JPS64575B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS64575B2 JPS64575B2 JP58233703A JP23370383A JPS64575B2 JP S64575 B2 JPS64575 B2 JP S64575B2 JP 58233703 A JP58233703 A JP 58233703A JP 23370383 A JP23370383 A JP 23370383A JP S64575 B2 JPS64575 B2 JP S64575B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- engine
- alcohol
- main component
- lower alcohol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 naphtha Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1 -dodecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002595 cold damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B7/00—Engines characterised by the fuel-air charge being ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel
- F02B7/02—Engines characterised by the fuel-air charge being ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel the fuel in the charge being liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
- F02D19/0649—Liquid fuels having different boiling temperatures, volatilities, densities, viscosities, cetane or octane numbers
- F02D19/0652—Biofuels, e.g. plant oils
- F02D19/0655—Biofuels, e.g. plant oils at least one fuel being an alcohol, e.g. ethanol
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
- F02D19/081—Adjusting the fuel composition or mixing ratio; Transitioning from one fuel to the other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02D19/0686—Injectors
- F02D19/0694—Injectors operating with a plurality of fuels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
本発明は、低級アルコール系燃料をデイーゼル
エンジン用燃料として使用する際、良好な着火を
行わせて該エンジンを運転する方法に関するもの
である。
メタノールあるいはエタノールは、従来の石油
系燃料の補助又は代替燃料として有望である。即
ち、天然ガス、石炭ガス化により発生する一酸化
炭素、水素、メタン、エタンを原料として大量生
産でき、あるいはとうもろこし、海そう等の醗酵
によつても安価生産でき、資源的に豊富である。
従来、ガソホールとしてガソリンエンジン用燃料
として使用されている。一方デイーゼルエンジン
用燃料は圧縮点火を良好に行わせる上で、自己着
火温度が適度に低いことが必要である。通常の軽
油の自己着火温度は約250〜260℃である。しかし
ながらメタノール、エタノールのそれは、約420
〜460℃であり、これらをデイーゼルエンジン用
燃料として用いることは困難である。原油から得
られる軽油の量には制限があるため、メタノール
等を良好に燃焼させる技術はきわめて望ましいこ
とである。
本発明は、以上の状況に鑑み研究し完成され
た。即ち、本発明の目的は低級アルコール類をデ
イーゼルエンジン（以下単にエンジンと略す。）
内で良好に燃焼させる方法を提供することにあ
る。
本発明は、低級アルコールを主成分とする液体
をデイーゼルエンジン用燃料として供給し運転す
る際に、炭素数３乃至15の飽和炭化水素を主成分
とする炭化水素油をエンジン近傍に設けた酸化触
媒で部分酸化して得た部分酸化物を連続的に少量
エンジンに供給し、燃焼させることを特徴とする
低級アルコール系燃料によるデイーゼルエンジン
の運転方法である。以下に本発明の内容をより詳
しく説明する。
本発明の低級アルコール類は、メタノール、エ
タノール、ｎ−プロピルアルコール、イソプロピ
ルアルコール、ｎ−ブタノール、ｔ−ブタノール
であり、これらの１種又は２種以上が単独又は他
の炭化水素燃料即ち、ナフサ、ガソリン、灯油、
軽油、ジエツト燃料等と混合されたものが該当す
る。とくに混合物の場合、アルコール類の割合が
50vol％以上含有したものに対し、本発明の方法
はとくに有効である。混合安定化のために、界面
活性剤を用いたものあるいはこれを水で乳化した
ものでもかまわない。
該アルコール類は主燃料としてエンジン内に慣
用手段で噴射される。
本発明では、該主燃料を良好に着火・燃焼させ
るために、炭化水素油の部分酸化物の少量が、エ
ンジンに供給される。該炭化水素油としては、炭
素数３乃至15を有する飽和炭化水素より成るもの
が使用される。具体的には、プロパン、ブタン、
ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、ノナ
ン、デカン、ウンデカン、ドデカン、トリデカン
等の１種又は２種以上の混合物である。実際的に
は、該成分を多量含有するところの液化石油ガ
ス、直留ナフサ、水素化されたナフサ、灯油、ケ
ロセン、ジエツト燃料等が挙げられる。これらに
は飽和炭化水素が少なくとも60wt％以上含有さ
れ、しかも直鎖状炭化水素が主体であるため、と
