JPH0116458B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to solid feed suitable for herbivorous animals. When raising herbivorous animals, a feeding method that combines coarse-grained forage such as grass, so-called roughage, and compound feed has been adopted, but in recent years, with the raising of large numbers of animals, roughage has become scarce and difficult to obtain, so compound feed has been adopted. It was hoped that the animals would be raised with feed. Complete compound feeds for herbivorous animals have been improved for this purpose, but because they contain a high proportion of fine-grained feed, they remain in the rumen for a long time, making digestion slow and smooth. Unlike roughage with a coarse viscosity, it is not suitable for digestion in the rumen of herbivorous animals, as it is too digested in the rumen and inhibits the growth and action of microorganisms in the stomach, resulting in gastric ulcers. A liver abscess occurred, and satisfactory growth could not be expected. Conventionally, as a solution to these problems, attempts have been made to solidify the compound feed or coarsen the viscosity of the compound feed raw material. However, coarse-grained raw materials cannot be solidified by normal granulation methods. For this purpose, special solidification methods have been devised, such as using large amounts of binders and humidifying the raw materials during solidification, but such solid feeds have problems with their functional suitability for the rumen and palatability. Alternatively, there were drawbacks such as deterioration of quality during storage. As a result of various studies in order to solve the technical drawbacks of solid feed, the present inventor has divided grains in feed ingredients into grains with a particle size of 1200 μm or more, and a particle size of 300 μm or more.
By classifying grains into three categories: grains with a grain size of less than 1200μm and grains with a grain size of less than 300μm, and using these grains in a specific proportion, grains with a grain size of 1200μm can be produced.
Even if the content of the above grain categories is high, the present invention has been completed by finding a method that can be suitably solidified using a conventional granulation method. In other words, the present invention provides a method in which the total grain content in the whole solid feed is 50 to 80% based on the weight of the solid feed, and the grain size in the solid feed is in the category of 300 μm or more and less than 1200 μm (hereinafter referred to as "neutral category"). ) accounts for 10 to 60% of the solid feed by weight, and the grains account for 40 to 80% of the grain size (hereinafter referred to as "coarse grain division") of 1200 μm or more in grain size, and Particle size
The grain size distribution is such that 10 to 40% of the grain size is less than 300 μm (hereinafter referred to as "fine grain size"), and in some cases, the remaining amount of the above two is in the grain size size of 300 μm or more and less than 1200 μm. This solid feed for herbivorous animals is characterized by: The solid feed according to the present invention has 50 to 80% by weight of grains and 50 to 80% by weight of auxiliary materials such as vegetable auxiliary materials.
This blending ratio of grains and auxiliary materials is usually adopted in this type of herbivorous animal feed from the viewpoint of breeding effects on herbivorous animals, animal palatability, economic efficiency, etc. It is a percentage. Furthermore, the solid feed of the present invention contains 10 to 60% of the solid feed based on the weight of the solid feed, when viewed from the particle size distribution, the medium size category is 300 μm or more and less than 1200 μm. As is clear from the grain size distribution in the grains mentioned above, the composition ratio of medium grains of 300 μm or more and less than 1200 μm in grains is 0 to 50% based on the weight of flour.
