JPS648353B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a musical score display method for automatically displaying the process of playing a keyboard instrument as a musical score.

In this type of score display method, for example, the first
As shown in the figure, at time _t1 , key C3 (third
Octave C note key) is pressed, key C4 is pressed at time t ₂ , and key C is pressed at time t ₃ .
3 and C4 are both released, and at the same time keys E4 and D are released.
If 5 are pressed together, first, as shown in the same figure,
Display the notes for the C3 note, then the notes for the C4 note separated by a distance corresponding to the quarter note time, then the notes for the C4 note separated by a distance corresponding to the quarter note time.
It is common to display the notes E4 and D5.
However, in this display method,
In the displayed musical score, there is a problem in that the delay time of the C4 note (delay time from the preceding note C3) is not clearly displayed.

Therefore, in this invention, when another note is displayed after the preceding note, a rest corresponding to the delay time from the preceding note (see the broken line in FIG. 1) is displayed before that note. This allows the delay time from the preceding sound to be clearly displayed.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a musical score display device to which the method according to the present invention is applied, and the musical score display device shown in this figure automatically displays the process of performance on the piano 1 as a musical score.

That is, the piano 1 is provided with a key switch for detecting a key operation corresponding to each key, and the output (musical tone information) of each key switch is supplied to the musical instrument interface 2, respectively.

The musical instrument interface 2 detects the on/off state of each key by scanning the output of each key switch of the piano 1 at regular intervals. When a change (hereinafter referred to as an event) occurs in the on/off state of each key, an event block IB shown in FIG. 3A is created and supplied to the note selection processing circuit 3. Here, the event block IB consists of a minimum of 4 bytes, and the first and second bytes are written with timer data indicating the time from the previous event occurrence to the current event occurrence, and the third byte is The indicator shown in FIG. 3B is written in , and the key code of the changed key is written in the fourth byte. in this case,
The timer data of the event block IB, which is created when the key of the piano 1 is pressed for the first time at the start of the performance, becomes "0". In addition, information indicating whether the key is on or off is written in the 7th bit (MSB) of the indicator as "1" (key on) or "0" (key off), and the 1st bit and 0th bit are written in the indicator. The bit (LSB) is usually “0”,
“0” is written. Note that if the event interval exceeds the time represented by the number of bits in the timer data, a similar event block IB is created again at that point, but in this case, the 1st and 0th bits of the indicator are They become “0” and “1”. Furthermore, the second to sixth bits of the indicator are not used at all in subsequent processing. Also, if events occur simultaneously for two or more keys,
For example, if a certain key is turned off and another key is turned on at the same time, blocks IBB consisting of indicators and key codes shown in FIG. 3 are provided as many as the keys in which the event occurred.

FIG. 4 shows the musical score _shown in FIG. ₁ again. If each key is operated in the same way as in _{FIG .}
Each event block IB created in
They are IB-1 to IB-3 shown in FIG. Note that timer data T ₁ and T ₂ in FIG. 5 each indicate time.
These are the time between t ₁ and t ₂ and the time between t ₂ and t ₃ .

Next, the parameter setting device 4 shown in FIG. Key name data, tempo data, and time signature data corresponding to the set key name, tempo, and time signature are each supplied to the note selection processing circuit 3.

Note selection processing circuit 3 is instrument interface 2
Based on the event block IB supplied by
The on/off state of each key on the piano 1 is detected, and based on the detection result, a slot block SB shown in FIG. 6 is created and output to the symbol assembly processing circuit 5.

This note selection processing circuit 3 will be described in detail below. For example, when the score shown in FIG. 4 is played on the piano 1, the score display device shown in FIG.
The musical score shown in FIG. 4 can be displayed as is. The note selection processing circuit 3 sends the data necessary for displaying this musical score to the slot shown in FIG.
Create a slot block SB for each S ₁ , S ₂ . Figure 6 shows the basic configuration of this slot block SB, with a slot in the first byte.
Slot width of S ₁ , S ₂ ... (SL ₁ , SL ₂ shown in Fig. 4)
) is converted into a note length code to be described later and written, and TYPE data, length data, and key code are written in the second to fourth bytes, respectively. In this case, the block SBB consisting of the 2nd to 4th bytes
are provided corresponding to the notes or rests in each slot S ₁ , S _{2 .} . . For example, slot S ₃ shown in FIG.
In the case of slot S2, two blocks SBB are provided corresponding to two notes, and in the case of slot _S2 , one block SBB is provided. Further, as the TYPE data, any one of "1" to "3" is written. That is, if what is represented by block SBB is a musical note, "1" is written,
A ``2'' is written for a rest that is delayed from the preceding note (for example, the rest in slot S <sub>1</sub> in Figure 4), and a ``3'' is written for a rest that is silent. It will be done. Further, as length data, a note length code corresponding to the length of a note or rest is written. In addition, in this embodiment, note length codes LN are set corresponding to each length of a whole note (whole note), a half note (half note), a quarter note (quarter rest), etc.
1, LN2, LN4... are assigned. Also,
As for the key code, if the block SBB represents a note, the key code of that note is written, and if the block SBB represents a rest, the key code of that note is written.
The key code of the next note (if the TYPE data is "2") or "0" (if the TYPE data is "3") is written.