くに好ましい。飽和炭化水素の含有量は多い程、
着火性向上効果は大である。また酸化する際、反
応器内における触媒との接触効率を高める見地か
ら、沸点範囲が狭い方が好ましい。芳香族又は不
飽和炭化水素を多く含有する炭化水素油は効果が
低く、又反応器内に重合物又はコークを発生し易
く好ましくない。最も好ましいものは、直鎖状炭
化水素を50wt％以上含有し、沸点約０℃〜約200
℃の範囲の炭化水素油である。
該炭化水素油は、主燃料である低級アルコール
系燃料とは別の貯蔵容器に貯えられ、エンジン運
転中、連続的に酸化触媒反応器に少量供給され、
空気により部分酸化され、生成物がエンジン燃焼
室内に供給される。
第１図及び第２図は、本発明の方法の具対例で
ある。主燃料即ちアルコール系燃料は、容器６に
貯えられ、ポンプ７により加圧され噴射ノズル８
からエンジン１の燃料室３へ噴射される。
一方炭化水素油は容器９からポンプ１０によ
り、酸化触媒１２が充填されている反応器１１に
送られ、空気１３をとり入れ、接触部分酸化さ
れ、生成物は残部の空気と共に配管により吸気マ
ニホールド４に送られ、吸入空気と共に燃焼室に
導入される。
第２図は、酸化生成物を一担容器１４で空気分
離し、主燃料の供給配管１７に合流させた後、噴
射ノズル８から燃焼室へ噴射する方法である。該
反応器はエンジン近傍に設け、エンジン排気ガス
熱、ピストン圧縮による熱により加熱するのが好
ましい。
酸化触媒としてNi，Co，Cu，Fd，Pt，Ag，
Ｗ，Ru等の活性金属が金属状又は酸化物として
アルミナ、シリカ、アルミナ・シリカ、ジルコニ
ア、ボリヤ、ゼオライト、チタニア等又は鉄基合
金等に0.2〜10wt％担持された粒状又はハニカム
状成型された物、あるいは管内壁等に前記金属又
は金属酸化物が被膜形成された物が使用される。
粒状触媒は触媒容器に充填され、該反応器の触媒
は約70℃〜約220℃の温度に保持される。反応条
件の設定は、供給される炭化水素油の部分酸化程
度により決定される。即ち、部分酸化とは、酸化
の極く初期段階であり、冷災発生の段階の酸化状
態、要するにパーオキシラジカル生成、ハイドロ
パーオキシド生成、又はアルキルパーオキシド生
成段階の酸化状態であり、パーオキシド価が約
200以上好ましくは約500以上、より好ましくは約
1000以上であれば良い。アルコール又はアルデヒ
ドの生成又はそれ以上の強い酸化が行われたもの
は有効でない。よつて、反応条件は液空間速度１
〜103hr-1、常圧〜約2atm、温度約70〜約220℃
好ましくは約80〜約200℃とすれば良い。そして
供給される部分酸化生成物の量は、主燃料に対し
約５〜約40容量部より好ましくは約５〜30容量部
の範囲内で必要とする着火性向上度合に応じ選定
すれば良い。部分酸化生成物はエンジン作動中、
連続的に主燃料とライン混合し、噴射ノズルから
燃焼室へ供給するか、吸入空気系のマニホールド
部分に供給すれば良い。
本発明の方法によれば、メタノール、エタノー
ル等単独又はこれらを主成分とする燃料を、高い
セタン価相当の性能で良好に燃焼させることが可
能である。
以下に実施例にもとづき、本発明を説明する。
実施例
Waukesha社製CFRエンジン（Ｆ−５型）を以
下の条件で運転した。
主燃料：工業用メタノール60vol％と市販軽油
40vol％を混合し、層分離防止のため、ド
デカノール5vol％を更に加えたもの。
エンジン条件：回転数 900rpm
圧縮比 15.5
冷却水温 100℃
燃料噴射時期 14゜BTDC
主燃料供給量 13ml／min
該エンジンの近傍に以下の触媒反応器を設け、
反応器出口は吸気マニホールド部分に配管した。
該反応器に炭化水素油として、ｎ−ヘプタン、ｎ
−ドデセン、ナフサ、灯油及びトルエンを少量連
続供給し、空気を併せて供給し、部分酸化させ、
該部分酸化生成物を空気と共にエンジン吸気マニ
ホールドに導き入れた。
触媒反応器の条件
触媒：白金系酸化触媒（粒状アルミナに白金5wt
％担持）を500c.c.充填
酸化条件：温度 190℃
空気 25／min
炭化水素 0.5〜10.0ml／min
各々の条件で、主燃料の着火性向上度を測定し
た結果を表に示す。
The present invention relates to a method for operating a diesel engine with good ignition when lower alcohol fuel is used as the fuel for the diesel engine. Methanol or ethanol shows promise as a supplement or alternative to traditional petroleum-based fuels. That is, it can be mass-produced using natural gas, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, and ethane generated by coal gasification as raw materials, or can be produced at low cost by fermenting corn, seaweed, etc., and is an abundant resource.
Conventionally, gasohol has been used as a fuel for gasoline engines. On the other hand, diesel engine fuel needs to have an appropriately low self-ignition temperature in order to achieve good compression ignition. The self-ignition temperature of normal light oil is about 250-260℃. However, that of methanol and ethanol is about 420
