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JPH0138303B2 - - Google Patents
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JPH0138303B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0138303B2
JPH0138303B2 JP57155851A JP15585182A JPH0138303B2 JP H0138303 B2 JPH0138303 B2 JP H0138303B2 JP 57155851 A JP57155851 A JP 57155851A JP 15585182 A JP15585182 A JP 15585182A JP H0138303 B2 JPH0138303 B2 JP H0138303B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
polyester resin
acid
resin
molecular weight
meth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP57155851A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5945453A (en
Inventor
Hiroshi Ozawa
Masaaki Hata
Akio Fujiwara
Akio Matsuyama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Inc
Original Assignee
Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Inc filed Critical Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Inc
Priority to JP57155851A priority Critical patent/JPS5945453A/en
Publication of JPS5945453A publication Critical patent/JPS5945453A/en
Publication of JPH0138303B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0138303B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00Developers
    • G03G9/08Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08742Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08755Polyesters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00Developers
    • G03G9/08Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08784Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
    • G03G9/08786Graft polymers

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は電子写真法の現象に用いられる静電荷
像現象用乾式トナーに関するものである。 電子写真法はセレン、酸化亜鉛、硫化カドミウ
ムなどの光導電性材料によつて構成された感光体
上に種々の方法によつて電気的潜像を形成し、こ
の潜像にトナーを静電的に付着せしめ、さらにこ
のトナー画像を紙などの支持体上に転写させた
後、定着せしめて複写物とするものである。近年
複写速度の高速化および省エネルギーの見地か
ら、加熱ロールにより定着させる方式が主流を占
めつつある。 かかる熱ロール定着方式において粉体トナーに
要求される熱特性としては、可能な限り低い温度
で定着が可能で、さらに可能な限り高い温度ま
で、ロール側にトナーが付着する現象、すなわち
オフセツトをおこさないことが挙げられる。 本発明者らは、上記のような加熱ロールによる
定着方式に発生する問題を解決するために研究を
重ねた結果、低温でも紙に対してすぐれた定着性
を示しかつ高温までオフセツトすることなく湿度
によつても影響されない安定した画像を形成する
乾式トナーを完成するに到つた。 すなわち本発明は、分子末端に少くとも1個の
(メタ)アクリロイル基を含有する数平均分子量
1000〜10000のポリエステル樹脂に(メタ)アク
リロイル基と共重合可能なビニル単量体を共重合
してなる常温で固体の樹脂を必須成分とする乾式
トナーである。 上記(メタ)アクリロイル基を含有するポリエ
ステル樹脂は、二塩基酸とポリオールより重縮合
して得られるポリエステル樹脂の少くとも1個の
分子末端の水酸基に(メタ)アクリル酸を縮合し
たものである。上記二塩基酸の代表的なものとし
ては、無水フタル酸、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、
テレフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸、マロ
ン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、アゼ
ライン酸、セバシン酸などの飽和二塩基酸、およ
び無水マレイン酸、フマール酸、イタコン酸、テ
トラヒドロ無水フタル酸、メサコン酸、シトラコ
ン酸等の不飽和二塩基酸などが挙げられる。 次にポリオール成分としては、エチレングリコ
ール、1,2−プロピレングリコール、1,3−
ブチレングリコール、1,4−ブチレングリコー
ル、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、ネオペンチルグ
リコール、3,3,5−トリメチル−2,4−ペ
ンタンジオール、ジプロピレングリコール、水添
ビスフエノールA、ビスフエノールA、ビスフエ
ノールAプロピレンオキサイド付加物、ビスフエ
ノールAエチレンオキサイド付加物等のジオール
類の他に無水トリメリツト酸、グリセリン、トリ
メチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパンなど
の三官能化合物も用いる事ができる。 (メタ)アクリロイル基と重合可能なビニル単
量体としては、例えば、スチレンビニルトルエ
ン、パラメチルスチレン、α−メチルスチレン等
の芳香族ビニル単量体、メタクリル酸メチル、メ
タクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸イソプロピル、
メタクリル酸ブチル、メタクリル酸シクロヘキシ
ル、メタクリル酸ベンジル、メタクリル酸ステア
リル、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、ア
クリル酸ブチル、アクリル酸オクチル、メタクリ
ル酸ヒドロキシエチル等のアクリル酸エステル、
またはメタクリル酸エステル類が特に好ましく、
この他フマール酸ジエステル類、マレイン酸ジエ
ステル類、イタコン酸ジエステル類、アクリロニ
トリル、酢酸ビニル、アクリル酸、メタクリル
酸、無水マレイン酸、イタコン酸等の不飽和カル
ボン酸類を併用しても良い。 ポリエステル化の反応は、常法により好ましく
はOH過剰率0〜10%の範囲で、不活性ガス気流
中、無溶剤または溶剤の存在下に150〜250℃の温
度範囲で行われる。反応の追跡は、酸価を測定す
ることにより行なうこともできるが、通常GPC
によつて測定した数平均分子量が1000〜10000の
ポリエステルが得られた時点で反応を終了すると
便利である。 このようにして得られるヒドロキシル基末端の
ポリエステル樹脂と(メタ)アクリル酸とをエス
テル縮合することにより、分子末端に少なくとも
1個の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するポリエス
テル樹脂が得られる。縮合する(メタ)アクリル
酸の量は、ポリエステル樹脂末端のヒドロキシル
基に対して0.4〜1.0当量であることが好ましく、
0.4当量以下の場合は、ポリエステル樹脂とビニ
ル単量体との共重合が不十分で、乾式トナー実用
時に耐オフセツト性が十分でない。 このようにして得られる分子末端に少なくとも
1個の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するポリエス
テル樹脂の分子量は、(メタ)アクリル酸とエス
テル縮合する前のヒドロキシル基末端のポリエス
テル樹脂の分子量によつて決定されるが、数平均
分子量1000〜10000のものが使用可能である。而
して数平均分子量が1000以下の場合は、メタアク
リロイル基の濃度が相対的に高くなり、ビニル単
量体との共重合中にゲル化する傾向が大きい。一
般に、ゲル化を防止するには、ヒドロキシル基と
反応させる(メタ)アクリル酸の量を減少させる
必要があるが、この場合ビニル単量体と共重合し
ない低分子量のポリエステルが存在する為、乾式
トナー実用時に耐オフセツト性が十分でない。一
方、数平均分子量が10000以上の場合は、ビニル
単量体との共重合体の分子量が余りに大きく、乾
式トナー実用時に定着性が十分でない。 分子末端に少なくとも1個の(メタ)アクリロ
イル基を有するポリエステル樹脂の前記ビニル単
量体との共重合は、ポリエステル樹脂をビニル単
量体に溶解し、重合開始剤の存在下または熱重合
により塊状重合若しくは懸濁重合を行なうか、或
は上記ポリエステル樹脂をキシロール、トルオー
ルなどの有機溶剤に溶解したものにビニル単量体
および重合開始剤を加えて共重合し、しかる後に
有機溶剤および未反応のビニル単量体を除去する
方法等によつて常温で固体の樹脂を得ることがで
きる。 而してポリエステル樹脂と共重合されるビニル
単量体の重量割合は、ポリエステル樹脂が10〜70
重量%に対し、共重合されるビニル単量体が90〜
30重量%であることが好ましく、更にポリエステ
ル樹脂が、20〜60重量%に対し共重合されるビニ
ル単量体が80〜40重量%であることが好ましい。
ポリエステル樹脂の割合が20重量%以下になる場
合は乾式トナー実用時に耐オフセツト性が、十分
でなく、また60重量%以上となる場合はビニル単
量体との共重合時にゲル化する傾向があり好まし