Next, the process of creating the slot block SB mentioned above will be explained with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

For example, when the event block IB- ₁ shown in FIG. 5 is created at time t1 shown in FIG. ₁ is detected and the process proceeds to step _SP2 . Step SP ₂
Then, the timer data of the event block IB-1 is added to the data in the areas _E1a to _E5a of the memory M (see FIG. 8) provided inside the note selection processing circuit 3. Note that the memory M is cleared in the initial state. In addition, the addition mentioned above is
Data (key code) in one of E _1b to _{E 5b}
This is done only if the is stored. Therefore, no actual addition is performed at this point. Next, proceed to step _SP3 , and check whether there is a key-on or not, that is, if there is a block whose 7th bit of the indicator is "1" in event block IB-1.
It is determined whether or not IBB is present. In this case, the decision result is ``YES'', so step SP ₄
Proceed to. In step _SP4 , it is determined whether or not there is a preceding sound. Here, as described later, all the key codes of the keys currently being pressed are stored in the memory M area.
It is now registered as one of E _1b to E _5b . Therefore, in this step SP ₄ , the area
E _1b to E _5b are scanned. In this case, no key code is written in any of E _1b to _{E 5b} , so it is determined that there is no preceding tone, and the process advances to step _SP5 . In step SP ₅ , the event block IB-
1, a slot block SB-1 (FIG. 8) corresponding to slot S ₁ (FIG. 4) is created. That is, "1" is written as the TYPE data in area _E2 , and the key code of key C3 is written in area _E4 . Then proceed to step SP ₆ . Key-on block IBB in step SP ₆
The key codes within are registered in areas E _1b to _{E 5b} .
In this case, the key code of key C3 is registered in area E _1b . Note that if there is no key-on block IBB, no processing is performed. Next step
When proceeding to SP ₇ , the key codes of the keys that have been turned off are erased from areas E _1b to _{E 5b} . In this case, event block IB-1 has a key-off block.
There is no IBB, so step SP ₇ is passed and step SP ₈ is proceeded to. At step _SP8 , it is determined whether the slot block SB in the memory M is completed. In this case, the slot block
SB-1 is not completed, so the process returns to step _SP1 again.

Next, at time _t2 , event block IB-2
is supplied, first, in step SP ₂ ,
_{Event block} IB-
2 timer data “T ₁ ” is added, and as a result,
The data in area E _1a becomes "T ₁ ". Next, the process advances to step _SP4 via step _SP3 , and in this step _SP4 it is determined whether there is a preceding sound.
In this case, the key code of the preceding tone C3 is stored in area _E1b , and the process therefore advances to step _SP9 . In step SP ₉ , the delay time from the preceding tone is
Td and a preset time Tc are compared. Here, the delay time Td from the preceding sound is stored in area E _{1a corresponding to area E 1b where} the key code of the preceding sound is stored. That is,
In this case Td= _T1 . Furthermore, in this embodiment, the set time Tc is set to be larger than the time corresponding to a 32nd minute rest and smaller than the time corresponding to a 16th minute rest. In this case, since the data _T1 corresponds to the time of a quarter note, Td>Tc, and the process advances to step _SP10 . At step SP ₁₀ , the delay time Td (=T ₁ ) from the preceding sound
A block SBB-2 for displaying the rest corresponding to (the rest in slot _S1 shown in FIG. 4) is created in slot block SB-1 of the preceding tone C2. In other words, TYPE data "2" in area E ₅
is written, the note length code LN4 corresponding to time _T1 is written in area _E6 , and the key code of key C4 (subsequent note) is written in area _E7 . The key code for area E ₇ is block SBB-2.
This is to determine the display position of the rest represented by . Then proceed to step SP ₅ . In step _SP5 , a slot block SB is created based on event block IB-2. That is, first, note length code LN4 corresponding to timer data _T1 is used as the slot width.
Written to area _E1 of SB-1. Next, slot block SB- corresponding to slot _S2 (Fig. 4)
TYPE data “1” is in area E ₉ of 2, and
The key code of key C4 is written in area _E11 .
Next, in step SP ₆ , the key code of key C4, which is newly turned on, is written in area E _2b .
Return to step SP ₁ via steps SP ₇ and SP ₈ .

