JPS6412295B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a thermoplastic resin molded article with a modified surface. For more details,
Adds anti-fog properties to the surface of thermoplastic resin molded products,
The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a molded article that aims to maintain this antifogging property over a long period of time. Conventionally, various thermoplastic resins have been industrially manufactured and used in a wide range of fields. Many of the molded products made from these thermoplastic resins have hydrophobic surfaces, so the temperature at which the molded product is used,
Depending on conditions such as humidity, the surface may become cloudy.
This has caused various inconveniences. For example, goggles, safety masks, etc. that use synthetic resin lenses may become cloudy, making it difficult to see, and food packaging films may become cloudy, making it difficult to see the contents. In addition, with agricultural films used in greenhouses, cloudy weather impairs the penetration of sunlight, slowing down plant growth, and causing water droplets to fall on cultivated plants, causing damage to young shoots. , and may cause disease outbreaks. In order to eliminate such inconveniences, it is known that antifogging properties may be imparted to the surface of thermoplastic resin molded articles. In order to impart antifogging properties to the surface of a thermoplastic resin molded product, it is possible to knead a hydrophilic substance such as a surfactant into the thermoplastic synthetic resin to make the molded product, or to add antifogging properties to the surface of the molded product after forming the molded product. ,
A method of applying a hydrophilic substance or a water-soluble polymer has been adopted. However, in the former method, the hydrophilic substance kneaded into the thermoplastic resin exudes onto the surface of the molded product and coordinates, giving the molded product antifogging properties, but it is washed away by water. This has the disadvantage that the antifogging properties deteriorate over time. On the other hand, in the latter method, the applied hydrophilic substance or water-soluble polymer is easily soluble in water, so it exhibits excellent antifogging properties immediately after application, but it is easily washed away by water and takes time. Antifogging properties decrease over time. In order to solve this problem, attempts have been made to reduce the water solubility of the hydrophilic substance or water-soluble polymer to be applied, but this also reduces the anti-fogging properties themselves. This cannot be said to be a satisfactory improvement method. In addition, a method has been proposed in which a water-soluble polymer applied to the surface of a molded article is crosslinked to reduce its solubility in water. However, this method is only applicable to water-soluble polymers with a specific structure, and it requires a cross-linking reaction to occur on the coated surface after it is applied to the surface of the molded product, making the process complicated. , it is not a preferable method. Under such circumstances, the present inventors have provided an industrially advantageous method for imparting antifogging properties to the surface of a thermoplastic resin molded product and maintaining this antifogging property over a long period of time. It was completed as a result of intensive study. However, the gist of the present invention is that, in producing a thermoplastic resin molded article with a modified surface, a film of a cationic polymer electrolyte that is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents is applied to the surface of the molded article. The present invention relates to a method for producing a surface-modified thermoplastic resin molded product, which comprises forming a film and adsorbing an anionic polymer electrolyte onto the film. The present invention will be described in detail below. In the present invention, thermoplastic resins include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polycarbonate, polyamides, polyacetal, polyesters, etc. However, it is not limited to these examples. In the present invention, the molded product may be any molded product made of the above thermoplastic resin, and there are no restrictions on the shape, dimensions, etc. of the molded product. Among molded products, films, sheets, plates, etc. are preferred because the present invention can be easily applied thereto. In the present invention, first, a film of a cationic polymer electrolyte that is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents is formed on at least one surface of a thermoplastic resin molded article. This cationic polymer electrolyte film functions to adsorb an anionic polymer electrolyte, which will be described later. It is necessary to select a cationic polymer electrolyte that is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. If it is soluble in water, it will dissolve in water and be washed away, making it impossible to maintain the antifogging properties of the molded product, which is undesirable.If it is not soluble in organic solvents, it will form a film on the surface of the molded product. This is because it is difficult. Generally, what is called a polymer electrolyte is
