JPH0133727B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0133727B2 JPH0133727B2 JP58238584A JP23858483A JPH0133727B2 JP H0133727 B2 JPH0133727 B2 JP H0133727B2 JP 58238584 A JP58238584 A JP 58238584A JP 23858483 A JP23858483 A JP 23858483A JP H0133727 B2 JPH0133727 B2 JP H0133727B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- primary
- fuel
- nozzle
- air
- supply pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details
- F23D14/66—Preheating the combustion air or gas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
Description
本発明はガスバーナに関する。
従来から発熱量が低く、そのままでは燃焼の持
続が困難な低カロリーガスを燃焼させる方法とし
て、
高カロリーガスを混入してガスのカロリーア
ツプを図る方法、
高カロリー燃料の助燃バーナを設ける方法、
空気あるいは燃料ガスを予熱する方法、
などが知られている。
上記ではランニングコストが高くつき、
では従来、必要熱量が不明であつたために、すべ
ての空気または燃料ガスを予熱しており、このた
め加熱器が非常に大きくなり、設備費の増大をま
ねくという問題がある。
そこで本発明はかかる問題点を解消したガスバ
ーナを提供するものであつて、その特徴とすると
ころは、焚口先端を円錘状空間に形成し、その焚
口内に同心状に設けた一次空気ノズル内に一次燃
料ノズルを同心状に挿入し、一次空気ノズルの外
側に二次燃料ノズルを配設し、該二次燃料ノズル
の外側に二次空気ノズルを配設し、一次燃料ノズ
ルに接続された一次燃料供給管もしくは一次空気
ノズルに接続された一次空気供給管またはその両
方に加熱器を設けたことにある。かかる構成によ
れば、燃料および空気をそれぞれ一次と二次とに
分け、その一次の燃料もしくは空気またはその両
方を加熱するものであるから、低カロリーガスで
も確実に着火させて、その燃焼を持続させること
ができ、しかも二次側の燃料または空気を加熱し
なくてもよい分だけ、加熱器を小さくすることが
できるものであつて、経済性に優れている。
以下、本発明の一実施例を図に基づいて説明す
る。１は焚口であつて、その先端を円錘状空間に
形成してある。２は焚口１内に同心状に設けた一
次空気ノズル、３は該一次空気ノズル２内に同心
状に挿入された一次燃料ノズル、４は一次空気ノ
ズル２の外側に配設された二次燃料ノズル、５は
該二次燃料ノズル４の外側に配設された二次空気
ノズル、６，７は二次の燃料ノズル４および空気
ノズル５の先端に配設された旋回翼であつて、二
次燃料および二次空気を第１図にイで示すごとく
旋回させるものである。８は低カロリー燃料主供
給管であつて、これから２つに分岐した一次燃料
供給管８Ａと二次燃料供給管８Ｂとはそれぞれ一
次、二次の燃料ノズル３，４に接続してある。９
は空気主供給管であつて、これから２つに分岐し
た一次空気供給管９Ａと二次空気供給管９Ｂとは
それぞれ一次、二次の空気ノズル２，５に接続し
てある。１０は一次空気供給管９Ａの途中に介在
させた空気加熱器、１１は一次燃料供給管８Ａの
途中に介在させた開閉弁である。前記一次燃料ノ
ズル３の燃料噴射口は該ノズル３の半径方向に沿
つて形成されている。したがつてノズル３からそ
の半径方向に沿つて噴射された燃料ガスは一次空
気ノズル２内を流れる空気流によつて第１図にロ
で示すごとく焚口１から放射状に噴射されるもの
である。
上記構成において、一次空気供給管９Ａ内を流
れる一次空気は空気加熱器１０によつて低カロリ
ー燃料が燃焼を持続するのに必要な温度まで加熱
された後、一次空気ノズル２内に入る。また一次
燃料供給管８Ａから一次燃料ノズル３内に入つた
低カロリー燃料はその噴射口から一次燃料ノズル
３の半径方向へ噴射され、一次空気ノズル２から
噴射される高温の一次空気流に乗つて焚口１から
第１図のロで示すごとく放射状に噴射される。ま
た二次燃料ノズル４から低カロリーの二次燃料が
第１図のイに示すごとく旋回させられながら噴射
され、さらに二次空気ノズル５から二次空気が旋
回させられながら噴射される。そして一次燃料が
高温の一次空気の作用により容易に着火させられ
ると共にその燃焼を持続させられ、また一次燃料
の燃焼熱によつて二次燃料および二次空気を必要
温度まで加熱し、全体として安定した燃焼を持続
するものである。
ここで第３図および第４図に示すごとく、自燃
限界発熱量（QL）Kcal／Ｎm3以下の発熱量（Qg）
Kcal／Ｎm3を保有する低カロリーガスの燃焼を
持続させるためには、予熱によつて空気を、QL
−Qg＝△QKcal／Ｎm3（予熱エンタルピー）に
相当する熱量を与えればよい。今、一次燃料ノズ
ル３に供給される一次燃料の全燃料に対する割合
を（ｍ）とすれば、一次燃料ノズル３で燃焼を持
続させるために必要な熱量はｍ・△Ｑである。こ
れによつて発生する熱量はｍ・QLであり、ｍ・
QL≧△Ｑであれば燃焼は持続する。したがつて
ｍ≧△Ｑ／QLであればよい。しかしながら実機
では、ガスの混合や熱放散などにより火炎を十分
安定させるには、次式の関係が成り立つようにす
ることが適当であることがわかつた。
△Ｑ／QL×1.3≧ｍ≧△Ｑ／QL×1.1
ここで低カロリーガスの理論空気量をVas（Ｎ
m3／Ｎm3）、実際の空気比をλ、空気の比熱を
Cpaとすれば空気の予熱温度△Ｔ（℃）は
△Ｑ＝λ・Cap・Vas・△Ｔから
△Ｔ＝△Ｑ／λ・Cpa・Vas必要である。
上記実施例では、一次空気を加熱するようにし
たが、これに代えて、またはこれとともに第１図
仮想線で示すごとく一次燃料供給管８Ａに燃料加
熱器１２を介在させてもよい（第２の実施例）。
この場合の予熱温度は
△Ｔ＝△Ｑ／Cpgである。
ただし、低カロリーガスの比熱をCpg（Kcal／Ｎ
m3）とした。
また第１、第２の実施例における旋回翼６，７
に代えて、第５図に示すごとくノズル４，５の内
壁面にほぼ接線方向に沿う多数のスリツト１３を
形成してもよいし（第３の実施例）、また第６図
に示すごとくノズル４，５の端面に周方向に沿つ
てのびる傾斜穴１４を形成してもよい（第４の実
施例）。
（実験例）
ガス発熱量500Kcal／Ｎm3のC3H8−N2低カロ
リーガスの燃焼実験
（計算値）
第４図によりこのガスの限界発熱量（QL）は
640Kcal／Ｎm3である。
これより一次燃料の割合（ｍ）は
640−500／640×1.3≧ｍ≧640−500／640×1.1
0.28≧ｍ≧0.24となる
これを自燃させるためには一次空気に予熱エンタ
ルピーとしてｍ△Ｑ＝0.24（640−500）＝
33.6Kcal／Ｎm3以上与える必要がある。
（実験）
燃焼実験結果を表１に示す（20℃1atmを基
準）。