Next, at time _t3 , event block IB-3
is supplied, first, timer data T ₂ is added to the data in areas E _1a and E _2a (step
SP ₂ ), and as a result, the data in areas E _1a and E _2a become (T ₁ +T ₂ ) and T ₂ , respectively. Next, step SP ₃
When the process proceeds to step _SP4 via , it is determined whether there is a preceding sound. In this case, the preceding sounds C3 and C4 are registered in areas E _1b and E _2b, respectively, but the event block IB-3 contains blocks IBB-1 and IBB-2 indicating that these preceding sounds C3 and C4 are off. Therefore, it is determined that there is no preceding sound, and the process proceeds to step _SP5 . At step _SP5 , the code length code LN4 corresponding to the timer data _T2 is first written into the area _E8 of the slot block SB-2 as the slot width. Next, based on the block IBB-1 indicating that the key C3 is off, the note length code LN2 corresponding to the data (T ₁ + T ₂ ) in the area E _1a (this data indicates the on time of the key C3) is assigned to the area E ₃ . written to. Then, based on block IBB-2 indicating key C4 OFF, data T ₂ in area E _2a is
The note length code LN4 corresponding to is written in area _E10 . Next, a block indicating keys D5 and E4 are turned on.
Slot block SB-3 (FIG. 8) corresponding to slot S3 is created based on IBB- ₃ and IBB-4. Then proceed to step SP ₆ .

In step SP ₆ , the newly pressed key D
Key codes 5 and E4 are registered in areas E _3b and E _4b , respectively. Next, when the process advances to step _SP7 , areas E _1b and E _2b in which the key codes of keys C3 and C4 that have been turned off are registered are both cleared, and at the same time, areas E _1a and E _2a are also cleared. Next, when the process advances to step _SP8 , since both slot blocks SB-1 and SB-2 have been completed at this point, the judgment result at step _SP8 is "YES", and the process advances to step _SP11 . At step _SP11 , the completed slot blocks SB-1 and SB-2 are sequentially sent to the symbol assembly processing circuit 5 (FIG. 1).
Then, return to step SP ₁ . Thereafter, slot blocks SB are sequentially created in accordance with the performance of the piano 1 through the same process, and sent to the symbol assembly processing circuit 5.

Note that the above-mentioned time Tc is set to a time greater than the time of a 32nd rest but less than the time of a 16th minute rest.The meaning of the time Tc set above is that only when the delay time Td is greater than or equal to the time of a 16th minute rest. This means that a rest is displayed. Therefore, if the delay time Td is less than the time of a 32nd minute rest, no rest is displayed.

Next, the symbol assembly processing circuit 5 creates display blocks HB (see FIG. 9) for displaying notes, rests, etc., corresponding to each slot block SB supplied from the note selection processing circuit 3. It is output to the note display processing circuit 6. Now this display block
HB consists of at least 4 bytes as shown in FIG. 9, the slot width of the supplied slot block SB is written in the first byte, and the X coordinate and Y coordinate are written in the second to fourth bytes, respectively. Coordinates, UDS
Code is written. Furthermore, block HBB consisting of the second to fourth bytes is provided corresponding to block SBB of slot block SB. In this display block HB, data indicating the position of a note or rest in the X direction (horizontal direction) within the slots S ₁ , S ₂ . . . shown in FIG. 4 is written as the X coordinate. This position in the X direction is usually the slot S ₁ ,
It is a position a certain distance from the left end of S ₂ .... Also, Y
As the coordinates, data indicating the position in the Y direction (vertical direction) within the slots S ₁ , S ₂ . . . is written. In the case of a note, this position in the Y direction is determined by the key code in block SBB of slot block SB, and in the case of a rest that is delayed from the preceding note (for example, the rest in slot S ₁ ), it is determined by the key code in block SBB of slot block SB. is determined by the key code of note C4, and
In the case of a silent rest, it is at a predetermined fixed position.