However, even if the proportion of the medium-grain category in the grain is 0, the proportion of the medium-grain category in the solid feed as a whole will not be zero because the medium-grain category exists in the vegetable auxiliary materials described below. , can be 10-60% above. In the present invention, by setting the blending ratio of each component in the solid feed as described above, the interparticle space of the coarse grain category is replaced by the particles of the medium grain category (vegetable auxiliary raw materials and, in some cases, grains). The contact surfaces of the particles of the coarse and medium sections can be bonded and solidified by the particles of the fine section. The solid feed thus obtained has excellent rumen digestibility for herbivorous animals and also has good palatability. In the solid feed of the present invention, the grains must have a specific particle size distribution as described above. If the coarse grain fraction in the grain exceeds 80% by weight, it cannot be solidified unless a large amount of fine grain fraction is used, thereby reducing its digestibility and palatability in the rumen of herbivores. On the other hand, if the proportion of the coarse grain fraction is less than 40% by weight, the suitability for digestion in the rumen of herbivorous animals, which is the object of the present invention, cannot be expected. Also, the fine grain classification is 40
If the amount exceeds % by weight, the solid feed itself becomes hard and the digestibility of the solid feed into the rumen decreases. On the other hand, if the fine particle fraction is less than 10% by weight, solidification becomes difficult. Furthermore, in the present invention, if the medium grain fraction in the solid feed exceeds 60% based on the weight of the solid feed, the resulting solid feed will become hard, and if it is less than 10%, the space between particles of the coarse grain fraction will be sufficiently reduced. Since it cannot be buried, the solidified feed tends to crumble. The grains used in the present invention include corn, barley, barley, oats, rye, wheat, milo,
Examples include millet, millet, and millet. One or more of these grains may be selected and used depending on the purpose of use. In addition, the solid feed of the present invention contains 50 to 20% of auxiliary materials based on the weight of the solid feed, together with the above-mentioned main ingredient, grains. Examples of auxiliary raw materials to be added to solid feed include vegetable auxiliary raw materials such as defatted rice sugar, soybean meal, and flaxseed meal. This vegetable auxiliary raw material is preferably adjusted to a particle size of 300 μm or more and less than 1200 μm using an appropriate means. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the solid feed of the present invention can also contain appropriate amounts of commonly used fish meal, vitamins, minerals, and other additives (auxiliary raw materials). Next, to prepare the solid feed of the present invention, it can be solidified using a conventionally used granulator under normal conditions. Next, an example of a granulation method is shown. Water is added to the raw material mixture so that the water content becomes 15 to 20% by weight, and the mixture is granulated. The size of solid feed varies depending on the size of the target animal, but it is generally 4.5 to 4.5 mm in diameter.
12 mm and a length of 5.5 to 25 mm are suitable. As is clear from the above explanation, the solid feed according to the present invention can be solidified by a normal granulation method, and furthermore, when fed to herbivorous animals such as cows, the solid feed according to the present invention can be solidified in the rumen as in the conventional method. It does not deteriorate the physiology of rumen digestion and absorption, such as causing hyperacidemia or adhering to mucous membranes and rotting tissues, and feed utilization efficiency is also significantly improved. Next, tests to clarify the meaning of each of the above numerical ranges of the present invention and their results are shown below. The grains consisting of the raw materials and particle size distribution shown in Table 1 below are arranged in the proportions shown in Table 1.
It was mixed with other auxiliary raw materials consisting of the components shown in 1. Each of these mixtures is further mixed by blowing steam so that its moisture content is 17% by weight. This is granulated to produce solid feed pellets with a diameter of 6.4 mm and a length of 15 mm. Shape retention PDI of the obtained pellets (Pellet
Durability Index) was measured and evaluated as follows. PDI = Weight of molded feed after durability test ^* / Weight of molded feed ^** ×
10 Note* Put 500 g of solid feed pellets into a rectangular rotating box with partitions [12 inches x 12 inches x 5 inches (30.48 cm x 30.48 cm x 12.7 cm)].
After rotating the box at 50 rpm for 10 minutes, the solid feed pellets in the box were taken out and sieved through a sieve with 5.6 mm openings.The weight (g) of the solid feed remaining on the sieve. ** 500g of solid feed pellets as is, 5.6mm
The weight (g) of feed remaining on the sieve when it is sieved through a sieve with a mesh size of The results obtained are shown in Table 1 below. The PDI evaluation in Table 1 was performed based on the following criteria. PDI rating of 8.0 or less × × 8.1 to 8.9 × 9.0 to 9.3 ○ 9.4 or more ◎ Each of the solid feeds shown in Table 1 below, manufactured above, was administered to each section of Holstein bulls (average weight 210 kg, approximately 5 months old). (3 animals in each group) were fed for 8 weeks, and the solid feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (the value obtained by dividing the feed intake by the body weight gain) were examined. The results are shown in Table 1.

【table】

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 The total content of grains in the total solid feed is 50 to 80% based on the weight of the solid feed, and the particle size category of 300 μm or more and less than 1200 μm in the solid feed accounts for 10 to 60% based on the weight of the solid feed. occupies 1,200 μm or more, and the grain has a grain size of 1200 μm or more based on grain weight.
40-80% and grain size less than 300μm 10-
40% and optionally the remaining amount of the above two is the particle size.
A solid feed for herbivorous animals, characterized by having a particle size distribution in the grain category of 300 μm or more and less than 1200 μm.