~460°C, making it difficult to use these as fuel for diesel engines. Since there is a limit to the amount of light oil that can be obtained from crude oil, a technology that can efficiently burn methanol and the like is extremely desirable. The present invention was developed and completed in view of the above circumstances. That is, the purpose of the present invention is to convert lower alcohols into diesel engines (hereinafter simply referred to as engines).
The objective is to provide a method for good combustion within the combustion chamber. The present invention provides an oxidation catalyst in which a hydrocarbon oil containing a saturated hydrocarbon having a carbon number of 3 to 15 as a main component is provided near the engine when a diesel engine is operated with a liquid containing a lower alcohol as a main component. This method of operating a diesel engine using a lower alcohol fuel is characterized by continuously supplying a small amount of a partial oxide obtained by partial oxidation to the engine and combusting it. The content of the present invention will be explained in more detail below. The lower alcohols of the present invention are methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, and t-butanol, and one or more of these may be used alone or in combination with other hydrocarbon fuels, such as naphtha, gasoline, kerosene,
This applies to fuels mixed with diesel fuel, jet fuel, etc. Especially in the case of mixtures, the proportion of alcohol
The method of the present invention is particularly effective for substances containing 50 vol% or more. For mixing stabilization, a surfactant may be used or this may be emulsified with water. The alcohol is injected by conventional means into the engine as the main fuel. In the present invention, a small amount of partially oxidized hydrocarbon oil is supplied to the engine in order to properly ignite and burn the main fuel. The hydrocarbon oil used is a saturated hydrocarbon having 3 to 15 carbon atoms. Specifically, propane, butane,
It is one type or a mixture of two or more types of pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, etc. Practically speaking, examples include liquefied petroleum gas, straight-run naphtha, hydrogenated naphtha, kerosene, kerosene, and jet fuel, which contain a large amount of this component. These are particularly preferred because they contain at least 60 wt% of saturated hydrocarbons and are mainly composed of linear hydrocarbons. The higher the content of saturated hydrocarbons, the
The effect of improving ignitability is significant. Further, during oxidation, from the viewpoint of increasing the contact efficiency with the catalyst in the reactor, it is preferable that the boiling point range is narrow. Hydrocarbon oils containing a large amount of aromatic or unsaturated hydrocarbons are not preferred because they are less effective and tend to generate polymers or coke in the reactor. The most preferred one contains 50 wt% or more of linear hydrocarbons and has a boiling point of about 0°C to about 200°C.