くない。 上記の方法で得られる本発明の常温で固体の樹
脂は、メルトインデツクス(ASTMーD1238ー
57、150℃、荷重2160g)が2〜100(g/10分)
であることが好ましく、特に5〜40(g/10分)
であることが好ましい。また、本発明よる乾式ト
ナーは、粉末の状態で用いられるので、常温で固
体であり且つ上記した樹脂のガラス転移温度は、
50℃以上、特に60〜90℃の範囲であることが好ま
しい。 本発明で用いられる常温で固体の樹脂は、カー
ボンブラツクに代表される各種着色顔料、摩擦帯
電性を調整する為の、例えばニグロシン、含金染
料等の荷電調整剤、オフセツト等の改良に用いら
れるポリオレフインワツクス、ステアリン酸誘導
体、シリコンオイル等の助剤、また磁性トナーと
する場合には磁性酸化鉄、還元鉄粉等を混合し、
溶融状態で混練した後、平均粒径5〜20μに微粉
砕して乾式トナーにする。 この際、樹脂成分としてスチレン共重合樹脂、
ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、石油樹脂等の
固型樹脂を本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲で併用
することも可能である。 このようにして得られる本発明の乾式トナー
は、高速複写時のような加熱ロールとの接触時間
が短くなり、低温での定着条件と同様な挙動を示
す条件、或は一般的な低温での定着が可能で、加
熱ロールへのオフセツト現象がなく且つ高湿度等
の複写環境や長時間の連続複写においても帯電量
の変化が少く、更にカブリ等の画質不良をも生じ
ないものである。 以下実施例を示し本発明を更に具体的に説明す
る。 なお、GPCによる数平均分子量の測定は下記
の条件によつて測定した。 G.P.C装置 : JASCO TWINCLE HPLC DETECTOR : SHODEX RI−SE−31 COLUMN : SHODEX GPCA−80M 2本 溶 媒 : テトラヒドロフラン 流 速 : 1.2ML/MIN 実施例 1 ネオペンチルグリコール109g、イソフタル酸
166gを撹拌機つき反応器に仕込み、加熱溶融さ
せ、生成する水を溜共しながら、220℃でエステ
ル化反応を行つた。溜出水量が34.8g、酸価が0.8
になつた時点で、150℃に降温し、メタアクリル
酸8.5gを加え、さらにエステル化を進行させ、分
子末端にメタアクリロイル基を有するポリエステ
ル樹脂を得た。 上記ポリエステル樹脂をTHFに溶解させ、
GPCにより分子量を測定した結果、数平均分子
量は、4800であつた。 上記ポリエステル樹脂300gをキシロール1000g
に溶解させ、キシロール還流条件下で、スチレン
500g、メタクリル酸ブチル200g、アゾビスイソ
ブチロニトリル40gの混合物を4時間にわたつて
滴下し、さらに1時間還流させた後、最高200℃
まで加熱し、真空で溶剤を溜共して本発明の常温
で固体の樹脂(A)を製造した。 上記樹脂(A)のガラス転移温度は、65℃
(DSC法で測定)、メルトインデツクス(ASTM
ーD1238−57、150℃、荷重 2160g)は、24.7で
あつた。 上記樹脂(A)940gとカーボンブラツク50g及
びニグロシン10g、オフセツト防止剤としてポリ
プロピレンワツクス20gとを混合し、二軸押出機
で溶融混練後、微粉砕機を用い粉砕し、分級を行
つて粒子径3〜20μの粒子を集め、本発明の乾式
トナー(A)を製造した。 実施例 2 水添ビスフエノールA120g、エチレングリコー
ル31g、トリメチロールプロパン6.7g、無水フタ
ール酸140.6g、無水マレイン酸4.9gを撹拌機つき
反応器に仕込み加熱し、生成する水を溜去しなが
ら、200℃でエステル化反応を行つた。溜出水量
が35.4g、酸価が1.0に達した時点で150℃に降温
し、メタクリル酸12.0gを加え、さらにエステル
化を進行させ分子末端にメタアクリロイル基を有
するポリエステル樹脂を得た。 上記ポリエステル樹脂をTHFに溶解させ、
GPCにより分子量を測定した結果、数平均分子
量は7200であつた。 上記ポリエステル樹脂250gをキシロール1000g
に溶解させキシロール還流下でメタクリル酸メチ
ル650g、メタクリル酸ブチル100g、アゾビスイ
ソブチロニトリル20gの混合物を4時間にわたつ
て滴下し、さらに1時間還流させた後、最高200
℃まで加熱し、真空で溶剤を溜去して本発明の常
温で固体の樹脂(B)を得た。 上記樹脂(B)の実施例1と同様に測定したガ
ラス転移温度は70℃、メルトインデツクスは12.7
であつた。 上記樹脂(B)を用い実施例1における固型樹
脂(A)を置き換えた以外は全く実施例1と同様
にして本発明の乾式トナー(B)を製造した。 比較例 1 実施例1におけると同様にして得られたメタク
リル酸と反応させる前のポリエステル樹脂300g
をキシロール1000gに溶解させ、スチレン、メタ
クリル酸ブチル、アゾビスイソブチロニトリルの
混合物を滴下し同様な条件で共重合を行ないしか
る後に溶媒を除去し、比較例用の固体樹脂(C)
を得、実施例1と全く同様にして比較例用乾式ト
ナー(C)を製造した。 比較例 2 実施例2におけると同様にして得られたメタク
リル酸と反応させる前のポリエステル樹脂250g
をキシロール1000gに溶解させ、メタクリル酸メ
チル、メタクリル酸ブチル、アゾビスイソブチロ
