JPS645655B2 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JPS645655B2 JPS645655B2 JP74182A JP74182A JPS645655B2 JP S645655 B2 JPS645655 B2 JP S645655B2 JP 74182 A JP74182 A JP 74182A JP 74182 A JP74182 A JP 74182A JP S645655 B2 JPS645655 B2 JP S645655B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fish
- sound pressure
- power
- amount
- received sound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/96—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for locating fish
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、魚群量を測定する方法に係り、特に
複数の超音波パルスを使用し、受波エコーのパワ
ーを加算平均することにより精度の良い測定が可
能な、周波数ダイバシチ方式による魚群量測定方
法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for measuring the amount of fish, and in particular to a method for measuring the amount of fish at a frequency that enables accurate measurement by using a plurality of ultrasonic pulses and averaging the power of received echoes. This article relates to a method for measuring the amount of fish using the diversity method.
従来の超音波を利用した積分方式による魚群量
測定方法は、魚群の平均尾数密度を水中の魚群か
らの反射エコーの受波音圧のパワーから得る方法
であり、注目する距離Xe付近における魚群の平
均尾数密度は、受信電圧を電気音響係数、距離に
関する係数、単体反射率を考慮して処理すること
により得られる。すなわと魚群の平均尾数密度を
ｎとすると、
ｎ＝X2／e・100.2〓Xe／πCτe（PeMGr）2・（１−co
sθe）・r2・E2 r
……(1)
で与えられる。ここでErは受信器の前置増幅器
の出力電圧であり、受波音圧Prと受波器の受波
感度Ｍ，受信器利得Grを用いて次式で示される。 The conventional fish school mass measurement method using an integral method using ultrasonic waves is a method that obtains the average number density of a school of fish from the power of the received sound pressure of the reflected echo from the underwater school of fish. The tail number density is obtained by processing the received voltage in consideration of electroacoustic coefficients, distance-related coefficients, and single reflectance. Letting n be the average number of fish in the school of fish, n=X 2 / e・10 0.2 〓 Xe / πCτe (PeMGr) 2・(1−co
sθe)・r 2・E 2 r ...(1) is given. Here, Er is the output voltage of the preamplifier of the receiver, and is expressed by the following equation using the received sound pressure Pr, the receiver sensitivity M, and the receiver gain Gr.
Er＝Pr・Ｍ・Gr ……(2)
魚群からの反射エコーの受波音圧の瞬時値pr
は、パルス幅内の標的魚からの反射エコーの音圧
を合成された値であり、次式で与えられる。 E r =P r・M・G r ……(2) Instantaneous value p r of the received sound pressure of the reflected echo from the fish school
is the value obtained by synthesizing the sound pressure of the reflected echo from the target fish within the pulse width, and is given by the following equation.
pr＝N
〓i=1
Pri sin（ωt＋i） ……(3)
また、受波音圧のパワーの瞬時値Pr2は次式で
与えられる。 p r = N 〓 i=1 Pri sin (ωt + i) ... (3) Moreover, the instantaneous value Pr 2 of the power of the received sound pressure is given by the following formula.
Pr2＝N
〓i=1
Pri2＋N
〓i=j
Pri・Prj cos（i−j）
……(4)
ここで、PriおよびPrjはそれぞれｉ魚およびｊ
魚の反射強度であり、i，jは搬送波ωにおける
ｉ魚とｊ魚の初期位相である。 Pr 2 = N 〓 i=1 Pri 2 + N 〓 i=j Pri・Prj cos(i−j) ……(4) Here, Pri and Prj are i fish and j
It is the reflection intensity of the fish, and i and j are the initial phases of the i fish and the j fish in the carrier wave ω.
(4)式における右辺の第１項は、標的魚からの反
射強度の和であり、魚群量に対応しているので、
受波音圧のパワーの基本成分と定義されている。
右辺の第２項は、標的魚相互の音波の干渉によつ
て生じ、平均値が零で、正，負の値をとる信号で
あり、受波音圧のパワーの干渉成分と定義されて
いる。干渉成分は魚群量計測において誤差を生ず
る原因となつている。(1)式から(4)式については、
「農林水産省水産工学研究所報告」第１号（昭和
55年３月）に詳述されている。 The first term on the right side of equation (4) is the sum of the reflection intensities from the target fish and corresponds to the amount of fish schools, so
It is defined as the fundamental component of the power of the received sound pressure.
