JPS6411321B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to improvements in ultrafiltration devices used in dialysis therapy. Blood passes through the membrane in the dialyzer on one side and dialysate on the other side, and negative or positive pressure is applied to one side to perform ultrafiltration to remove excess water and toxins from the blood. Dialysis therapy is known. Traditionally, the dialysate supply methods used in this type of dialysis method can be roughly divided into single-pass methods and recirculation methods, each of which has its own merits and demerits, and one or the other supply method may be adopted depending on the patient's medical condition. The reality is that there are. The single-pass method is effective when performing dialysis on a large number of patients at the same time, and has excellent dialysis efficiency because fresh dialysate is always supplied.
The disadvantage is that small molecular weight active ingredients are also removed in excess and must be replenished in large quantities from separate lines. Furthermore, this single-pass method has a major problem in that it is not possible to accurately measure the ultraviolet amount. That is, in the single-pass method, the dialysate is passed through the dialyzer once and then discarded, so it is not possible to know the increase in the amount of waste fluid (removed amount). Therefore, the conventional method has been to measure the amount of weight loss of the patient and the amount of water loss in the blood, but it is difficult to constantly measure the ultraviolet excess with this method. For this reason, several proposals have been made in the past. For example, as seen in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 54-4284, a solution reservoir is provided in the dialyzer's dialysate inlet and outlet channels, and the inlet fluid is There are systems that supply a fixed amount of dialysate from a reservoir and measure the increase in the amount of dialysate in the outlet reservoir, but this system requires the dialysate to be temporarily stored in the inlet reservoir, so The disadvantage is that it is not possible to carry out ultraviolet measurements. On the other hand, the recirculation method, contrary to the single-pass method, has the advantage that the drop in small molecular weight active ingredients is small, so imbalance symptoms are less likely to occur, and the closed circuit makes it easier to measure ultraviolet doses. However, dialysis efficiency inevitably decreases over time. The present invention was proposed as a result of studies against the background of the current situation, and in particular takes advantage of the advantages of the single-pass ultraviolet device and eliminates its drawbacks, thereby providing a single-pass ultraviolet device according to the patient's medical condition. The object of the present invention is to provide a new ultrafiltration device that can selectively perform a pass method, a partial circulation method, and a closed circulation method, and can always accurately measure the ultraviolet amount. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, Fig. 1 shows a system diagram of an ultrafiltration device according to the present invention, and 1 in the figure indicates, for example, a hollow fiber type. 2 is a blood line, and 3 is a dialysate line. In principle, the dialyzer 1 passes blood on one side and dialysate on the other side through an internal membrane 4, and passes blood to either side. It performs ultraviolet filtration of blood by applying pressure. However, in the present invention, such dialyzer 1
Branch lines 7 and 8 are provided in the dialysate inlet line 5 and outlet line 6, respectively, and pumps P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ , and P ₄ are provided in each line 5 , 6 , 7 , and 8 . In addition, the inlet line 5 and the outlet line 6, the branch lines 7 and 8, the inlet line 5 and the branch line 7, and the outlet line 6 and the branch line 8 are connected by connection lines 9, 10, 11, and 12, respectively. , each connection line is provided with on-off valves V ₂ , V ₃ , V ₄ , V ₅ , and on-off valves V 1 , V 1 , V ₅ are provided at the dialysate inlet of the inlet line 5 and the outlet of the outlet line 6, respectively.
_V6 is provided. Furthermore, in the present invention, a branch line 13 leading to an ultrafiltration pump 14 is connected immediately after the dialyzer in the outlet line 6 (15 in the figure is a drain tank). The pumps P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ used in the present invention,
_P4 has a suction port and a discharge port, and the dialysate is inhaled and discharged intermittently and accurately.That is, while the dialysate is being sucked, the dialysate is not discharged; A device that does not suck in dialysate while discharging it, and a typical example thereof is a bellows pump. Next, the operation of the present invention having such a configuration will be explained. First, when performing a single pass according to the present invention, valves V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₅ , and V ₆ are opened;
When valves V ₃ and V ₄ are closed, a circuit as shown in FIG. 2 is constructed. Using this circuit, pumps P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ , and P ₄ are operated as shown in the table below.