It is a polymer substance with many ionizable groups, and when dissolved in water, it dissociates into highly charged polymer ions and low molecular ions. Polyelectrolytes with many ionizable groups are soluble in water but insoluble in common organic solvents. When such a polymer electrolyte is applied to the surface of a molded article, it dissolves in water adhering to the surface of the molded article and is washed away. Even if it is a polymer electrolyte, reducing the number of ionizable groups will cause a significant change in its solubility in solvents; it is insoluble in water, and in some organic solvents,
For example, it exhibits the property of being soluble in polar solvents and mixtures of polar solvents and water, and exhibits the properties of polymer electrolytes in these solvents. A cationic polymer electrolyte that is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents can be produced by any of the following methods. (1) A method of copolymerizing a monomer with a cationic ionizable group and a vinyl monomer without an ionizable group. For example, a method of copolymerizing trimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternary ammonium salt and a vinyl monomer. Examples of copolymerizable vinyl monomers include methyl meacrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-
Acrylic acid alkyl esters such as propyl acrylate, i-propyl acrylate, i-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, i-propyl methacrylate, i- Butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, 2
- Methacrylic acid alkyl esters such as ethylhexyl methacrylate; hydroxyl group-containing acrylic acid alkyl esters such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, diethylene glycol monoacrylate, triethylene glycol monoacrylate, and tetraethylene glycol monoacrylate ; Examples include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, styrene, vinyl chloride, etc., but are not limited to these examples. In order to produce the copolymer, conventionally known methods such as suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization, and bulk polymerization can be employed. (2) A method in which a vinyl monomer that does not have an ionizable group is grafted onto a cationic polymer electrolyte. Examples of the cationic polymer electrolyte include polyethyleneimine, polyamine, cationized starch, chitosan, polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride, polythiourea, polyvinylpyridine, Mannitz-modified polyacrylamide, and polyaminoalkyl methacrylate. These are dissolved or dispersed in a mixture of an organic solvent and water, and the vinyl monomers listed in (1) are grafted onto the mixture. (3) A method of introducing amino groups and quaternary ammonium groups into polymers that do not have ionizing groups. For example, a method in which polyvinyl chloride and an aliphatic amine such as tetraethylenepentamine are reacted in an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran. In the method of the present invention, a cationic polymer electrolyte film produced by the above method that is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents is formed on the surface of a molded article. The film formed on the surface of the molded article may cover the entire surface, or may cover only a portion of the surface. To form a film on the surface of a molded article, the water-insoluble, organic solvent-soluble cationic polymer electrolyte is dissolved in an organic solvent and applied to the molded article. Examples of organic solvents that can be used in this case include tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methylene chloride, cyclohexanone, isopropyl alcohol, dimethylformamide, and acetone. these are,
It can be used alone or mixed with water. As a method for forming a film on the surface of a molded product, a method can be employed in which coating is applied by a technique normally employed for forming this kind of film, and an organic solvent is scattered. The coating method can be appropriately selected from roll coating, spray coating, dip coating, knife coating, etc. depending on the shape and size of the molded product. To scatter the organic solvent, a hot air drying method or a drying method using infrared irradiation can be employed. The thickness of the film thus formed on the surface of the molded article is preferably in the range of several microns to several tens of microns. In the present invention, an anionic polymer electrolyte is adsorbed onto the film formed on the surface of the molded article by the above method. This is because the cationic polymer electrolyte previously formed on the surface of the molded product is insoluble in water, so it alone cannot impart antifogging properties to the surface of the molded product. Anionic polymer electrolytes have carboxyl groups, sulfon groups, etc. as ionizable groups in the molecular chain of the polymer, and the polymer has a negative charge in an aqueous solution. Specifically, sodium alginate,
Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, cellulose sulfate salt, polyacrylic acid and its sodium salt, polymethacrylic acid and its sodium salt, maleic acid copolymer sodium salt, polystyrene sulfonic acid sodium salt, polyacrylamide partial hydrolyzate Examples include sodium salts of, but are not limited to these examples. In order to adsorb the above-mentioned anionic polymer electrolyte onto the film previously formed on the surface of the molded product, the anionic polymer electrolyte is dissolved in water or a specific organic solvent such as alcohol, and then When a cationic polymer electrolyte film is formed on the surface of the product, it can be applied in the same manner. The ionizing groups of the anionic polymer electrolyte and the ionizing groups of the cationic polymer electrolyte film already formed on the surface of the molded product do not need to correspond exactly, and the ionizing groups of the anionic polymer electrolyte are overwhelming. It may be as many as possible. The present invention has the following effects and has extremely great industrial utility value. (1) The method of the present invention involves forming a film of a cationic polymer electrolyte that is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents on the surface of a thermoplastic resin molded article, and on this film,
Since a method of adsorbing an anionic polymer electrolyte is adopted, the manufacturing process is not complicated and is industrially advantageous. (2) Since the surface of the molded article obtained by the method of the present invention is modified by the combination of the cationic polymer electrolyte and the anionic polymer electrolyte, the surface of the molded article is wettable. Since the water droplets adhering to the surface of the molded product are formed into a thin film, the molded product has excellent antifogging properties. (3) On the surface of the molded product obtained by the method of the present invention, the film formed as a base is made of a water-insoluble cationic polymer electrolyte, so this film will not be washed away by water. . In addition, since the anionic polymer electrolyte adsorbed on this film is ionically adsorbed with the cationic polymer electrolyte, it is also difficult to be washed away by water. As a result, the anti-fogging properties of the molded product surface are
Lasts for a long time. Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist thereof. Note that the cationic polymer electrolyte used in the following examples was synthesized according to the synthesis example shown below. Synthesis Example 1 (Synthesis of vinyl chloride-based cationic polymer electrolyte) Polyvinyl chloride (=1050) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran to obtain a 2% by weight solution of polyvinyl chloride. 31 g of tetraethylenepentamine was added to 500 ml of this solution, and the mixture was refluxed at a temperature of 70° C. for 53.5 hours to cause a reaction. Distilled water was added to the reaction solution to cause precipitation, purification was performed, and vacuum drying was performed at 50°C for 24 hours. Nitrogen analysis of the purified product revealed that the nitrogen content was 0.52% by weight. This product was insoluble in water and also in tetrahydrofuran, which is a solvent for polyvinyl chloride, but was soluble in a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran and water in a weight ratio of 8:1. The product was dissolved in a mixed solvent with a weight ratio of tetrahydrofuran and water of 8:1 to form a 2% by weight solution. Synthesis Example 2 (Synthesis of acrylic cationic polymer electrolyte) 250 g of isopropyl alcohol was added to a 500 ml three-necked flask equipped with a reflux device and a stirrer. To this was added a mixture consisting of 60 g of methyl methacrylate, 30 g of butyl methacrylate, 10 g of trimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternary salt, and 0.5 g of benzoyl peroxide, and the mixture was reacted at a temperature of 80° C. for 7 hours under a nitrogen stream. The product was insoluble in water and soluble in acetone, alcohols, ethyl acetate, etc. Dissolve the product in isopropyl alcohol and add 2
% solution by weight. Synthesis example 3 (Synthesis of styrene-based cationic polymer electrolyte) General-purpose polystyrene (Mitsubishi Monsanto Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Dialex HF77) 26g, carbon tetrachloride
500ml, add 107g of chlordimethyl ether and 6g of zinc chloride as a catalyst to this solution,
The reaction was carried out at 50°C for 5 hours to obtain partially chloromethylated polystyrene. Then, this partially chloromethylated polystyrene
5g was dissolved in 155ml of dioxane, 72.6g of triethylamine was added, and the mixture was reacted at 50°C for 50 hours. The nitrogen content of the product was 1.4% by weight, and it was determined to be polystyrene containing approximately 10 mol% benzyltriethylammonium chloride. This substance is insoluble in water, alcohol,
It was soluble in dimethylformamide, methylene chloride, cyclohexane, etc. Dissolve the product in isopropyl alcohol and add 2