ニトリルの混合物を滴下し、同様な条件で共重合
を行ない、しかる後に溶媒を除去し、比較例用の
固体樹脂(D)を得、実施例1と全く同様にして
比較用乾式トナー(D)を製造した。 比較例 3 ネオペンチルグリコール156g、イソフタル酸
166gを撹拌機つき反応器に仕込み、加熱溶融さ
せ、生成する水を溜去しながら、220℃でエステ
ル化反応を行つた。溜出水量が30g、酸価が1.2に
なつた時点で、150℃に降温し、メタアクリル酸
22gを加え、さらにエステル化を進行させ分子末
端にメタアクリロイル基を有するポリエステル樹
脂を得た。 上記ポリエステル樹脂をTHFに溶解させ、
GPCにより分子量を測定した結果、数平均分子
量は、940であつた。 上記ポリエステル樹脂300gをキシロール1000g
に溶解させ、キシロール還流条件下で、スチレン
500g、メタクリル酸ブチル200g、アゾビスイソ
ブチロニトリル40gの混合物を4時間にわたつて
滴下し、さらに1時間還流させた後、最高200℃
まで加熱し、真空で溶剤を溜去して比較例用の固
体樹脂(E)を得、実施例1と全く同様にして比
較用乾式トナー(E)を製造した。 比較例 4 ネオペンチルグリコール107g、イソフタル酸
166gを撹拌機つき反応器に仕込み、加熱溶融さ
せ生成する水を溜去しながら220℃でエステル化
反応を行つた。溜出水量が35g、酸価が、0.2にな
つた時点で150℃に降温し、メタアクリル酸2.5g
を加え、さらにエステル化を進行させ分子末端に
メタアクリロイル基を有するポリエステル樹脂を
得た。 上記ポリエステル樹脂をTHFに溶解させ、
GPCにより分子量を測定した結果、数平均分子
量は、12500であつた。 上記ポリエステル樹脂300gをキシロール1000g
に溶解させキシロール還流条件下で、スチレン
500g、メタクリル酸ブチル200g、アゾビスイソ
ブチロニトリル50gの混合物を4時間にわたつて
滴下し、さらに1時間還流させた後、最高200℃
まで加熱し、真空で溶剤を溜去して比較例用の固
体樹脂(F)を得、実施例1と全く同様にして比
較用乾式トナー(F)を製造した。 本発明の乾式トナーの評価: 本発明の実施例および比較例の各トナーについ
て硫化カドミウム感光体及びテフロン熱ロールを
用いた市販の電子複写機を用いて評価を行なつ
た。 評価結果を表1に示す。
The present invention relates to a dry toner for electrostatic image phenomena used in electrophotographic phenomena. In electrophotography, an electrical latent image is formed by various methods on a photoreceptor made of a photoconductive material such as selenium, zinc oxide, or cadmium sulfide, and toner is electrostatically applied to this latent image. This toner image is then transferred onto a support such as paper and then fixed to produce a copy. In recent years, from the viewpoint of increasing copying speed and saving energy, methods of fixing using heated rolls have become mainstream. The thermal properties required of the powder toner in such a heated roll fixing method are such that fixing can be performed at the lowest possible temperature, and furthermore, the phenomenon of toner adhesion to the roll side, that is, offset, can occur at as high a temperature as possible. One example is that there is no such thing. As a result of repeated research in order to solve the problems that occur in the fixing method using heated rolls as described above, the inventors of the present invention have found that they exhibit excellent fixing properties on paper even at low temperatures, and do not offset humidity even at high temperatures. We have now completed a dry toner that forms stable images that are not affected by the environment. That is, the present invention is directed to a number-average molecular weight compound containing at least one (meth)acryloyl group at the molecular end.
