JPH0137088B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] In conventional soil cultivation or hydroponic cultivation outdoors or indoors such as in a greenhouse, the cultivated plant is supported with support rods to prevent it from falling over due to wind, etc. , it is unavoidable that the load of the cultivated plant is applied to the roots. As a result, there are disadvantages such as poor growth, hindered increase in yield, and increased susceptibility to diseases.

Furthermore, in both the conventional soil and hydroponic cultivation methods, the land is used in a flat manner, which limits the number of plants that can be planted and the amount of harvest per unit area.
Moreover, the roots of the cultivated plant are always in soil or water, which tends to be anaerobic and at low temperatures, resulting in reduced growth.In addition, in the case of hydroponic cultivation, there are disadvantages such as large evaporation loss of liquid fertilizer. Ta.

The present invention provides a cultivation device that can significantly increase the number of plants planted and the yield per unit, and in which multiple stages of holes are provided at appropriate intervals along the length of the cylinder wall. At the same time, a cylindrical body containing a plant bed made of fiber or the like that maintains air permeability and liquid permeability is placed upright in the internal space along its length, and a supply pipe for sprinkling liquid fertilizer from the top of the cylindrical body is attached. A supporting member for the cultivated object is provided surrounding the outer periphery of the cylindrical body, and a space for vertical cultivation is formed between them.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIGS. 1 to 4 are examples of the cultivation apparatus of the present invention, and the illustrated one is one in which a plurality of cultivation apparatuses are combined into one.
The plant is placed on one base and configured as one unit, and the vertical space above the cultivated plant is utilized to significantly increase the yield per unit area. This is a cultivation device that can be called a vertical three-dimensional system that produces high-quality cultivation.

The height and diameter of the unit can be appropriately selected depending on whether the unit is for home horticulture, industrial production, etc., and will be explained below using a unit for industrial production.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 indicates a cylindrical body made of strong synthetic resin or the like and having a circular cross section and a height of about 5 meters and a diameter of about 50 centimeters. The cylindrical body 1 was erected with its lower end flange fixed to a base 16 having a rectangular shape with a side of about 2 meters and having rotatable casters 17 at the four corners of the lower surface through bolts and nuts. . Further, the internal space of the cylinder 1 is divided into three vertical stages by a plurality of circular partition plates 18 made of synthetic resin with an outer diameter inscribed in the inner surface of the cylinder wall of the cylinder and provided with a large number of through holes 18a. Inside each container 1a separated by the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical body 1 and the partition plate 18, extremely thin cotton-like fibers 2 made of synthetic resin are housed, with countless spaces between the fibers, That is, the planting bed 3a was provided which was flexible and had an appropriate density while maintaining good ventilation and liquid permeability. Further, a liquid fertilizer supply pipe 8 made of synthetic resin or the like is provided inside the cylinder 1 and extends vertically on the central axis thereof, and the partition plates 18, 18
was fitted onto the outer periphery of the supply pipe 8 through its center hole and fixed at a predetermined position with an adhesive. At the top end of the supply pipe 8, there is a cap-shaped water spray nozzle 7 with a large number of small holes in the diagonally downward circumferential surface. Each container 1a divided into three tiers is provided with a hole 5 in the upper part of its cylindrical wall, the size of which is suitable for cultivating the cultivated objects A, so that the holes 5 are suitable for planting the cultivated objects A in the three upper and lower tiers. The holes 5, 5, 5 were made. Thus, a plurality of cultivated plants A are formed in the vertical direction.
allows for the cultivation of

An elastic annular support member 6 for the cultivated object A is removably fitted into each hole 5 so as to hold and support the inserted portion of the cultivated object A.

Further, a lid 4 having at least one ventilation hole 13 was provided on the upper part of the cylinder 1.

In addition, each stage has two or more holes 5 on the circumferential surface of its cylinder wall.
It is preferable that a plurality of cultivated objects A can be cultivated by using the planar space around the outer circumference of the tube, and in the illustrated example, four holes 5 are provided on the circumferential surface of the cylinder wall.

The base of the supply pipe 8 protrudes into a circumferential wall 19 provided on the periphery of the base 16 as a connecting pipe 8a, and can be freely inserted into and removed from the connecting pipe 8a. The other ends of the external supply pipes 8 are connected via the external supply pipes 8. A large number of drain ports 11 are arranged on the lower peripheral surface of the cylinder 1, and the base 1
A connecting portion 2 that protrudes and opens into the peripheral side wall 19 in a tubular shape through a space 20 surrounded by the peripheral side wall 19 on the peripheral side wall 19.
It is connected to the supply source 10 via a return pipe 12 which is removably connected to the supply source 10.

It is preferable that the supply source 10 is a constant temperature bath that maintains a required amount of fertilizer water at a constant temperature. Connecting projections 22 projecting upward are provided at the four corners of the base 16, into which hollow synthetic resin frame frames 23 of less than 7 meters in length are fitted, and between each of the four frame frames 23, 23. A suitable mesh net was stretched on all four sides to provide a supporting member 6 for the crop A to be cultivated in the shape of a rectangular frame with a height of just under 7 meters.

In this way, a support member 6 is formed that surrounds the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 1 and is significantly higher than the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 1.
On the upper surface of the base 16, a space 24 for vertical three-dimensional cultivation, which is approximately 2 meters on each side and surrounded on all sides, is formed.

The cultivation device is usually installed under a roof or indoors such as a greenhouse.

To cultivate tomatoes, for example, as the cultivated object A using this cultivation device, first insert the root part b of the tomato seedling A into each hole 5, and then insert the main trunk a of the inserted part of the tomato seedling A into its elastic annular shape. Supported by a support member 6, the load of the main body of the seedling A is not applied to the root part b, and the root part b is maintained in a state suspended in the air with no load in the container 1a.