% solution by weight. Examples 1 to 7 One side of a 0.1 mm thick soft polyvinyl chloride film (manufactured by Mitsubishi Monsanto Chemical Co., Ltd., dripped vinyl) was coated with the cationic polymer electrolyte shown in the synthesis example (2% by weight in each case). (solution) was applied by roll coating and dried at a temperature of 120°C. A film of cationic polymer electrolyte was formed on one side of the film as above, and 1% by weight aqueous solutions of various anionic polymer electrolytes were spray coated onto this film as shown in Table 1. It was then applied and dried at a temperature of 80°C. The film prepared in this manner was spread over a water tank kept at a water temperature of 50°C, with the coated side facing down, at an angle of 5 degrees with respect to the water surface, and water droplets were applied to the film coated surface. The condensation status was observed with the naked eye. Table 1 shows the observation results of antifogging properties over time. In Table 1, the indication of anti-fog durability has the following meanings. A: Those exhibiting anti-fogging properties equivalent to those showing the most excellent anti-fogging properties immediately after spreading. B: Showing anti-fogging properties of about 80% based on the one showing the best anti-fogging properties immediately after spreading. C: Showing about 60% anti-fog property based on the one that showed the best anti-fog property immediately after spreading. D: Showing about 40% anti-fogging property based on the one showing the best anti-fogging property immediately after spreading. E: Those exhibiting anti-fogging properties of about 20% or less based on those exhibiting the most excellent anti-fogging properties immediately after spreading. Comparative Examples 1 to 3 The same soft polyvinyl chloride film used in the above examples was coated with a cationic polymer electrolyte film that was insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents (Comparative Example 1); A film was formed in the same manner as described in the above example using a 2% by weight acidic aqueous solution of chitosan, which is a water-soluble cationic polymer electrolyte (Comparative Example 2), and a film was formed in Synthesis Example 1. A film was prepared using the prepared material (Comparative Example 3). Two of these three types of films (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) were further adsorbed with an anionic polymer electrolyte in the same manner as described in the above example. These three types of films were also evaluated for antifogging durability using the same method as shown in the above examples.
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Table] From Table 1, the following is clear. (1) The molded article obtained by the method of the present invention has significantly superior surface wettability and therefore exhibits excellent antifogging properties. (2) The antifogging properties of the molded articles obtained by the method of the present invention do not deteriorate significantly over time, and therefore the antifogging properties are excellent. (3) On the other hand, those shown in Comparative Examples (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) have poor surface wettability and poor anti-fog durability. Moreover, what is shown in Comparative Example 3 is
Surface wettability is poor and antifogging properties are not excellent. Examples 8 to 14 A cationic polymer electrolyte shown in the above synthesis example (both 2% by weight solution) was coated on one side of a biaxially oriented polystyrene sheet (manufactured by Mitsubishi Monsanto Chemical Co., Ltd., Santo Clear) with a thickness of 0.18 mm. ) was applied by roll coating and dried at a temperature of 80°C. A film of cationic polymer electrolyte was formed on one side of the sheet in this way, and 1% by weight aqueous solutions of various anionic polymer electrolytes prepared separately were sprayed onto this film as shown in Table 2. It was applied by a coating method and dried at a temperature of 70°C. The sheet prepared as above was spread on a water tank kept at 50°C with the coated side facing the water side and tilted at 5 degrees with respect to the water surface in the same manner as shown in Examples 1 to 7. The state of condensation of water droplets on the sheet coating surface was observed with the naked eye. Observation results of anti-fog properties over time.
It is shown in Table 2. The indication of anti-fog durability in Table 2 has the same meaning as in Table 1. Comparative Examples 4 and 5 Biaxially oriented polystyrene sheets of the same type as those used in the above examples were coated with a cationic polymer electrolyte film that is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents (Comparative Example 4). A film was formed using a 2% by weight acidic aqueous solution of chitosan, which is a water-soluble cationic polymer electrolyte, in the same manner as described in the above example (Comparative Example 5). Got ready. An anionic polymer electrolyte was further adsorbed on these two types of sheets in the same manner as described in the above example. These two types of sheets were also evaluated for antifogging durability using the same method as shown in the above example. The results are shown in Table 2.

[Table] Although the type of thermoplastic resin in the molded product is different from that shown in Table 1, what is clear from Table 1 corresponds to what is clear from Table 2. .

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In producing a surface-modified thermoplastic resin molded article, a film of a cationic polymer electrolyte that is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents is formed on the surface of the molded article, and this A method for producing a surface-modified thermoplastic resin molded article, which comprises adsorbing an anionic polymer electrolyte onto a film. 2. The method for producing a surface-modified thermoplastic resin molded article according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic synthetic resin molded article is a film, a sheet, or a plate.