This is a dry toner whose essential component is a resin that is solid at room temperature and is made by copolymerizing a vinyl monomer copolymerizable with a (meth)acryloyl group to a polyester resin of 1,000 to 10,000. The above-mentioned (meth)acryloyl group-containing polyester resin is obtained by condensing (meth)acrylic acid to the hydroxyl group at at least one molecule end of a polyester resin obtained by polycondensation from a dibasic acid and a polyol. Typical dibasic acids mentioned above include phthalic anhydride, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid,
Saturated dibasic acids such as terephthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, mesaconic acid , unsaturated dibasic acids such as citraconic acid, and the like. Next, as polyol components, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-
Butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3,3,5-trimethyl-2,4-pentanediol, dipropylene glycol, hydrogenated bisphenol A, bisphenol A, In addition to diols such as bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct and bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct, trifunctional compounds such as trimellitic anhydride, glycerin, trimethylolethane, and trimethylolpropane can also be used. Examples of vinyl monomers polymerizable with (meth)acryloyl groups include aromatic vinyl monomers such as styrene vinyltoluene, paramethylstyrene, and α-methylstyrene, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and isopropyl methacrylate. ,
Acrylic acid esters such as butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate,
or methacrylic acid esters are particularly preferred;
In addition, unsaturated carboxylic acids such as fumaric diesters, maleic diesters, itaconic diesters, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, and itaconic acid may be used in combination. The polyesterification reaction is carried out by a conventional method, preferably at an OH excess of 0 to 10%, in an inert gas stream, without a solvent or in the presence of a solvent, at a temperature of 150 to 250°C. Reactions can be tracked by measuring the acid value, but GPC is usually used to track the reaction.