The second term on the right side is a signal that occurs due to the interference of sound waves between the target fish, has an average value of zero, and takes positive and negative values, and is defined as an interference component of the power of the received sound pressure. Interference components are a cause of errors in fish abundance measurements. Regarding equations (1) to (4),
“Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Fisheries Engineering Research Institute Report” No. 1 (Showa
(March 1955).
第２図は、受波音圧のパワーの瞬時値とその基
本成分及び干渉成分を示す模式図であり、ａは電
圧、ｂは時間（水深に対応）、ｃは干渉成分、ｄ
は基本成分、ｅは瞬時パワーを示している。実際
に検出される受波音圧のパワーの瞬時値は、干渉
成分の為に不規則に変動しており、何らかの平均
処理が必要なことがわかる。 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the instantaneous value of the power of the received sound pressure, its basic component, and interference component, where a is voltage, b is time (corresponding to water depth), c is interference component, and d
is the fundamental component and e is the instantaneous power. It can be seen that the instantaneous value of the power of the received sound pressure that is actually detected fluctuates irregularly due to interference components, and that some kind of averaging processing is required.
このような従来の魚群量測定方法においては、
単一の周波数を搬送波としているため、干渉成分
を瞬時に除去することは不可能であり、多数回の
送信に対する各受波音圧パワーを送信時からの時
間軸を揃えて集合平均することにより干渉成分を
除去し、基本成分を得ていた。しかしながら、こ
の方法によると、受波音圧パワーの基本成分を得
るのに時間がかかるという難点があり、魚群の分
布状態の微細構造を測定する場合や、高速で魚群
量を測定する場合、正確な魚群量を測定すること
が困難であつた。 In this conventional method of measuring the amount of fish,
Since the carrier wave is a single frequency, it is impossible to remove the interference components instantly.The interference components are removed by collectively averaging the received sound pressure power for multiple transmissions, aligning the time axes from the time of transmission. The basic components were obtained by removing the components. However, this method has the disadvantage that it takes time to obtain the basic component of the received sound pressure power, and it is difficult to obtain accurate information when measuring the fine structure of the distribution of fish schools or when measuring the amount of fish schools at high speed. It was difficult to measure the amount of fish.
本発明は、以上の問題点を解決するものであ
り、複数の周波数を搬送波とする超音波パルスを
同時または時分割で送信し、その搬送周波数毎の
受波音圧パワーを加算平均する周波数ダイバーシ
チ方式を採用することにより集合平均操作をする
こと無く、瞬時に干渉成分を除去し受信毎に魚群
量を正確に測定することを目的とするものであ
る。 The present invention solves the above problems and uses a frequency diversity method in which ultrasonic pulses having multiple frequencies as carrier waves are transmitted simultaneously or in a time-division manner, and the received sound pressure power for each carrier frequency is averaged. By adopting this method, the aim is to instantly remove interference components and accurately measure the amount of fish each time it is received, without performing a set averaging operation.
第３図は、魚群量計測における周波数ダイバー
シチ方式の有効性を示す模式図であり、搬送波の
数を変化させた場合の、基本成分と加算平均処理
後の信号を示している。図中、ａは電圧、ｂは時
間（水深に対応）、ｄは基本成分であり、ｆは加
算平均処理後の信号である。周波数ダイバーシチ
方式を採用した場合、(4)式のi，jは周波数毎に
異なるので、（i−j）が零から2πの範囲で一様
に分布する。従つてcos（i−j）の加算平均値は
零に収束することにより、N
〓i=j
PriPrj cos（i−j）
も零に収束するので、(4)式は干渉成分が除去さ
れ、基本成分のみとなる。 FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the effectiveness of the frequency diversity method in measuring the amount of fish, and shows the fundamental components and the signal after averaging processing when the number of carrier waves is changed. In the figure, a is a voltage, b is a time (corresponding to water depth), d is a basic component, and f is a signal after averaging processing. When the frequency diversity method is adopted, since i and j in equation (4) differ depending on the frequency, (i−j) is uniformly distributed in the range from zero to 2π. Therefore, the average value of cos(i−j) converges to zero, so N 〓 i=j PriPrj cos(i−j)
also converges to zero, so the interference component is removed from equation (4), leaving only the fundamental component.