The present invention relates to a gas burner. Conventional methods for burning low-calorie gases, which have a low calorific value and are difficult to sustain combustion as they are, include mixing high-calorie gas to increase the calorie content of the gas, installing an auxiliary combustion burner for high-calorie fuel, and using air. Alternatively, methods of preheating fuel gas are known. The above results in high running costs,
Conventionally, all the air or fuel gas was preheated because the amount of heat required was unknown, which resulted in a very large heater, leading to an increase in equipment costs. Therefore, the present invention provides a gas burner that solves these problems, and its characteristics are that the tip of the combustion opening is formed into a conical space, and the primary air nozzle is provided concentrically within the combustion opening. a primary fuel nozzle is inserted concentrically into the primary fuel nozzle, a secondary fuel nozzle is disposed outside the primary air nozzle, and a secondary air nozzle is disposed outside the secondary fuel nozzle and is connected to the primary fuel nozzle. The heater is provided in the primary fuel supply pipe, the primary air supply pipe connected to the primary air nozzle, or both. According to this configuration, the fuel and air are separated into primary and secondary parts, and the primary fuel, air, or both are heated, so even low-calorie gas can be reliably ignited and its combustion can be sustained. In addition, since the fuel or air on the secondary side does not need to be heated, the heater can be made smaller, and is highly economical. Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. Reference numeral 1 is a fire pit, the tip of which is formed into a conical space. 2 is a primary air nozzle provided concentrically within the combustion opening 1; 3 is a primary fuel nozzle inserted concentrically within the primary air nozzle 2; 4 is a secondary fuel provided outside the primary air nozzle 2. The nozzle 5 is a secondary air nozzle disposed outside the secondary fuel nozzle 4, 6 and 7 are swirl vanes disposed at the tips of the secondary fuel nozzle 4 and the air nozzle 5, The secondary fuel and secondary air are swirled as shown by A in Figure 1. Reference numeral 8 denotes a low-calorie fuel main supply pipe, and a primary fuel supply pipe 8A and a secondary fuel supply pipe 8B branched from the main supply pipe 8 are connected to the primary and secondary fuel nozzles 3 and 4, respectively. 9
is a main air supply pipe, and a primary air supply pipe 9A and a secondary air supply pipe 9B branched from this into two are connected to the primary and secondary air nozzles 2 and 5, respectively. 10 is an air heater interposed in the middle of the primary air supply pipe 9A, and 11 is an on-off valve interposed in the middle of the primary fuel supply pipe 8A. The fuel injection port of the primary fuel nozzle 3 is formed along the radial direction of the nozzle 3. Therefore, the fuel gas injected from the nozzle 3 along its radial direction is radially injected from the firing port 1 by the air flow flowing through the primary air nozzle 2, as shown by B in FIG. In the above configuration, the primary air flowing through the primary air supply pipe 9A is heated by the air heater 10 to a temperature necessary to sustain combustion of the low-calorie fuel, and then enters the primary air nozzle 