It is convenient to terminate the reaction when a polyester having a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 10,000 as measured by the above method is obtained. A polyester resin having at least one (meth)acryloyl group at the molecular end is obtained by ester condensation of the hydroxyl group-terminated polyester resin thus obtained and (meth)acrylic acid. The amount of (meth)acrylic acid to be condensed is preferably 0.4 to 1.0 equivalent to the hydroxyl group at the end of the polyester resin,
If the amount is less than 0.4 equivalent, the copolymerization of the polyester resin and vinyl monomer will be insufficient, and the dry toner will not have sufficient offset resistance when put into practical use. The molecular weight of the polyester resin having at least one (meth)acryloyl group at the molecular end obtained in this manner is determined by the molecular weight of the polyester resin having a hydroxyl group end before ester condensation with (meth)acrylic acid. However, those with a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 10,000 can be used. When the number average molecular weight is 1000 or less, the concentration of methacryloyl groups becomes relatively high, and there is a strong tendency for gelation to occur during copolymerization with vinyl monomers. Generally, in order to prevent gelation, it is necessary to reduce the amount of (meth)acrylic acid reacted with hydroxyl groups, but in this case, since there is a low molecular weight polyester that does not copolymerize with vinyl monomers, dry Toner does not have sufficient offset resistance when put into practical use. On the other hand, when the number average molecular weight is 10,000 or more, the molecular weight of the copolymer with the vinyl monomer is too large, and the fixing performance is not sufficient when the dry toner is put into practical use. Copolymerization of a polyester resin having at least one (meth)acryloyl group at the molecular end with the vinyl monomer is carried out by dissolving the polyester resin in the vinyl monomer and forming it into a lump in the presence of a polymerization initiator or by thermal polymerization. Polymerization or suspension polymerization is carried out, or the above polyester resin is dissolved in an organic solvent such as xylene or toluene, and a vinyl monomer and a polymerization initiator are added thereto for copolymerization, and then the organic solvent and unreacted A resin that is solid at room temperature can be obtained by a method such as removing the vinyl monomer. Therefore, the weight ratio of the vinyl monomer copolymerized with the polyester resin is 10 to 70%.
The vinyl monomer to be copolymerized is 90 to 90% by weight.
It is preferable that the amount is 30% by weight, and it is further preferable that the polyester resin is 20 to 60% by weight and the vinyl monomer copolymerized is 80 to 40% by weight.
If the proportion of polyester resin is less than 20% by weight, the dry toner will not have sufficient offset resistance when used in practical use, and if it exceeds 60% by weight, it will tend to gel when copolymerized with vinyl monomer. Undesirable. The resin of the present invention, which is solid at room temperature and obtained by the above method, has a melt index (ASTM-D1238-
57, 150℃, load 2160g) is 2 to 100 (g/10 minutes)
It is preferable that it is, especially 5 to 40 (g/10 minutes)
It is preferable that Further, since the dry toner according to the present invention is used in a powder state, it is solid at room temperature, and the glass transition temperature of the resin described above is
The temperature is preferably 50°C or higher, particularly in the range of 60 to 90°C. The resin used in the present invention, which is solid at room temperature, can be used to improve various coloring pigments such as carbon black, charge control agents such as nigrosine and metal-containing dyes to adjust triboelectric charging properties, offset, etc. Auxiliary agents such as polyolefin wax, stearic acid derivatives, and silicone oil, as well as magnetic iron oxide, reduced iron powder, etc., are mixed to form a magnetic toner.
After kneading in the molten state, the powder is finely ground to an average particle size of 5 to 20 microns to form a dry toner. At this time, styrene copolymer resin as a resin component,
It is also possible to use solid resins such as polyester resins, epoxy resins, and petroleum resins in combination within a range that does not impede the effects of the present invention. The dry toner of the present invention obtained in this way can be used under conditions such as during high-speed copying, where the contact time with the heating roll is shortened and the behavior is similar to low-temperature fixing conditions, or under general low-temperature conditions. It is capable of fixing, has no offset phenomenon to the heating roll, has little change in the amount of charge even in a copying environment of high humidity, or during continuous copying over a long period of time, and does not cause poor image quality such as fogging. EXAMPLES The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to Examples. The number average molecular weight was measured by GPC under the following conditions. GPC device: JASCO TWINCLE HPLC DETECTOR: SHODEX RI-SE-31 COLUMN: SHODEX GPCA-80M 2 bottles Solvent: Tetrahydrofuran Flow rate: 1.2 ML/MIN Example 1 Neopentyl glycol 109 g, isophthalic acid
166 g was charged into a reactor equipped with a stirrer, heated and melted, and an esterification reaction was carried out at 220° C. while distilling the produced water. Distilled water amount is 34.8g, acid value is 0.8
When the temperature reached 150° C., 8.5 g of methacrylic acid was added, and esterification was further progressed to obtain a polyester resin having a methacryloyl group at the end of the molecule. Dissolve the above polyester resin in THF,
As a result of measuring the molecular weight by GPC, the number average molecular weight was 4,800. 300g of the above polyester resin and 1000g of xylol
Styrene was dissolved in xylene under reflux conditions.
