JPS6411131B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6411131B2 JPS6411131B2 JP12677683A JP12677683A JPS6411131B2 JP S6411131 B2 JPS6411131 B2 JP S6411131B2 JP 12677683 A JP12677683 A JP 12677683A JP 12677683 A JP12677683 A JP 12677683A JP S6411131 B2 JPS6411131 B2 JP S6411131B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- diamond
- absorption coefficient
- infrared light
- infrared
- strength
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［技術分野］
本発明は工具用ダイヤモンドの非破壊強度試験
方法に係わる。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a method for non-destructive strength testing of diamond for tools.
［単結晶ダイヤモンド工具における問題点］
超精密切削加工に用いられる単結晶ダイヤモン
ド工具の切削性能および寿命には、工具によつて
大きなばらつきがあり、安定した切削加工の実現
は容易ではない。超精密切削工具として要求され
る条件には鋭利な切刃とその安定性が挙げられる
が、これらはいずれもダイヤモンドの微小破壊強
度に依存しており、個々の原石による強度の違い
が工具性能のばらつきを支配していると考えられ
る。[Problems with single-crystal diamond tools] The cutting performance and lifespan of single-crystal diamond tools used for ultra-precision cutting vary greatly depending on the tool, and it is not easy to achieve stable cutting. The conditions required for ultra-precision cutting tools include a sharp cutting edge and its stability, but both of these depend on the microfracture strength of diamond, and differences in strength between individual rough stones affect tool performance. This is thought to control the variation.
微小破壊強度はダイヤモンド中に含まれている
何らかの欠陥によつて決定されるので、これらの
欠陥にもとずく物理的性質を利用すれば、強度を
予測できる可能性がある。 Since the microfracture strength is determined by some defects contained in the diamond, it is possible to predict the strength by using the physical properties based on these defects.
［在来の試験技術］
従来、ダイヤモンド工具用ダイヤモンドは天然
原石の段階で、色、形、スポツト、内在クラツク
等もつぱら外観的な諸特質から良否を判断するだ
けであつて、天然原石の個体差等を十分につかめ
ず、これを工具とした場合、前述のように、個々
の間に大きなばらつきを生じさせているのであ
る。[Conventional testing technology] Conventionally, diamonds for diamond tools are judged as good or bad when they are raw natural stones. If the differences are not fully grasped and used as a tool, large variations will occur between the individual pieces, as described above.
ダイヤモンドの破壊強度を測定する方法とし
て、ダイヤモンドの微小球圧子を用いたHertz強
度試験法が知られている。この試験法で、先端半
径5μｍのダイヤモンド圧子を試料平面に押しつ
けてゆき、破壊が生じた時の接触面平均圧力P0
を求める方法で、個々の試料について測定すれ
ば、この方法は試料の表面状態の影響がすくなく
測定結果には個々の試料の個体差が表われるの
で、これによれば、ダイヤモンドの破壊強度を知
ることができるが、この試料を実施するために
は、特別な形状の試料の準備が必要となり、多量
の個々のダイヤモンドを対象として適用する測定
法としてはなじまないものがある。 The Hertz strength test method using a diamond microsphere indenter is known as a method for measuring the fracture strength of diamond. In this test method, a diamond indenter with a tip radius of 5 μm is pressed against the flat surface of the sample, and the average pressure on the contact surface when fracture occurs is P 0
If measured on each individual sample, this method is less affected by the surface condition of the sample and the measurement results show individual differences between each sample. However, in order to carry out this test, it is necessary to prepare a sample with a special shape, and there are some methods that are not suitable for measuring a large number of individual diamonds.
［発明の開示］
ダイヤモンドの微小破壊強度は原石に内在する
微小欠陥に左右されるものと考えられ、従つて欠
陥に起因する何らかの物理的性質を相関があるこ
とが予想され、不純物による結晶構造の変化を知
ることのできる赤外光吸収スペクトルをダイヤモ
ンドについて測定し、吸収係数と前記5μｍ半径
のダイヤモンド圧子による破壊強度との関係をみ
た。この結果、波長7.3μｍの赤外光吸収係数と破
壊強度値に相関があることを明らかにした。[Disclosure of the Invention] It is thought that the microfracture strength of diamond is influenced by the microdefects inherent in the rough diamond, and therefore it is expected that there is a correlation between some physical properties caused by the defects, and it is expected that the crystal structure may be affected by impurities. Infrared light absorption spectra, which can be used to determine changes, were measured for diamond, and the relationship between the absorption coefficient and the fracture strength caused by the diamond indenter with a radius of 5 μm was examined. As a result, it was revealed that there is a correlation between the infrared light absorption coefficient at a wavelength of 7.3 μm and the breaking strength value.