It is a hydrocarbon oil in the range of °C. The hydrocarbon oil is stored in a storage container separate from the lower alcohol fuel that is the main fuel, and is continuously supplied in small amounts to the oxidation catalyst reactor during engine operation,
It is partially oxidized by air and the product is fed into the engine combustion chamber. 1 and 2 are specific examples of the method of the present invention. The main fuel, that is, alcohol-based fuel, is stored in a container 6, pressurized by a pump 7, and sent to an injection nozzle 8.
and is injected into the fuel chamber 3 of the engine 1. On the other hand, hydrocarbon oil is sent from a container 9 by a pump 10 to a reactor 11 filled with an oxidation catalyst 12, where air 13 is taken in and catalytically partially oxidized. It is then introduced into the combustion chamber along with the intake air. FIG. 2 shows a method in which the oxidation product is air-separated in the carrier container 14, merged into the main fuel supply pipe 17, and then injected from the injection nozzle 8 into the combustion chamber. The reactor is preferably provided near the engine and heated by engine exhaust gas heat and heat from piston compression. Ni, Co, Cu, Fd, Pt, Ag, as oxidation catalyst
Active metals such as W and Ru are supported in alumina, silica, alumina/silica, zirconia, boriya, zeolite, titania, etc. or iron-based alloys at 0.2 to 10 wt% in the form of metals or oxides, and are molded into granules or honeycomb shapes. A material having the metal or metal oxide coated on the inner wall of the pipe or the like is used.
The particulate catalyst is charged into a catalyst vessel, and the catalyst in the reactor is maintained at a temperature of about 70<0>C to about 220<0>C. Setting of reaction conditions is determined by the degree of partial oxidation of the supplied hydrocarbon oil. In other words, partial oxidation is the very early stage of oxidation, and is the oxidation state at the stage of cold damage occurrence, in short, the oxidation state at the stage of peroxy radical production, hydroperoxide production, or alkyl peroxide production, and the peroxide value is about
200 or more, preferably about 500 or more, more preferably about
It is good if it is 1000 or more. Those in which alcohol or aldehyde formation or stronger oxidation are performed are not effective. Therefore, the reaction condition is liquid hourly space velocity 1
~10 3 hr -1 , normal pressure ~ approx. 2 atm, temperature approx. 70 ~ approx. 220℃
Preferably, the temperature may be about 80 to about 200°C. The amount of the partial oxidation product to be supplied may be selected in accordance with the required degree of improvement in ignitability within the range of about 5 to about 40 parts by volume, preferably about 5 to 30 parts by volume based on the main fuel. During engine operation, partial oxidation products
It is sufficient to continuously mix it with the main fuel in line and supply it to the combustion chamber through an injection nozzle or to the manifold part of the intake air system. According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to burn fuel such as methanol, ethanol, etc. singly or mainly composed of these, with performance equivalent to a high cetane number. The present invention will be explained below based on Examples. Example A Waukesha CFR engine (type F-5) was operated under the following conditions. Main fuel: 60vol% industrial methanol and commercially available diesel oil
A mixture of 40vol% and an additional 5vol% of dodecanol to prevent layer separation. Engine conditions: Rotation speed 900rpm Compression ratio 15.5 Cooling water temperature 100℃ Fuel injection timing 14゜BTDC Main fuel supply amount 13ml/min The following catalytic reactor was installed near the engine.
The reactor outlet was piped to the intake manifold section.
In the reactor, n-heptane, n
- Continuously supply a small amount of dodecene, naphtha, kerosene and toluene, and also supply air for partial oxidation,
The partial oxidation products were introduced into the engine intake manifold along with air. Catalytic reactor conditions Catalyst: Platinum-based oxidation catalyst (5wt of platinum on granular alumina)
% loading) at 500 c.c. Oxidation conditions: Temperature: 190°C Air: 25/min Hydrocarbon: 0.5 to 10.0 ml/min The results of measuring the degree of improvement in ignitability of the main fuel under each condition are shown in the table.