2. Furthermore, the low-calorie fuel that enters the primary fuel nozzle 3 from the primary fuel supply pipe 8A is injected from its injection port in the radial direction of the primary fuel nozzle 3, riding on the high temperature primary air flow injected from the primary air nozzle 2. The fuel is sprayed radially from the fire port 1 as shown by B in FIG. Further, low-calorie secondary fuel is injected from the secondary fuel nozzle 4 while being swirled as shown in FIG. 1A, and secondary air is further injected from the secondary air nozzle 5 while being swirled. The primary fuel can be easily ignited by the action of the high-temperature primary air and its combustion can be sustained, and the combustion heat of the primary fuel can heat the secondary fuel and secondary air to the required temperature, resulting in overall stability. It sustains the combustion. Here, as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the self-combustion limit calorific value (Q L ) Kcal/Nm 3 or less calorific value (Q g )
In order to sustain the combustion of a low-calorie gas containing Kcal/Nm 3 , it is necessary to preheat the air to
-Q g = △QKcal/Nm 3 (preheating enthalpy) may be applied. Now, if the ratio of the primary fuel supplied to the primary fuel nozzle 3 to the total fuel is (m), the amount of heat required to sustain combustion in the primary fuel nozzle 3 is m·ΔQ. The amount of heat generated by this is m・Q L , and m・
If Q L ≧△Q, combustion will continue. Therefore, it is sufficient if m≧△Q/Q L. However, in actual equipment, it has been found that in order to sufficiently stabilize the flame through gas mixing and heat dissipation, it is appropriate to establish the following relationship. △Q/Q L ×1.3≧m≧△Q/Q L ×1.1 Here, the theoretical air volume of the low-calorie gas is Vas (N
m 3 /Nm 3 ), the actual air ratio is λ, and the specific heat of the air is
If Cpa is the air preheating temperature △T (°C), △Q=λ・Cap・Vas・△T, then △T=△Q/λ・Cpa・Vas is required. In the above embodiment, the primary air is heated, but instead of or in addition to this, a fuel heater 12 may be interposed in the primary fuel supply pipe 8A as shown by the imaginary line in FIG. example). The preheating temperature in this case is ΔT=ΔQ/Cpg. However, the specific heat of low calorie gas is Cpg (Kcal/N
m3 ). In addition, the swirling blades 6 and 7 in the first and second embodiments
Instead, as shown in FIG. 5, a large number of slits 13 may be formed along the substantially tangential direction on the inner wall surface of the nozzles 4, 5 (third embodiment), or as shown in FIG. An inclined hole 14 extending along the circumferential direction may be formed in the end surfaces of the holes 4 and 5 (fourth embodiment). (Experiment example) Combustion experiment of C 3 H 8 −N 2 low calorie gas with gas calorific value of 500 Kcal/Nm 3 (calculated value) According to Figure 4, the limit calorific value (Q L ) of this gas is
It is 640Kcal/ Nm3 . From this, the proportion of primary fuel (m) is 640-500/640×1.3≧m≧640-500/640×1.1 0.28≧m≧0.24 In order to make it self-combust, the primary air is given preheating enthalpy as m△Q. =0.24(640−500)=
It is necessary to give 33.6Kcal/Nm3 or more. (Experiment) The results of the combustion experiment are shown in Table 1 (based on 20°C and 1 atm).