[Table] That is, by performing the steps alternately, dialysate is constantly supplied to the dialyzer,
The dialysate flowing between the discharge ports 20 of P ₁ and P ₂ and the suction ports 21 of P ₃ and P ₄ always has the same volume. Therefore,
When the ultrafiltration pump 14 quantitatively discharges the used dialysate from the branch line 13 immediately after the dialyzer 1, a negative pressure is generated between 20 and 21, and the amount of blood discharged by the pump 14 through the membrane 4 is reduced. An equal amount of water is removed. Therefore, it is possible to always accurately measure the ultraviolet amount from the rotation speed of the ultraviolet pump 14, the amount of discharge to the tank 15, etc., and furthermore, the ultraviolet amount can be controlled by the ultraviolet pump 14. It becomes possible. In addition, when performing a partial recirculation method as another embodiment of the present invention, valves V ₁ , V ₃ , and V ₆ are opened and valves V ₂ , V ₄ , and V ₅ are closed. A circuit as shown in Figure 3 is constructed, and each pump P ₁ , P ₂ ,
Operate P ₃ and P ₄ as shown in the table below.

[Table] That is, by performing the steps alternately, the dialysate passes from pump P ₁ to dialyzer 1, a part of which is guided back to dialyzer 1 via pump P ₃ - pump P ₂ , and finally will be discharged from pump _P4 . Even in this case, the volume of the dialysate flowing into the discharge ports 20 of P ₁ and P ₂ and the suction ports 21 of P ₃ and P ₄ is always equal, as in the case of the single pass described above. can be measured or controlled. This partial recirculation method is intermediate between the single-pass method and the closed-circulation method, and the dialysate after the single pass does not have a very high concentration of waste products, so some of the dialysate is can be recirculated to the dialyzer for effective use. On the other hand, in another embodiment of the present invention, when performing a closed circulation system, the dialysate is first passed or circulated for a certain period of time by the single pass system or partial recirculation system, and then the
When V ₃ and V ₄ are opened and valves V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₅ and V ₆ are closed, a closed circulation as shown in FIG. 4 is established. Therefore, each pump P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ , and P ₄ is operated as shown in the table below.

[Table] That is, by performing the steps alternately, the dialysate passes through the pump P ₁ - dialyzer 1,
A part of the pump passes through pump P ₃ -pump P ₂ -dialyzer 1 and returns from pump 4 to pump P ₁ in a circular process. After circulating the dialysate for a certain period of time, each valve V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₃ , V ₄ is connected again to the single pass method or partial recirculation method.
(This will be repeated from now on). Since such a circulation circuit is a closed circuit as a whole, it is easy to accurately measure or control the ultraviolet amount by the ultraviolet pump 14. The embodiment described above is an example of the present invention,
Suction-discharge of each pump P ₁ ~ _{P 4} and each valve V ₁ ~
Various supply systems can be adopted by appropriately selecting the opening and closing of _V6 . Furthermore, in FIG. 1, one branch line 7, 8 is connected to the inlet line 5 and the outlet line 6, but in the present invention, a plurality of branch lines are connected to the inlet line 5 and the outlet line 6. The branch lines may be connected, and each branch line may be provided with a pump, and each line may be connected via an on-off valve. Thus, according to the invention, each pump P ₁ ~
If the operation of P ₄ and each valve V ₁ to _{V 6} is programmed in advance, single-pass, partial circulation, and closed circulation modes can be selectively performed depending on the patient's medical condition. In this method, various excellent effects can be obtained, such as being able to accurately measure or control the amount of ultraviolet excess at all times.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an example of an ultra-pass device according to the present invention, and FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 are system diagrams for explaining various embodiments of the present invention. A single pass system is shown, FIG. 3 shows a partial recirculation system, and FIG. 4 shows a closed circulation system. In the figure, 1 is a dialyzer, 2 is a blood line, 3 is a dialysate line, 4 is a membrane, 5 is a dialysate inlet line, 6 is a dialysate outlet line, 7, 8 are branch lines, 9, 10, 11 , 12 is a connection line, 13 is a branch line, 14 is an ultrafiltration pump, 15 is a drain tank, 20 is a discharge port of P ₁ and P ₂ , 21 is a P ₃ ,
_P4 is an inlet, _P1 to _P4 are pumps, and _V1 to _V6 are valves.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In an ultrafiltration device, branch lines are connected to the dialyzer inlet line and outlet line, respectively, and dialysate is connected to the inlet line, the outlet line, and each of the branch lines, respectively. An ultraviolet device characterized in that a pump that performs suction and discharge intermittently is provided, and an inlet line, an outlet line, and each branch line are connected via on-off valves. 2. In the ultrafiltration device, branch lines are connected to the dialyzer's dialysate inlet and outlet lines, and dialysate is intermittently sucked and discharged into the inlet and outlet lines and each of the branch lines. The present invention is characterized in that it is provided with a pump for carrying out the operation, and the inlet line, the outlet line, and each branch line are connected to each other via an on-off valve, and the outlet line is provided with a branch line that leads to the ultra-high pump. An ultraviolet device.