【表】
表に示したように、メタノールを主成分とする
燃料は着火遅れ時間が17゜（クランク角度）である
のに対し、部分酸化物を少量供給すると、該時間
が短縮され、良好な着火が行われた。[Table] As shown in the table, fuel whose main component is methanol has an ignition delay time of 17° (crank angle), but when a small amount of partial oxide is supplied, this time is shortened and a good The ignition took place.
第１図、第２図共に本発明の具対例である。
６……低級アルコール系燃料、８……噴射ノズ
ル、９……炭化水素油、１２……触媒。
Both FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are specific examples of the present invention. 6...Lower alcohol fuel, 8...Injection nozzle, 9...Hydrocarbon oil, 12...Catalyst.
Claims (1)
ゼルエンジンを運転する際に、炭素数３〜15の飽
和炭化水素を主成分とする炭化水素油を、エンジ
ン近傍に設けた酸化触媒で部分酸化し、生成する
部分酸化物を少量エンジンに供給しつつ、前記ア
ルコールを燃焼させることを特徴とする低級アル
コール燃料によるデイーゼルエンジンの運転方
法。 ２ 低級アルコールを主成分とする燃料が、メタ
ノール、エタノールの１種又は２種の混合物ある
いは該アルコールとナフサ、灯油、軽油のいずれ
か１種又は２種以上の混合物である特許請求の範
囲第１項記載の運転方法。 ３ 炭化水素油が液化石油ガス、ナフサ、ガソリ
ン、灯油の１種又は２種以上の混合物である特許
請求の範囲第１項又は第２項記載の運転方法。 ４ 炭化水素油が直鎖状炭化水素を少なくとも30
容量％以上含有するものである特許請求の範囲第
１項乃至第３項記載の運転方法。 ５ 部分酸化物を低級アルコールを主成分とする
燃料100容量部に対し５〜30容量部エンジンに供
給することを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項乃
至第４項記載の運転方法。[Claims] 1. When a diesel engine is operated with a fuel containing a lower alcohol as a main component, an oxidation catalyst provided near the engine is used to apply a hydrocarbon oil containing a saturated hydrocarbon having 3 to 15 carbon atoms as a main component. A method for operating a diesel engine using a lower alcohol fuel, characterized by combusting the alcohol while partially oxidizing the alcohol and supplying a small amount of the generated partial oxide to the engine. 2. Claim 1 in which the fuel containing lower alcohol as a main component is a mixture of one or two of methanol and ethanol, or a mixture of said alcohol and one or more of naphtha, kerosene, and light oil. Driving method described in section. 3. The operating method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydrocarbon oil is one or a mixture of two or more of liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha, gasoline, and kerosene. 4 The hydrocarbon oil contains at least 30 linear hydrocarbons.
The operating method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the operating method contains at least % by volume. 5. The operating method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that 5 to 30 parts by volume of the partial oxide is supplied to the engine per 100 parts by volume of fuel whose main component is a lower alcohol.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58233703A JPS60125762A (en) | 1983-12-13 | 1983-12-13 | Operation of diesel engine by low-grade alcohol |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58233703A JPS60125762A (en) | 1983-12-13 | 1983-12-13 | Operation of diesel engine by low-grade alcohol |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60125762A JPS60125762A (en) | 1985-07-05 |
| JPS64575B2 true JPS64575B2 (en) | 1989-01-06 |
Family
ID=16959219
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58233703A Granted JPS60125762A (en) | 1983-12-13 | 1983-12-13 | Operation of diesel engine by low-grade alcohol |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60125762A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20140138319A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2014-12-03 | 메이만 리서치, 엘엘씨 | Internal combustion engine using a water-based mixture as fuel and method for operating the same |
| WO2015048187A1 (en) | 2013-09-25 | 2015-04-02 | Yehuda Shmueli | Internal combustion engine using a water-based mixture as fuel and method for operating the same |
-
1983
- 1983-12-13 JP JP58233703A patent/JPS60125762A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60125762A (en) | 1985-07-05 |
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