第１図はこの結果を示すものであり、縦軸に破
壊強度をとり、横軸に波長7.3μｍの赤外光の吸収
係数をとつている。またQN，RN，PN，DN，CN等
とあるのはサンプル記号を示したものであり、
P0は接触面平均圧力、σaは接触円周上で試料表
面に働く最大引張応力である。 Figure 1 shows the results, with the vertical axis representing the breaking strength and the horizontal axis representing the absorption coefficient of infrared light with a wavelength of 7.3 μm. Also, Q N , R N , P N , D N , C N etc. indicate sample symbols.
P 0 is the average pressure on the contact surface, and σa is the maximum tensile stress acting on the sample surface on the contact circumference.
このグラフより明らかなように、赤外光吸収係
数が小さい程、破壊強度は高く、吸収係数が大き
い程破壊強度は低く、吸収係数と破壊強度との間
には反比例的な関係があることが確認されてい
る。 As is clear from this graph, the smaller the infrared absorption coefficient, the higher the breaking strength, and the larger the absorption coefficient, the lower the breaking strength, and there is an inversely proportional relationship between the absorption coefficient and the breaking strength. Confirmed.
またダイヤモンド単位体積中に含まれるプレー
トレツトと呼ばれる微小欠陥の面積が大きい程、
7.3μｍの赤外吸収係数が大きくなることも知られ
ている。 In addition, the larger the area of minute defects called platelets contained in a unit volume of diamond, the more
It is also known that the infrared absorption coefficient at 7.3 μm increases.
したがつて、ダイヤモンドにおける波長7.3μｍ
の赤外光の吸収係数をを測定によつて求めれば、
第１図グラフよりダイヤモンドの破壊強度を求め
ることができるが、赤外光吸収は通常の測定装置
を用いる限り、平行窓を備え、赤外光が透過する
厚さにまで試料を研摩仕上する必要がある。しか
しこれは試料の研摩といつた準備が必要な点で多
量のダイヤモンドを対象として適用する測定法と
してはなじまないものである。 Therefore, the wavelength in diamond is 7.3 μm.
If the absorption coefficient of infrared light of is determined by measurement,
The fracture strength of diamond can be determined from the graph in Figure 1, but for infrared light absorption, as long as a normal measuring device is used, it is necessary to equip a parallel window and polish the sample to a thickness that allows infrared light to pass through. There is. However, this method is not suitable for measuring large quantities of diamonds because it requires preparation such as polishing the sample.
しかし、ダイヤモンド原石に赤外領域での光を
投射した場合、光は結晶中の原子の格子振動と相
互作用があるので、結晶内の微小欠陥の存在は
7.3μｍの反射率にも当然影響し、赤外光反射スペ
クトルより微小欠陥の存在、したがつて微小破壊
強度を推定することも可能となるが、本発明は吸
収された赤外光のエネルギは格子振動に変換され
るので、吸収係数の違いが試料の温度の上昇より
測定できることに着目し、この温度上昇より当該
試料の7.3μｍの赤外光の吸収係数を求め、この吸
収係数より第１図グラフに示すようなすでに求め
られているグラフによりダイヤモンド破壊強度を
求めようとするものである。 However, when infrared light is projected onto a rough diamond, the light interacts with the lattice vibrations of atoms in the crystal, so the presence of micro defects in the crystal is not detected.
Naturally, it also affects the reflectance at 7.3 μm, and it is possible to estimate the presence of micro defects and therefore the micro fracture strength from the infrared light reflection spectrum. However, in the present invention, the energy of the absorbed infrared light Since it is converted into lattice vibration, we focused on the fact that the difference in absorption coefficient can be measured from the rise in temperature of the sample. From this temperature rise, we found the absorption coefficient of 7.3 μm infrared light of the sample, and from this absorption coefficient, This method attempts to determine the diamond fracture strength using a graph that has already been determined, such as the one shown in the figure.