Moreover, the main trunk a of the seedling A is a net-shaped support member 6
If the saplings A reach the saplings A, the support in each container 1a can be omitted by appropriately tying them to the net-like support member 6 with connectors 15 such as strings or bands at various locations, and the load of the saplings A can be completely absorbed. Due to the net-like support member 6, the load of the main body of the seedling A is not applied to the root portion b inserted into each planting bed 3, and a good suspended state is maintained. Root growth is significantly promoted.

During cultivation, when the pump 9 is driven, the liquid fertilizer from the supply source 10 passes through the supply pipe 8 and is sprayed from the watering nozzle 7 at the top of the supply pipe 8, and is dispersed in droplets to cover the area of the cylinder 1. into the upper container 1a,
The liquid gradually flows down, passes through the middle container 1a, then the lower container 1a, gradually flows out from the drain port 11 at the lower end, returns to the supply source 10 via the return pipe 12, and returns to the supply pipe 8. A circulating supply of liquid fertilizer is carried out. At this time, the porous partition plate 18 serves as a one-way air communication path that once disperses the liquid fertilizer flowing down from the upper surface and then sends it downward.

In addition, since the liquid fertilizer is circulated throughout the cultivation period by the supply pipe 8 and the cylinder 1, unlike conventional hydroponic cultivation, the liquid level in the liquid fertilizer tank is heated by the sun. This prevents the disadvantage of large evaporation loss, making it extremely suitable for use in summer, tropical regions, or dry regions.

The separated containers 1a shown in the figure were formed as follows. That is, each container 1a is
3 at a predetermined interval below the seedling insertion hole 5.
A plurality of porous partition plates 18, 18, 18 are arranged, and an air permeable fiber planting bed 3a with a relatively large density is formed in the upper space 1a1, and a relatively dense fiber planting bed 3a is formed in the space 1a2 between them. A similar fiber planting bed 3b with a small diameter was formed, and a planting bed 3c containing only air without any fibers was formed in the lower space 1a3. Thus, root b
The resistance to the roots of the planting beds 3a, 3b, and 3c was gradually weakened to promote growth as the plants became thinner as they grew. Therefore,
The through-holes 18a provided in each of the porous partition plates 18, 18, 18 are formed in advance so that the through-holes 18a can be easily inserted according to the thickness of the root portion thereof.

In this way, the liquid fertilizer is dispersed and adhered to the flexible fibrous 2-shaped planting bed 3 in each divided container 1a through the liquid fertilizer supply pipe 8 from the watering nozzle 7 at the top thereof, and the root part b of the seedling A is There are numerous spaces between the fibers 2, which are provided to the root hairs, and a planting bed 3 with good liquid permeability and air permeability is maintained by supplying water droplets of liquid fertilizer, and Maintaining good environmental conditions and due to the flexibility of the fibers 2, the roots b
Growth under virtually no load occurs without interfering with elongation and branching of root hairs.

As a result of many experiments, the elongation of the roots b is approximately 4 to 5 times that of soil cultivation and approximately 1.5 times that of conventional hydroponic cultivation when the same fertilizer is applied, and the growth of root hairs is significantly increased. The growth of the main stem a of cultivated tomatoes is about 4 to 6 times that of soil cultivation, and the fruit yield per unit area is 6 times that of soil cultivation, and about 2 to 3 times that of general hydroponic cultivation. Ta.

In addition, as the tomato seedling A grows, its main trunk a
It is preferable to gradually increase the connection support by the connecting tool 15 to the net-like support member 6.

Further, in the above device, the base 16 is the caster 1
Since the unit can be rotated by 7, by reversing the direction of the unit at appropriate times during cultivation work and providing uniform sunlight, it is possible to uniformly cultivate the cultivated object A on the entire circumference of the cylinder. .

In addition, a planting bed 25 made of fibers is similarly provided in the internal space of the base 16, and a lid 26 provided with a hole 5 for planting seedlings A on the upper surface of the peripheral wall 19 is closed to cover the hole 5.
If a suitable seedling A is inserted into the seedling A, flat cultivation is also possible using the 16 sides of the base. in this case,
Since the liquid fertilizer discharged from the cylinder 1 is supplied to the planting bed 25, good cultivation is possible.

Although the cultivation apparatus of the present invention has been described above with reference to the cultivation of tomatoes, it can also be used for the cultivation of various other fruits and vegetables, fruits, Western vegetables, etc., and the cultivation of flowers such as ornamental plants.

In this way, when using the cultivation device of the present invention, a cylinder and a support member surrounding the outer periphery are installed vertically, and holes are provided along the height of the cylinder to plant objects to be cultivated in multiple stages. Since the vertical three-dimensional space around the outer periphery of the internal planting bed is used as the cultivation space, cultivation can be done by keeping the cultivated plants suspended in the space without applying any load to the roots of the plants to be cultivated. As a result, root growth is remarkable, which has the effect of significantly increasing production compared to conventional methods.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a top view of an example of the device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway side view, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line -- in FIG. - Shows a cutaway cross-sectional view. A...Cultivated body, a...Stem, b...Root, 1...
... Cylinder, 2 ... Fiber, 3 ... Plant bed, 5 ... Hole, 6
... Support member, 7 ... Water nozzle, 8 ... Supply pipe.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of holes are provided at appropriate intervals along the length of the cylinder wall, and a planting bed made of fiber or the like that maintains ventilation and liquid permeability is housed in the internal space along the length. The cylindrical body is made to stand upright, and a supply pipe is attached to the top of the cylindrical body to sprinkle liquid fertilizer, and a supporting member for the cultivated plant is attached surrounding the outer periphery of the cylindrical body, and a vertical three-dimensional structure is installed between these. A cultivation device that forms a cultivation space.