Pr2〜N
〓i=1
Pfi2 ……(5)
以下第１図に示す本発明の一実施例につき詳説
する。 Pr 2 ~ N 〓 i=1 Pfi 2 ...(5) An embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 will be explained in detail below.
本発明の実施例を示すブロツク回路図におい
て、１は送信パルス発生回路、２〜２″は送信の
ための電力増巾回路、３〜３″は送受波器、４〜
４″はフイルタリングのための増巾回路、５〜
５″は各周波数毎のフイルター回路、６〜６″は前
置増巾回路、７〜７″は伝播減衰を補正するSTC
回路、８〜８″は直線検波回路、９は各周波数毎
の受波電圧を加算する加算平均回路、１０は２乗
回路、１１は積分回路、１２はＡ／Ｄ変換回路、
１３は演算部、１４は表示部をそれぞれ示す。 In the block circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, 1 is a transmission pulse generation circuit, 2 to 2'' are power amplification circuits for transmission, 3 to 3'' are transducers, and 4 to
4″ is an amplification circuit for filtering, 5~
5" is a filter circuit for each frequency, 6 to 6" is a preamplifier circuit, and 7 to 7" is an STC that corrects propagation attenuation.
circuits, 8 to 8'' are linear detection circuits, 9 is an averaging circuit that adds the received voltage for each frequency, 10 is a square circuit, 11 is an integration circuit, 12 is an A/D conversion circuit,
Reference numeral 13 indicates a calculation section, and 14 indicates a display section.
次に、該ブロツク回路の動作について説明する
と、送信は複数の周波数を搬送波とする送信パル
スを同時に別々の送波器から送信し、受信は各周
波数毎に別々の受波器で行なうものと仮定して説
明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものでな
く、送信・受信毎に時分割で行なつても良く、又
各周波数を分離せず、各周波数の合成波を用いて
も良い。 Next, to explain the operation of this block circuit, it is assumed that transmission pulses with multiple frequencies as carrier waves are simultaneously transmitted from separate transmitters, and reception is performed using separate receivers for each frequency. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the transmission and reception may be performed in a time-division manner, or a composite wave of each frequency may be used instead of separating each frequency. .
先ず、送信パルス発生回路１で作成し、電力増
巾回路２〜２″で電力増巾された後、各周波数に
同調された送受波器３〜３″を介して送信された
違なる周波数を搬送波とする複数の超音波パルス
は、前記送受波器３〜３″で各周波数毎に受信さ
れる。受信された各周波数毎の受波音圧は４〜
４″でフイルタリングを行なうために適当なレベ
ルまで増巾され、５〜５″のフイルター回路でフ
イルタリングされ、前置増巾回路６〜６″で所定
のレベルまで増巾されて(2)式のErを得る。次に
７〜７″のTVG（Time、varied Gain）回路で伝
播減衰の補正を行い、８〜８″の直線検波回路で
直線検波された後、９の加算平均回路で搬送周波
数毎の検波出力が加算平均される。加算平均され
た直流分は10の２乗回路で２乗され、受波音圧の
瞬時パワーが得られる。この瞬時パワーは干渉成
分が除去され基本成分に近い値となつている。こ
れは(4)式の干渉成分におけるcos（i−j）はパル
ス巾内のｉ魚とｊ魚の搬送波における位相差によ
り決まる値であり、使用する周波数が多い程、
cos（i−j）の加算平均値は零に近づき、干渉成
分が無視出来ることによる。この結果、従来方式
の様に送信から時間軸を揃えて集合平均すること
無く、瞬時に受波音圧パワーの基本成分が得られ
る。２乗回路の出力は11の積分回路で注目する距
離Xe付近でパルス幅に対応した積分処理され、
Ａ／Ｄ変換回路１２でデジタル信号に変換されて
演算部１３へ送出される。演算部１３では、(1)式
の右辺の演算を行なうことにより平均尾数密度ｎ
が算出される。また、積分回路１１の出力は表示
部１４へ送出され、受信音圧の瞬時パワーの基本
成分がアナログ表示される。表示部１４では、演
算部１３の演算結果も同時に表示される。 First, different frequencies are generated by the transmission pulse generation circuit 1, amplified in power by the power amplification circuits 2 to 2'', and then transmitted via transducers 3 to 3'' tuned to each frequency. A plurality of ultrasonic pulses as carrier waves are received at each frequency by the transducer 3~3''.The received sound pressure for each received frequency is 4~3''.
