JPS6411999B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a composite fire detector equipped with smoke detection means and heat-sensitive displacement means.

[Conventional technology and issues to be solved] Fire detectors include those that detect smoke by detecting fire, such as photoelectric type and ion type, and those of thermal type, which detect fire by detecting the heat caused by fire. There are things to sense. By the way, when a fire occurs, smoke or heat is generated, but which one is generated varies depending on the situation of the place, the situation of the fire, etc. Therefore, in order to reliably detect fire, a fire detector that can detect both smoke and heat is desired.

The present invention was made to satisfy such a demand, and by providing a combination of smoke detection means and heat detection means, it is possible to detect smoke and heat generated by a fire individually or in combination. The purpose of this invention is to provide a composite fire detector that detects fire using

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present invention provides a dark box having a ventilation hole, a light emitting element that illuminates the inside of the dark box, and detecting that the light emitted from the light emitting element is scattered or attenuated by smoke. smoke detection means having a light-receiving element; and a heat-deformable body that deforms due to heat; and by fixing the light-emitting element or the light-receiving element on the heat-deformable body, when a fire occurs, the smoke detection means detects heat and prevents its thermal deformation. A heat-sensitive displacement means for displacing the position or direction of the light-emitting element or light-receiving element as the body deforms, and configured to detect fire by detecting smoke and heat using the smoke detection means and the heat-sensitive displacement means. The present invention detects smoke and heat using both of these means to detect fire, and provides a highly reliable composite fire detector without the need for a complicated mechanism.

[Example] The present invention will be described below based on an example shown in the drawings.

1A and 1B are sectional views showing a first embodiment of the composite fire detector of the present invention, the former showing a smoke detection state and the latter showing a heat detection state. The fire detector of this embodiment is composed of a smoke detection means 1 having a dark box 2, a light emitting element 5 and a light receiving element 6, and a thermal displacement means 7 made of a thermally deformable body.

The dark box 2 has a space for smoke detection that is blocked from external light, and allows smoke to flow in through the ventilation hole 3. A shielding plate 4 is provided inside the ventilation hole 3 to block external light entering through the ventilation hole 3. Further, inside this dark box 2, a light emitting element 5 made of a light emitting diode or the like and a light receiving element 6 made of a photodiode or the like are provided, and the smoke detection means 1 is constituted by these elements. In this embodiment, the light emitting element 5 and the light receiving element 6 are arranged so as not to face each other so that the emitted light L of the light emitting element 5 does not directly enter the light receiving element 6.

The heat-sensitive displacement means 7 is composed of a plate-shaped thermally deformable body 8, one end of which is fixed to the dark box 2 by means not shown, and the light emitting element 5 is attached to the other end of the thermally deformable body 8.
are connected. The heat-sensitive displacement means 7 detects heat generated during a fire by the heat-deformable body 8, and as the heat-deformable body 8 is thermally deformed, the light-emitting element 5 linked
The position or direction of the light emitting element 5 is changed so that the emitted light L of the light emitting element 5 directly enters the light receiving element 6, and the light emitting element 5 and the light receiving element 6 photoelectrically detect heat.

As the thermally deformable body 8, a shape memory material is used. Shape memory effect is a phenomenon in which a material remembers its shape in its high temperature phase even after being deformed. Shape memory is achieved by making a shape memory material into a desired shape and heat-treating it. Even if a material whose shape is memorized in this manner is subsequently deformed, it returns to its original memorized shape by heating to an appropriate temperature. As this shape memory material, intermetallic compounds NiTi, Cu-Zn-A alloys, etc. are known.

In this example, it is referred to as nitinol, for example.
A thermally deformable body 8 is formed by making NiTi into a plate shape, which is curved as shown in FIG. 1B, and then heat treated at a temperature of 200 to 300°C to memorize its shape. This curved shape is set so that the emitted light L of the light emitting element 5 can directly enter the light receiving element 6. After this, the thermally deformable body 8 is deformed into a flat plate shape as shown in FIG. 1A,
In addition to attaching it to the dark box 2 as described above, the light emitting element 5
to be fixed.