［実施例］
第２図イに示すように、半無限平面試料に強度
が軸対称のガウス分布を有するビーム径r0の赤外
光が照射されたとき、試料内には吸収係数に応じ
て第２図ロに示すように、深さ方向に減衰する熱
源が生じると考え、熱源としてr0＝0.1mm、１ｍ
Ｊの瞬時熱源、試料として7.3μｍの赤外光吸収係
数が５および20cm-1であるダイヤモンドを想定す
ると、照射後10ｍＳの試料表面における上昇温度
分布は第２図ハに示すようになる。例えばビーム
半径r0の２倍の位置での温度差は約0.04〓になつ
てあらわれるが、これは吸収係数の大きいものと
小さいものとの差によつて生じるものである。従
つて、光源より7.3μｍの赤外光をしぼつて、単位
時間、単位量をダイヤモンド面に照射すれば、照
射を受けたダイヤモンドは、照射軸よりの特定位
置で、それぞれのダイヤモンドの7.3μｍの赤外光
吸収係数に対応して常温よりの温度上昇を生ずる
ことになるから、予め7.3μｍの赤外光で異なる既
知の吸収係数を有する多数のダイヤモンドについ
て、前述の7.3μｍの赤外光による単位時間、単位
量照射による特定位置における常温よりの温度上
昇と前記既知赤外光吸収係数の対応を求めて置け
ば、これより7.3μｍの赤外光吸収係数未知のダイ
ヤモンドに前述のような7.3μｍの赤外光の照射を
行つて前記と同じ特定位置における温度上昇を測
定して、前記既知のものと対比しその7.3μｍの赤
外光吸収係数を求め、この吸収係数より第１図グ
ラフの相関関係により当該ダイヤモンドの破壊強
度を求めることができる。[Example] As shown in Figure 2A, when a semi-infinite plane sample is irradiated with infrared light with a beam diameter r 0 having an axially symmetric Gaussian intensity distribution, there are As shown in Figure 2 B, we assume that a heat source is generated that attenuates in the depth direction, and the heat source is r 0 = 0.1 mm, 1 m.
Assuming an instantaneous heat source of J and a diamond having an infrared light absorption coefficient of 5 and 20 cm -1 at 7.3 μm as the sample, the temperature rise distribution on the sample surface 10 mS after irradiation is as shown in Figure 2 C. For example, the temperature difference at a position twice the beam radius r 0 appears as approximately 0.04〓, and this is caused by the difference between large and small absorption coefficients. Therefore, if a diamond surface is irradiated with 7.3 μm infrared light from a light source in a unit time and in a unit amount, the irradiated diamond will be 7.3 μm thick at a specific position from the irradiation axis. Since this will cause a temperature rise above room temperature corresponding to the infrared light absorption coefficient of If we find the correspondence between the temperature rise above normal temperature at a specific location due to unit time and unit dose irradiation and the known infrared light absorption coefficient, we can find that the above-mentioned diamond with an unknown infrared light absorption coefficient of 7.3 μm We irradiated with 7.3 μm infrared light, measured the temperature rise at the same specific position as above, and compared it with the known one to find the 7.3 μm infrared light absorption coefficient, and from this absorption coefficient, Figure 1. The fracture strength of the diamond can be determined from the correlation in the graph.
［効果］
以上説明したように、本発明によれば7.3μｍの
赤外光を試料となるダイヤモンドに照射する際、
非常に細いビームによつて行うので、ダイヤモン
ドには予め加工を施す必要は殆んどなく、非破壊
の状態で試料を行うことができ、しかも正確にダ
イヤモンドの破壊強度を知ることができるので、
従来工具として切削等に使用してはじめてわかる
低強度のダイヤモンドを原石の状態で排除でき、
工具製造における無駄な労力、資材を節約するこ
とができる。[Effect] As explained above, according to the present invention, when irradiating a diamond sample with 7.3 μm infrared light,
Since it is carried out using a very thin beam, there is almost no need to process the diamond in advance, and the sample can be sampled in a non-destructive state.Furthermore, the fracture strength of the diamond can be accurately determined.