It is amplified to an appropriate level for filtering with 4", filtered with a 5-5" filter circuit, and amplified to a predetermined level with a pre-amplifier circuit 6-6" (2) Obtain the Er of the equation. Next, correct the propagation attenuation with a 7 to 7" TVG (Time, variable gain) circuit, linearly detect it with an 8 to 8" linear detection circuit, and then use the 9 averaging circuit to correct the propagation attenuation. The detection output for each carrier frequency is added and averaged.The added and averaged DC component is squared by a 10 square circuit to obtain the instantaneous power of the received sound pressure.This instantaneous power has interference components removed and the fundamental component This is because cos(i-j) in the interference component in equation (4) is determined by the phase difference in the carrier waves of fish i and fish j within the pulse width, and the more frequencies used, the more ,
This is because the average value of cos(i−j) approaches zero, and the interference component can be ignored. As a result, the fundamental component of the received sound pressure power can be obtained instantaneously, without aligning the time axes from transmission and performing collective averaging as in the conventional method. The output of the squaring circuit is subjected to integration processing corresponding to the pulse width near the distance Xe of interest in 11 integration circuits,
The A/D conversion circuit 12 converts the signal into a digital signal and sends it to the arithmetic unit 13. The calculation unit 13 calculates the average tail number density n by calculating the right side of equation (1).
is calculated. Further, the output of the integrating circuit 11 is sent to the display unit 14, and the fundamental component of the instantaneous power of the received sound pressure is displayed in analog form. On the display section 14, the calculation results of the calculation section 13 are also displayed at the same time.
第４図は、第１図における主要回路の出力波形
図であり、座標の縦軸は電圧、横軸は時間（水深
に対応）である。ｇ〜g″は直線検波回路８〜８″
からの出力波形であり、周波数により波形が異な
つている。ｈは加算平均回路９からの出力波形で
あり、ｉは２乗回路１０の、ｊは積分回路１１か
らの出力波形であり、基本成分に等しい値となつ
ている。 FIG. 4 is an output waveform diagram of the main circuit in FIG. 1, where the vertical axis of coordinates is voltage and the horizontal axis is time (corresponding to water depth). g~g'' is a linear detection circuit 8~8''
This is the output waveform from , and the waveform differs depending on the frequency. h is the output waveform from the averaging circuit 9, i is the output waveform from the squaring circuit 10, and j is the output waveform from the integrating circuit 11, each having a value equal to the fundamental component.
以上説明した様に、本発明によれば、複数の周
波数を搬送波とする超音波パルスを使用し、搬送
周波数毎の受波音圧の瞬時パワーを加算平均する
周波数ダイバーシチ方式を採用する事により集合
平均操作をすることなく、干渉成分を瞬時に除去
することによつて受信毎に正確な魚群量が測定で
きるという効果が得られる。 As explained above, according to the present invention, ultrasonic pulses with multiple frequencies as carrier waves are used, and by adopting a frequency diversity method that adds and averages the instantaneous power of the received sound pressure for each carrier frequency, collective By instantly removing interference components without any operation, it is possible to accurately measure the amount of fish each time it is received.