Detection of smoke by this composite fire detector is similar to that of a conventional smoke detection type fire detector, and as shown in FIG. 1A, when smoke S flows into the dark box 2 from the ventilation hole 3, its particles P The light L emitted from the light emitting element 5 is scattered by the light emitting element 5, and a portion of this scattered light is detected by the light receiving element 6.

Further, heat detection is performed by the heat-sensitive displacement means 7 and the smoke detection means 1. That is, when the surrounding temperature rises due to a fire, the thermally deformable body 8 is heated, and when a predetermined temperature (for example, 60 to 80°C) is reached, the thermally deformable body 8 is heated.
NiTi, which is a shape memory material constituting the shape memory material, undergoes a phase transformation and deforms into the pre-memorized curved shape shown in FIG. 1B. As a result, the heat generated by the fire is sensed, and with this thermal deformation, the position and orientation of the light emitting element 5 are displaced as shown in the figure, and the emitted light L is transferred to the light receiving element 6.
The heat generated is detected photoelectrically.

In this case, part of the scattered light is incident on the light receiving element 6 in the former case, and emitted light is incident in the latter case, so
There is a difference in the output level of the light receiving element 6, and by identifying this difference, smoke detection and heat detection can be distinguished.

In addition, after detecting heat generation as described above,
In order to restore the fire detector, it is necessary to return the thermally deformable body 8 made of a shape memory material to a flat plate shape as shown in FIG. 1A. This is done manually by removing the dark box 2, but it can also be automatically restored using a restoring means such as a spring. For example, a leaf spring (not shown) may be bonded to the thermally deformable body 8.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are sectional views showing a second embodiment of the composite fire detector of the present invention, with the former showing a smoke detection state and the latter showing a heat detection state. In the fire detector of this embodiment, a light emitting element 5 and a light receiving element 6 are disposed at the bottom of a dark box 2 to constitute a smoke detection means 1, and a thermally deformable body 8 and a restoring spring 9 constitute a heat sensitive displacement means. 7, and the other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment described above.

The thermally deformable body 8 of this embodiment is made of a plate-shaped shape memory material such as Nitinol, and is made to memorize an L-shape as shown in FIG. The light emitting element 5 is fixed to the tip facing inward, and the tip is fixed to the dark box 2 with a restoring spring 9.

Smoke detection by the composite fire detector of this embodiment is performed by the smoke detection means 1 as shown in FIG. 2A, and its operation is the same as that of the first embodiment described above.

On the other hand, heat detection is similar to the first embodiment described above.
This is carried out by the heat-sensitive displacement means 7 and the smoke detection means 1. That is, when the thermally deformable body 8 is heated by the heat generated by the fire and reaches a predetermined temperature, it deforms into a pre-stored L-shape against the tension of the restoring spring 9, as shown in FIG. 2B. , the emitted light L of the light emitting element 5
is made incident on the light-receiving element 6, and the heat is detected by detecting this at the light-receiving element 6.

After that, when the ambient temperature decreases, the thermally deformable body 8
Since the shape memory material constituting the thermally deformable body 8 can be easily deformed, the thermally deformable body 8 is pulled by the restoring spring 9 biased by the thermal deformation of the thermally deformable body 8, and is set to the state shown in FIG. 2A. The fire detector will automatically recover.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are cross-sectional views showing a third embodiment of the composite fire detector of the present invention, with the former showing a smoke detection state and the latter showing a heat detection state. The composite fire detector of this embodiment has a smoke detection means 1, which has a light emitting element 5 disposed at the bottom of a vertically long dark box 2, and a light receiving element 6 disposed approximately in the center, which is linked to the light receiving element 6. and a heat-sensitive displacement means 7 for reversing and displacing this vertically.

The thermally deformable body 8 of this embodiment is made of a rod-shaped shape memory material, which memorizes the state of being twisted approximately 180 degrees, and then twists it back to its original state so that the light-receiving element 6 is placed on the upper side as shown in FIG. 3A. Fixed to.

Smoke detection using this composite fire detector is based on the 3A
As shown in the figure, the light L emitted from the light emitting element 6 at the back of the light receiving element 6 is scattered by the smoke particles P that have flowed into the front side of the light receiving element 6. This is done by detecting with the light receiving element 6. In addition, in thermal detection, when the thermally deformable body 8 reaches a predetermined temperature, it deforms into a twisted state stored in advance, inverts the light receiving element 6, and directs the emitted light L of the light emitting element 5 to the light receiving element 6. Since the light is incident, this is detected by the light receiving element 6.