A mixture of 500 g of butyl methacrylate, 200 g of azobisisobutyronitrile, and 40 g of azobisisobutyronitrile was added dropwise over 4 hours, refluxed for an additional hour, and then heated to a maximum temperature of 200°C.
The resin (A) of the present invention, which is solid at room temperature, was produced by heating the resin to 100% and distilling the solvent in vacuo. The glass transition temperature of the above resin (A) is 65℃
(measured by DSC method), melt index (ASTM
-D1238-57, 150℃, load 2160g) was 24.7. 940 g of the above resin (A), 50 g of carbon black, 10 g of nigrosine, and 20 g of polypropylene wax as an offset inhibitor were mixed, melt-kneaded in a twin-screw extruder, pulverized using a pulverizer, and classified to obtain a particle size. Particles of 3 to 20 μm were collected to produce a dry toner (A) of the present invention. Example 2 120 g of hydrogenated bisphenol A, 31 g of ethylene glycol, 6.7 g of trimethylolpropane, 140.6 g of phthalic anhydride, and 4.9 g of maleic anhydride were charged into a reactor equipped with a stirrer and heated, while distilling off the water produced. The esterification reaction was carried out at 200°C. When the amount of distilled water reached 35.4 g and the acid value reached 1.0, the temperature was lowered to 150°C, 12.0 g of methacrylic acid was added, and esterification was further progressed to obtain a polyester resin having a methacryloyl group at the molecular end. Dissolve the above polyester resin in THF,
As a result of measuring the molecular weight by GPC, the number average molecular weight was 7,200. 250g of the above polyester resin and 1000g of xylol
A mixture of 650 g of methyl methacrylate, 100 g of butyl methacrylate, and 20 g of azobisisobutyronitrile was added dropwise over 4 hours under reflux. After further refluxing for 1 hour,
The mixture was heated to .degree. C. and the solvent was distilled off in vacuo to obtain the resin (B) of the present invention which is solid at room temperature. The glass transition temperature of the resin (B) measured in the same manner as in Example 1 was 70°C, and the melt index was 12.7.
It was hot. A dry toner (B) of the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the resin (B) above was used to replace the solid resin (A) in Example 1. Comparative Example 1 300 g of polyester resin obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 before reacting with methacrylic acid
was dissolved in 1000 g of xylene, and a mixture of styrene, butyl methacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile was added dropwise to carry out copolymerization under the same conditions. After that, the solvent was removed to obtain a solid resin (C) for comparative example.
A dry toner (C) for comparative example was produced in exactly the same manner as in Example 1. Comparative Example 2 250 g of polyester resin obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 before reacting with methacrylic acid
was dissolved in 1000 g of xylol, a mixture of methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile was added dropwise, and copolymerization was carried out under the same conditions. After that, the solvent was removed and the solid resin for comparative example ( D) was obtained, and a comparative dry toner (D) was produced in exactly the same manner as in Example 1. Comparative example 3 Neopentyl glycol 156g, isophthalic acid
166 g was charged into a reactor equipped with a stirrer, heated and melted, and an esterification reaction was carried out at 220° C. while distilling off the produced water. When the amount of distilled water reaches 30g and the acid value reaches 1.2, the temperature is lowered to 150℃ and methacrylic acid
22 g was added, and esterification was further progressed to obtain a polyester resin having a methacryloyl group at the end of the molecule. Dissolve the above polyester resin in THF,
As a result of measuring the molecular weight by GPC, the number average molecular weight was 940. 300g of the above polyester resin and 1000g of xylol
Styrene was dissolved in xylol under reflux conditions.
