyethylene or high-density polypropylene. The plastic base material 1 may also contain additives such as fillers to improve heat resistance, thermal conductivity, and the like. Further, the first coating layer 2 is a coating layer that serves as an absorber for absorbing sunlight, and this first coating layer 2 is used as a binder to effectively adhere to polyolefin resin, which is difficult to adhere to. , a chlorinated propylene-modified acrylic resin 4 and a black pigment 5. As the black pigment 5, various pigments can be used as a black pigment with excellent weather resistance, and ordinary carbon black may be used, but Fe,
One or more oxides or composite oxides selected from the group of Mn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, especially Fe 2 O 3 .
MnO 2 ·CuO has good affinity with chlorinated propylene-modified acrylic resin and is therefore desirable.
また第１の被覆層２は、顔料の分散のための界
面活性剤、塗料粘度調整のためのフイラー等の補
助剤を含んでも良い。前記第２の被覆層３は、紫
外線により硬化するウレタンアクリレート系樹脂
より成る。またこの第２の被覆層３は、第１の被
覆層２を完全に隠蔽せず、複数の穴６を設けて、
第１の被覆層２が部分的に表面に露出するように
しても良い。 The first coating layer 2 may also contain auxiliary agents such as a surfactant for pigment dispersion and a filler for adjusting paint viscosity. The second coating layer 3 is made of urethane acrylate resin that is cured by ultraviolet rays. Moreover, this second covering layer 3 does not completely hide the first covering layer 2, but has a plurality of holes 6,
The first coating layer 2 may be partially exposed on the surface.
なお、図において、Ａ側が太陽光受熱面であ
り、Ｂ側が水などの媒体が通る側で、熱が伝達さ
れる面である。 In the figure, the A side is the solar heat receiving surface, and the B side is the side through which a medium such as water passes and heat is transferred.
上記構成において、太陽光ａは、太陽光波長域
において、透明な第２の被覆層３を透過して、
a′で示すように第１の被覆層２に至り、そこで吸
収されるとともに、熱に変換され、プラスチツク
基材１を熱伝導して、媒体側に熱伝達される。 In the above configuration, sunlight a passes through the transparent second coating layer 3 in the sunlight wavelength range,
As shown by a', the heat reaches the first coating layer 2, where it is absorbed and converted into heat, which conducts the heat through the plastic substrate 1 and transfers the heat to the medium side.
また第２の被覆層３に設けられた複数の穴６は
主として、対流熱放出の防止の寄与をねらつてい
るものである。 Further, the plurality of holes 6 provided in the second coating layer 3 are mainly intended to contribute to the prevention of convective heat release.
太陽光吸収率は、顔料と樹脂の配合比により著
しい影響を受けるが、本発明では、吸収体となる
第１の被覆層２をプラスチツク基材１の表面に設
けているため、接着性を損なわない範囲で、任意
に設定でき、より高い太陽光吸収率を実現するこ
とが可能である。またトツプとなる第２の被覆層
３は、6H以上の硬度を有し、耐擦傷性に優れて
いるため、従来の欠点をほぼ完全に解消し得る。 The sunlight absorption rate is significantly affected by the blending ratio of pigment and resin, but in the present invention, since the first coating layer 2, which serves as an absorber, is provided on the surface of the plastic base material 1, the adhesion is not impaired. It is possible to set the solar light absorption rate arbitrarily within a certain range, and achieve higher sunlight absorption rate. Furthermore, the second coating layer 3, which is the top layer, has a hardness of 6H or more and is excellent in scratch resistance, so that the conventional drawbacks can be almost completely eliminated.
以下、本発明の実施例について説明する。 Examples of the present invention will be described below.
なお、分光特性に関しては、島津製作所製分光
光度計（積分球反射装置付き）MPS−5000型を
用いて、0.3〜2.0μｍの波長域にて測定し、太陽
光（AM＝２）に換算して、太陽光吸収率を評価
した。 The spectral characteristics were measured in the wavelength range of 0.3 to 2.0 μm using a Shimadzu spectrophotometer (with an integrating sphere reflector) model MPS-5000, and converted to sunlight (AM = 2). The solar absorption rate was evaluated.
超高密度ポリエチレンとして、昭和電工(株)製の
「Ｓ−4551H」を70mm×150mm×２mmｔの寸法に切
断して用いた。 As the ultra-high density polyethylene, "S-4551H" manufactured by Showa Denko K.K. was cut into a size of 70 mm x 150 mm x 2 mm.
第１の被覆層２に用いる塗料は、以下の配合に
て調合した。 The paint used for the first coating layer 2 was prepared in the following formulation.