【表】
これより計算値はほぼ満足していることがわか
つた。
以上述べたごとく本発明によれば、燃料および
空気をそれぞれ一次と二次とに分け、その一次の
燃料もしくは空気またはその両方を加熱し、一次
燃料を自燃可能とし、その一次燃焼の燃焼熱によ
つて残りの低カロリーガスを順次燃焼させるもの
であるから、低カロリーガスでも確実に着火させ
て、その燃焼を持続させることができ、しかも二
次側の燃料または空気を加熱しなくてもよい分だ
け、加熱器を小さくすることができるものであつ
て、経済性に優れている。[Table] From this, it was found that the calculated values were almost satisfied. As described above, according to the present invention, fuel and air are separated into primary and secondary, respectively, and the primary fuel and/or air are heated, so that the primary fuel can self-combust, and the combustion heat of the primary combustion is used. Therefore, since the remaining low-calorie gas is sequentially combusted, even low-calorie gas can be reliably ignited and its combustion can be sustained, and there is no need to heat the fuel or air on the secondary side. This makes it possible to reduce the size of the heater by that amount, making it highly economical.
第１図実線〜第４図は本発明の第１の実施例を
示し、第１図実線は概略縦断面図、第２図は要部
の概略正面図、第３図は自燃限界発熱量と予熱エ
ンタルピーの関係を示すグラフ、第４図は予熱エ
ンタルピーと総発熱量の関係を示すグラフであ
る。第１図仮想線は本発明の第２の実施例を示す
概略縦断面図、第５図は本発明の第３の実施例を
示す要部の斜視図、第６図は本発明の第４の実施
例を示す要部の斜視図である。
１…焚口、２…一次空気ノズル、３…一次燃料
ノズル、４…二次燃料ノズル、５…二次空気ノズ
ル、８Ａ…一次燃料供給管、９Ａ…一次空気供給
管、１０…空気加熱器、１２…燃料加熱器。
Figure 1 solid line to Figure 4 show the first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 solid line is a schematic vertical sectional view, Figure 2 is a schematic front view of main parts, and Figure 3 is a self-combustion limit calorific value. A graph showing the relationship between preheating enthalpy and FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between preheating enthalpy and total calorific value. FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing the second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the main part showing the third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the main parts of the embodiment. 1... Fire opening, 2... Primary air nozzle, 3... Primary fuel nozzle, 4... Secondary fuel nozzle, 5... Secondary air nozzle, 8A... Primary fuel supply pipe, 9A... Primary air supply pipe, 10... Air heater, 12...Fuel heater.
Claims (1)
に同心状に設けた一次空気ノズル内に一次燃料ノ
ズルを同心状に挿入し、一次空気ノズルの外側に
二次燃料ノズルを配設し、該二次燃料ノズルの外
側に二次空気ノズルを配設し、一次燃料ノズルに
接続された一次燃料供給管もしくは一次空気ノズ
ルに接続された一次空気供給管またはその両方に
加熱器を設けたことを特徴とするガスバーナ。1. The tip of the fire mouth is formed into a conical space, the primary fuel nozzle is inserted concentrically into the primary air nozzle provided concentrically within the fire mouth, and the secondary fuel nozzle is arranged outside the primary air nozzle. , a secondary air nozzle is arranged outside the secondary fuel nozzle, and a heater is provided in the primary fuel supply pipe connected to the primary fuel nozzle, the primary air supply pipe connected to the primary air nozzle, or both. A gas burner characterized by:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58238584A JPS60129517A (en) | 1983-12-16 | 1983-12-16 | Gas burner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58238584A JPS60129517A (en) | 1983-12-16 | 1983-12-16 | Gas burner |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60129517A JPS60129517A (en) | 1985-07-10 |
| JPH0133727B2 true JPH0133727B2 (en) | 1989-07-14 |
Family
ID=17032369
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58238584A Granted JPS60129517A (en) | 1983-12-16 | 1983-12-16 | Gas burner |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60129517A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2708421B2 (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1998-02-04 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | Decorative gas burner |
| CN101220954A (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2008-07-16 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | Combustor and combustion method for pure burning blast furnace gas or low-calorific value gas |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS53143251U (en) * | 1977-04-19 | 1978-11-11 | ||
| JPS5634016A (en) * | 1979-08-27 | 1981-04-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Burning method for low-caloric fuel |
-
1983
- 1983-12-16 JP JP58238584A patent/JPS60129517A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60129517A (en) | 1985-07-10 |
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