A mixture of 500 g of butyl methacrylate, 200 g of azobisisobutyronitrile, and 40 g of azobisisobutyronitrile was added dropwise over 4 hours, refluxed for an additional hour, and then heated to a maximum temperature of 200°C.
The solvent was distilled off under vacuum to obtain a solid resin (E) for comparison, and a dry toner (E) for comparison was produced in exactly the same manner as in Example 1. Comparative example 4 Neopentyl glycol 107g, isophthalic acid
166 g was charged into a reactor equipped with a stirrer, heated and melted, and an esterification reaction was carried out at 220° C. while distilling off the produced water. When the amount of distilled water reaches 35g and the acid value reaches 0.2, the temperature is lowered to 150℃ and 2.5g of methacrylic acid
was added, and esterification was further advanced to obtain a polyester resin having a methacryloyl group at the end of the molecule. Dissolve the above polyester resin in THF,
As a result of measuring the molecular weight by GPC, the number average molecular weight was 12,500. 300g of the above polyester resin and 1000g of xylol
Dissolve xylene in styrene under reflux conditions.
A mixture of 500 g of butyl methacrylate, 200 g of azobisisobutyronitrile, and 50 g of azobisisobutyronitrile was added dropwise over 4 hours, refluxed for an additional hour, and heated to a maximum of 200℃.
The solid resin (F) for comparative example was obtained by heating to 100 ml and the solvent was distilled off in vacuo, and a dry toner for comparison (F) was produced in exactly the same manner as in Example 1. Evaluation of Dry Toner of the Present Invention: Each of the toners of Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention was evaluated using a commercially available electronic copying machine using a cadmium sulfide photoreceptor and a Teflon hot roll. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

【表】【table】

【表】【table】

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 分子末端に少くとも1個の(メタ)アクリロ
イル基を含有する数平均分子量1000〜10000のポ
リエステル樹脂に(メタ)アクリロイル基と共重
合可能なビニル単量体を共重合してなる常温で固
体の樹脂を含有することを特徴とする乾式トナ
ー。
1. Solid at room temperature made by copolymerizing a polyester resin with a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 10,000 containing at least one (meth)acryloyl group at the end of the molecule and a vinyl monomer copolymerizable with the (meth)acryloyl group. A dry toner characterized by containing a resin.
JP57155851A 1982-09-09 1982-09-09 Dry type toner Granted JPS5945453A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57155851A JPS5945453A (en) 1982-09-09 1982-09-09 Dry type toner

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57155851A JPS5945453A (en) 1982-09-09 1982-09-09 Dry type toner

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5945453A JPS5945453A (en) 1984-03-14
JPH0138303B2 true JPH0138303B2 (en) 1989-08-14

Family

ID=15614881

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP57155851A Granted JPS5945453A (en) 1982-09-09 1982-09-09 Dry type toner

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5945453A (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0713754B2 (en) * 1984-10-01 1995-02-15 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic developer
JPH01179951A (en) * 1988-01-11 1989-07-18 Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd Binder for toner
JP2886951B2 (en) * 1990-07-30 1999-04-26 三井化学株式会社 Dry toner binder
US6288166B1 (en) 1993-09-03 2001-09-11 Kao Corporation Binder resin for toner and positively chargeable toner containing the same
JP3217936B2 (en) * 1995-05-29 2001-10-15 花王株式会社 Non-magnetic one-component toner
JP5309751B2 (en) * 2008-07-23 2013-10-09 コニカミノルタ株式会社 Toner, developer, and image forming method

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5613313B2 (en) * 1973-12-14 1981-03-27
JPS5933907B2 (en) * 1977-07-29 1984-08-18 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Method for producing electrophotographic toner composition
JPS54115237A (en) * 1978-02-28 1979-09-07 Canon Inc Magnetic toner and production of the same
JPS56116043A (en) * 1980-02-18 1981-09-11 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Toner for electrostatic image development and its production
JPS5760339A (en) * 1980-09-30 1982-04-12 Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc Toner composition for electrophotography

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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