第１図は、本発明魚群量測定方法の一実施例を
説明するためのブロツク回路図、第２図は受波音
圧のパワーの瞬時値とその基本成分、干渉成分と
を示す図、第３図は魚群量測定における周波数ダ
イバーシチ方式の効果を示す図、第４図は第１図
における主要回路の出力波形図である。
１……送信パルス発生回路、２〜２″……電力
増巾回路、３〜３″……送受波器、４〜４″……増
巾回路、５〜５″……フイルター回路、６〜６″…
…前置増巾回路、７〜７″……STC回路、８〜
８″……直線検波回路、９……加算平均回路、１
０……２乗回路、１１……積分回路、１２……
Ａ／Ｄ変換回路、１３……演算部、１４……表示
部。
FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram for explaining an embodiment of the method for measuring the amount of fish according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the instantaneous value of the power of the received sound pressure, its basic component, and interference component. The figure shows the effect of the frequency diversity method in measuring the amount of fish in a school, and FIG. 4 is an output waveform diagram of the main circuit in FIG. 1. 1... Transmission pulse generation circuit, 2~2''...Power amplification circuit, 3~3''...Transducer/receiver, 4~4''...Amplification circuit, 5~5''...Filter circuit, 6~ 6″…
...Pre-width amplifier circuit, 7~7''...STC circuit, 8~
8″...Linear detection circuit, 9...Additional averaging circuit, 1
0...square circuit, 11...integrator circuit, 12...
A/D conversion circuit, 13... calculation section, 14... display section.
Claims (1)
ワーの干渉成分を除去して魚群量に対応する受波
音圧のパワーの基本成分のみを検出し、該基本成
分に対して電気音響係数の補正を行なう事により
魚群量を測定する超音波を利用した魚群量測定方
法において、複数の周波数を搬送波とする複数の
超音波パルスを同時または時分割で送信する手段
と、該複数周波数の受波音圧のパワーの伝播減衰
を自動的に補正する手段と、該補正された複数の
受波音圧のパワーを加算平均する事により基本成
分のみを検出する手段と、該受波音圧のパワーの
基本成分に電気音響係数の処理をする手段とを具
備する事により、前記干渉成分を瞬時に除去して
受信毎に正確な魚群量の測定を行なう事を特徴と
する魚群量測定方法。1. Remove the interference component of the power of the sound pressure caused by mutual sound wave interference between fish bodies, detect only the fundamental component of the power of the received sound pressure corresponding to the amount of fish, and correct the electroacoustic coefficient for this fundamental component. A method for measuring the amount of fish schools using ultrasonic waves that measures the amount of fish schools by performing the following steps: a means for simultaneously or time-divisionally transmitting multiple ultrasonic pulses having multiple frequencies as carrier waves; and a received sound pressure of the multiple frequencies. means for automatically correcting propagation attenuation of the power of the received sound pressure, means for detecting only the fundamental component by averaging the corrected powers of the plurality of received sound pressures, and means for detecting only the fundamental component of the power of the received sound pressure. A method for measuring the amount of fish, characterized in that the amount of fish is measured accurately every time the interference component is received by instantly removing the interference component by processing an electroacoustic coefficient.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP74182A JPS58118975A (en) | 1982-01-06 | 1982-01-06 | Fish shoal quantity measuring method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP74182A JPS58118975A (en) | 1982-01-06 | 1982-01-06 | Fish shoal quantity measuring method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58118975A JPS58118975A (en) | 1983-07-15 |
| JPS645655B2 true JPS645655B2 (en) | 1989-01-31 |
Family
ID=11482133
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP74182A Granted JPS58118975A (en) | 1982-01-06 | 1982-01-06 | Fish shoal quantity measuring method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58118975A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3930166B2 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2007-06-13 | 株式会社カイジョーソニック | Weighing fish finder |
| CN104536007B (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2017-05-24 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Fish identification method based on multi-perspective acoustic data |
-
1982
- 1982-01-06 JP JP74182A patent/JPS58118975A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS58118975A (en) | 1983-07-15 |
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