It is possible to eliminate low-strength diamonds in their rough state, which can only be noticed when used as conventional tools for cutting, etc.
Wasted labor and materials in tool manufacturing can be saved.
第１図は、波長7.3μｍの赤外光に対するダイヤ
モンドの赤外光吸収係数とダイヤモンドの破壊強
度との関係を示す実測グラフである。第２図イ
は、強度が軸対象のガウス分布を有する赤外ビー
ムを示す。第２図ロは赤外光照射によるダイヤモ
ンドにおける深さ方向熱分布を示す。第２図ハは
第２図イのビームが吸収係数μ＝５cm-1.μ＝20cm
-1のダイヤモンドに照射され、その表面に生ずる
温度上昇分布図である。
FIG. 1 is an actual measurement graph showing the relationship between the infrared light absorption coefficient of diamond for infrared light with a wavelength of 7.3 μm and the fracture strength of diamond. FIG. 2A shows an infrared beam whose intensity has an axis-symmetric Gaussian distribution. Figure 2 (b) shows the depth direction heat distribution in the diamond due to infrared light irradiation. In Figure 2 C, the beam in Figure 2 A has an absorption coefficient μ = 5 cm -1 .μ = 20 cm
-1 diamond is irradiated and the temperature rise distribution that occurs on its surface is a diagram.
Claims (1)
赤外光吸収係数未知のダイヤモンドに照射し、前
記赤外光照射による前記ダイヤモンド表面特定位
置の常温よりの温度上昇を測定し、該温度上昇
と、前記波長の赤外光吸収係数既知のダイヤモン
ドに前記同様赤外光を照射して生じたダイヤモン
ド表面特定位置における常温よりの温度上昇とを
対比して、前記赤外光吸収係数未知のダイヤモン
ドの赤外光吸収係数を求め、前記波長において赤
外光吸収係数既知のダイヤモンドと破壊強度との
間にあるダイヤモンドの赤外光吸収係数が小さい
程破壊強度は大きく、赤外光吸収係数が大きい程
破壊強度は小さくなる既知相関関係によつて、前
記求めた赤外光吸収係数からダイヤモンドの破壊
強度を求めることを特徴とする工具用ダイヤモン
ドの非破壊強度試験方法。1 Infrared light with a wavelength of 7.3 μm, unit time, unit amount,
A diamond with an unknown infrared absorption coefficient is irradiated, a temperature rise from normal temperature at a specific position on the diamond surface due to the infrared irradiation is measured, and the temperature rise and the infrared absorption coefficient of the diamond with a known wavelength are measured. The infrared absorption coefficient of the diamond, whose infrared absorption coefficient is unknown, is determined by comparing the temperature rise above room temperature at a specific position on the diamond surface caused by irradiation with infrared light as described above, and Based on the known correlation between diamond with a known light absorption coefficient and fracture strength, the smaller the infrared absorption coefficient of diamond, the greater the fracture strength, and the larger the infrared absorption coefficient, the lower the fracture strength. A non-destructive strength testing method for tool diamond, characterized by determining the destructive strength of diamond from the determined infrared light absorption coefficient.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58126776A JPS6018744A (en) | 1983-07-11 | 1983-07-11 | Non-destructive strength testing method of diamond for tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58126776A JPS6018744A (en) | 1983-07-11 | 1983-07-11 | Non-destructive strength testing method of diamond for tool |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6018744A JPS6018744A (en) | 1985-01-30 |
| JPS6411131B2 true JPS6411131B2 (en) | 1989-02-23 |
Family
ID=14943645
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58126776A Granted JPS6018744A (en) | 1983-07-11 | 1983-07-11 | Non-destructive strength testing method of diamond for tool |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6018744A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0332082U (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1991-03-28 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007147486A (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-14 | Allied Material Corp | How to sort diamond for tools |
| JP5527628B2 (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2014-06-18 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Diamond single crystal |
-
1983
- 1983-07-11 JP JP58126776A patent/JPS6018744A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0332082U (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1991-03-28 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6018744A (en) | 1985-01-30 |
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