Note that the thermally deformable body 8 can be restored in the same manner as in each of the above embodiments. Also, in this example,
Although the thermally deformable body 8 is stored as having been twisted by 180 degrees, it is also possible to store the thermally deformable body 8 in an untwisted state and use it after being twisted at a low temperature. Furthermore, as a means for inverting the light receiving element, a thermally deformable body formed in a spiral shape may be used.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are explanatory diagrams showing a fourth embodiment of the composite fire detector of the present invention. The composite fire detector of this embodiment is comprised of a smoke detection means formed by a light emitting element 5 and a light receiving element 6 disposed facing each other, and a thermal displacement means 7 formed of a thermally deformable body 8.

The smoke detection means 1 is configured such that the emitted light L of the light emitting element 5 is always incident on the light receiving element 6, and detects smoke by detecting attenuation of the emitted light L due to inflowing smoke in the light receiving element 6. .

The thermally deformable body 8 is made of a plate-shaped shape memory material, and has a curved shape memorized as shown in FIG. 4B.
Then, it is deformed into a flat plate shape as shown in FIG. 4B, and used with the light receiving element 6 fixed to the tip. In heat detection, as shown in FIG. 4B, when the thermally deformable body 8 reaches a predetermined temperature, it deforms into the memorized curved shape and changes the position and orientation of the light receiving element 6 to the emitted light L from the light emitting element 5. This is done by detecting this with the light-receiving element 6.

In this embodiment, the light incident on the light receiving element 6 is attenuated when smoke is detected, and no light enters the light receiving element when heat is detected, so the signal level at the light receiving element 6 is different between the former and the latter. make a difference. Therefore, in this embodiment as well, by identifying the signal level, as in the case described above,
A distinction can be made between smoke detection and heat detection.

In each of the above embodiments, a shape memory material is used as the thermally deformable body, but other members such as a bimetal that deforms due to heat may also be used.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the present invention provides a highly reliable composite fire detector without providing a complicated mechanism. Since the smoke detection signal and the heat detection signal are each obtained by the same light-receiving element, the smoke detection signal and the heat detection signal can be obtained by the same light-receiving element. It can be used as a fire detector for smoke detection and heat detection, and since there is a level difference between the two signals, by identifying them with the fire alarm system receiver to which this fire detector is connected, The former can be used as a pre-alarm signal, and the latter can be used as a start signal for fire extinguishing equipment and the like. And, the present invention
Heat and smoke caused by a fire can be sensed individually or in combination, enabling early detection of fire and being effective in fire detection.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1A and 1B are cross-sectional views showing a first embodiment of the composite fire detector of the present invention, and Figures 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views showing a second embodiment of the composite fire detector of the present invention. Figures 3A and 3B are cross-sectional views showing a third embodiment of the composite fire detector of the present invention, and Figures 4A and 4B depict a fourth embodiment of the composite fire detector of the present invention. FIG. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Smoke detection means, 2... Dark box, 3... Ventilation hole, 4... Shielding plate, 5... Light emitting element, 6... Light receiving element, 7... Thermal displacement means, 8... Thermal deformable body, 9
...Restoration spring, 10...Reflector, L...Light, S
...Smoke, P...Smoke particles.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Smoke detection means comprising a dark box having a ventilation hole, a light emitting element that illuminates the inside of the dark box, and a light receiving element that detects that light emitted from the light emitting element is scattered or attenuated by smoke. and a thermally deformable body that deforms due to heat, and by fixing the light emitting element or the light receiving element on the thermally deformable body, when a fire occurs, the heat is sensed and the heat deformable body is deformed, and the light emitting element is A composite type characterized by comprising a heat-sensitive displacement means for displacing the position or direction of the element or light-receiving element, and configured to detect fire by detecting smoke and heat using the smoke detection means and the heat-sensitive displacement means. fire detector. 2. The composite fire detector according to item 1 above, wherein the thermally deformable body is made of a shape memory material.