（塗料Ａ）
(i) 樹脂：塩素化プロピレン変性アクリル樹脂
（大日本インキ(株)製「アクリデイツク56−834」）
：100重量部
(ii) 顔料：Fe2O3・CuO・MnO2系顔料（大日精
化(株)製「ダイピロキサイドカラー＃9550」）
：30重量部
両者を「アトライタ」（分散機）にて、６時間
分散混合して塗料を調合した。(Paint A) (i) Resin: Chlorinated propylene-modified acrylic resin (“Acridik 56-834” manufactured by Dainippon Ink Co., Ltd.): 100 parts by weight (ii) Pigment: Fe 2 O 3 / CuO / MnO 2- based pigment ("Dipyroxide Color #9550" manufactured by Dainichiseika Kaisha, Ltd.): 30 parts by weight Both were dispersed and mixed for 6 hours using an "Attritor" (dispersing machine) to prepare a paint.
上記塗料Ａをプラスチツク基材１上に約10μｍ
の膜厚で塗布し、50℃にて30分乾燥させた。 Apply the above paint A to a thickness of about 10 μm on plastic base material 1.
The coating was applied to a film thickness of 100 mL and dried at 50°C for 30 minutes.
次に、第２の被覆層３は、大日本インキ(株)製の
「ユニデイツ17−306」を用いて、約5μｍの膜厚
で塗布し、紫外線により硬化させた。 Next, the second coating layer 3 was applied using "Unidates 17-306" manufactured by Dainippon Ink Co., Ltd. to a thickness of about 5 μm, and was cured by ultraviolet rays.
このようにして形成した太陽熱集熱器の太陽光
吸収率は、95.7％と極めて高い値を示した。 The solar heat collector formed in this way had an extremely high solar absorption rate of 95.7%.
また、表面硬度は約6Hであり、優れた密着性
（碁盤目セロテープ試験）、さらには耐候性に関し
て、サンシヤインウエザーメーターを用いて、
4000時間の連続テストを実施したが、太陽光吸収
率はほとんど変化は見られず、また、外観、付着
状態等の異常は全く認められなかつた。 In addition, the surface hardness is approximately 6H, excellent adhesion (cross-cut Cellotape test), and weather resistance using a Sunshine Weather Meter.
A continuous test was conducted for 4,000 hours, but there was almost no change in the sunlight absorption rate, and no abnormalities in appearance or adhesion were observed.
以上のように本発明の太陽熱集熱器によれば、
ポリオレフイン系プラスチツクをベースとするプ
ラスチツク基材上に、黒色顔料、塩素化プロピレ
ン変性アクリル樹脂を含む第１の被覆層を形成
し、さらにこの第１の被覆層の上にウレタンアク
リレート系樹脂よりなる第２の被覆層を形成して
いるため、太陽光吸収率を高めることができるの
はもちろんの事、表面硬度も高いものが得られる
ことになり、その結果、耐擦傷性に優れたものを
得ることができる。 As described above, according to the solar heat collector of the present invention,
A first coating layer containing a black pigment and a chlorinated propylene-modified acrylic resin is formed on a plastic substrate based on polyolefin plastic, and a first coating layer made of a urethane acrylate resin is formed on the first coating layer. 2 coating layer is formed, which not only increases sunlight absorption, but also provides a surface with high hardness, resulting in a product with excellent scratch resistance. be able to.
図は本発明の太陽熱集熱器の要部断面図であ
る。
１……プラスチツク基材、２……第１の被覆
層、３……第２の被覆層。
The figure is a sectional view of essential parts of the solar heat collector of the present invention. 1... Plastic base material, 2... First coating layer, 3... Second coating layer.
Claims (1)
るプラスチツク基材上に、黒色顔料、塩素化プロ
ピレン変性アクリル樹脂を含む第１の被覆層を形
成し、さらにこの第１の被覆層の上にウレタンア
クリレート系樹脂より成る第２の被覆層を形成し
た太陽熱集熱器。1. A first coating layer containing a black pigment and a chlorinated propylene-modified acrylic resin is formed on a plastic substrate based on polyolefin plastic, and a urethane acrylate resin is further formed on this first coating layer. A solar heat collector with a second coating layer formed thereon.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57084215A JPS58200957A (en) | 1982-05-18 | 1982-05-18 | Heat collector for solar heat |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57084215A JPS58200957A (en) | 1982-05-18 | 1982-05-18 | Heat collector for solar heat |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58200957A JPS58200957A (en) | 1983-11-22 |
| JPS637311B2 true JPS637311B2 (en) | 1988-02-16 |
Family
ID=13824251
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57084215A Granted JPS58200957A (en) | 1982-05-18 | 1982-05-18 | Heat collector for solar heat |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58200957A (en) |
-
1982
- 1982-05-18 JP JP57084215A patent/JPS58200957A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS58200957A (en) | 1983-11-22 |
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