Furthermore, the UDS code is a code that indicates the type of musical note, rest, accidental symbol, etc. (these are collectively referred to as musical symbols). That is, all musical symbols are stored in advance in the form of vectors in the memory 7 shown in FIG. For example, a quarter note is the 10th note.
The coordinates of the starting and _ending points of _{the vectors V 1 ,} V ₂ . remembered.

Then, if the block SBB of the supplied slot block SB represents a musical note, the symbol assembly processing circuit 5 detects the type of note based on the length data, and creates a UDS corresponding to this detection result.
Write the code to display block HB. If block SBB of slot block SB represents a rest, the type of rest is detected based on the length data of block SBB, and a UDS code corresponding to this detection result is written in display block HB.

Note that when an accidental symbol (for example, #) is added to a note, a block HBB for displaying this accidental symbol is added to the display block HB. In this case, data regarding the display position of the accidental is written in each of the X and Y coordinates of the added block HBB, and the UDS code of the accidental is written in the UDS code area.

As described above, display block HB is created every time slot block SB is supplied, and each block HBB of display block HB is created corresponding to each block SBB of slot block SB. A block HBB is added to display the accidental. and,
The created display block HB is supplied to the note display processing circuit 6.

The musical note display processing circuit 6 converts the X, Y coordinates in the block HBB of the display block HB supplied from the symbol assembly processing circuit 5 to the X, Y coordinates (hereinafter referred to as X', Y' coordinates) on the screen of the display device 8. ) and output to the display device 8 along with the UDS code. That is, for example, when displaying the musical score shown in Fig. 4, first set the X' coordinate (X'-1) of the left end _of slot _S1 , and then Note C from the X coordinate in the display block HB corresponding to
3 and the X' coordinate of the rest. Next, the X' coordinate of the right end of slot _S1 (left end of slot S2) is determined from the slot width and the coordinate (X'- ₁ ) in the display block HB (referred to as X'-2), and the determined coordinate is (X'-2) and the X coordinate in display block HB corresponding to slot _S2 to note C4.
Calculate the X′ coordinate. Similarly, each note,
The X' coordinates of rests, etc. can be found. Further, the Y' coordinate of each note, etc. is determined from the Y' coordinate of the staff and the Y coordinate within each display block HB. Then, the note display processing circuit 6 outputs the determined X' and Y' coordinates of each note etc. to the display device 8 together with the UDS code.

The display device 8 is composed of a CRT (cathode ray tube) display device (or printer) and a control circuit, and displays the musical staff on the CRT screen.
A musical symbol is read from the memory 7 based on the supplied UDS code, coordinates representing each vector of this musical symbol are transformed based on the above-mentioned X', Y' coordinates, and the musical symbol is displayed on a CRT screen, etc. Display sequentially.

Note that the circuit shown in FIG. 2 is usually constructed using a microcomputer.

As explained above, according to the present invention, when another note is displayed after the preceding note, a rest corresponding to the delay time from the preceding note is displayed before that note. It becomes possible to clearly display the delay time from the preceding note on the musical score.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a musical score display, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a musical score display device which is an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 A and B are diagrams showing the configuration of an event block IB, 4 is a diagram showing an example of display by the score display device shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a specific example of the event block IB, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the slot block SB, and FIG. FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the note selection processing circuit 3, FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the storage area of the memory M provided in the note selection processing circuit 3, and FIG. 9 is a display block HB. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the vectors forming the musical symbol. 2... Musical instrument interface, 3... Note selection processing circuit, 5... Symbol assembly processing circuit, 6... Note display processing circuit, 7... Memory, 8... Display device,
M...Memory.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a musical score display method that detects the on/off time of each key on a keyboard instrument, displays notes based on the on time of the key, and displays rests based on the off time of the key, At the time when a key-on is detected, it is detected whether or not there is a preceding sound, and when the preceding sound is detected, the time difference between the key-on time of the key corresponding to the preceding sound and the key-on time of the first key is calculated. A musical score characterized in that when the time difference is detected and the time difference is larger than a preset value, a rest corresponding to the time difference is displayed before the note displayed corresponding to the first key. Display method.