JPH0139006B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to an improvement of a garbage incinerator combustion device,
A garbage incinerator that controls the driving speed of the garbage supply section and combustion section that make up the combustion device based on the mechanical load of the rotary leveling devices installed at the beginning and end of the combustion section. This invention relates to a dust supply speed control device and a combustion speed control device in a combustion device.

In general, the combustion device A of a large-scale garbage incinerator for processing urban garbage, etc. is composed of a combination of a pusher 1, a drying stoker 2, a combustion stoker 3, an after-combustion stoker 4, etc., as shown in FIG. , the pusher 1 and the drying stoker 2 constitute a dust supply section B of the combustion device A, and the combustion stoker 3 constitutes a combustion section C, respectively.

In addition, when operating the garbage incinerator, the incinerator operator normally sets the operating speed of each stoker etc. by manual operation, and while visually observing the garbage combustion state on the stoker 3, operates the pusher 1 and each A method in which the operating speeds of the stokers 2, 3, and 4 are adjusted as appropriate is widely used.

Therefore, the quality and amount of garbage brought into the incinerator generally change greatly from day to day, and in order to achieve efficient incineration, it is necessary to constantly monitor changes in the quality and amount of garbage. It is necessary to monitor and delicately adjust the speed of the pusher 1 and each stalker 2, 3, 4 in response to the change. However, individual differences in incinerator operation techniques due to differences in operator skills and experience are unavoidable, and as a result, with the operating method based on manual operation as described above, it is difficult to sequentially and efficiently burn waste. It becomes extremely difficult to always maintain a constant state of completion of combustion of dust at the terminal end of the combustion stoker.

On the other hand, as a solution to the above problems,
The applicant had previously developed a method for controlling a combustion device using a photoelectric detection device, and published this as Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-36067. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, above the starting end of the combustion stoker 3, two sets of phototube detectors L ₁ ,
L ₂ and above the terminal end of the stoker 3, light-receiving elements X ₁ and X ₂ which are activated by the combustion flame are disposed at regular intervals in the horizontal direction, respectively, and the detectors L ₁ and
L ₂ detects the layer thickness of the supplied dust at the initial end of the stoker 3, and based on this, the operating speed of the drying stoker 2 is automatically controlled, and the light receiving element
Detect the completion of combustion of garbage by X ₁ and X ₂ ,
By automatically controlling the advancing speed of the combustion stoker 3, efficient automatic garbage incineration can be achieved.

However, the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-26067 also has many defects. That is, the phototube type detectors L ₁ , L ₂ and the light receiving element X ₁ , which are housed within the wall of the incinerator,
Because the X ₂ is constantly exposed to high temperatures, failures occur extremely frequently.Furthermore, the light receiving window is covered with combustion soot, which can easily cause malfunctions, and maintenance work such as cleaning is often required.

Furthermore, even if the layer thickness of the supplied dust at the initial end of the combustion stoker 3 is local, or due to an instantaneous phenomenon such as scattering during the dust supply, the detectors L ₁ , L ₂ is activated, making it difficult to control the stable supply of garbage.

Furthermore, if the quality of the waste changes significantly at the end of the combustion stoker 3, the operation of the light-receiving elements X ₁ and X ₂ will become unstable due to changes in the spectrum of the combustion flame, resulting in inaccurate operation. combustion control becomes extremely difficult.

The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems in conventional garbage incinerator combustion devices, and provides a garbage incinerator that can be controlled accurately and stably without making major changes to the combustion device. The object of the present invention is to provide a supply rate control device and a combustion rate control device.

In the first invention of the present application, a leveling shaft 11a constituting a rotary leveling device 9 for the supplied waste D is installed horizontally above the initial end 3a of the combustion section C, and the leveling shaft 11a
At the same time, the detected value is compared with a set value corresponding to a separately set reference rotational resistance force, and the difference signal is used to detect the rotational resistance force applied to the garbage supply section B.
The basic configuration is to control the drive motor of.

Further, in the second invention of the present application, a leveling shaft 11b constituting the rotary leveling device 10 for the garbage combustion layer E is installed horizontally above the terminal end 3b of the combustion section C, and The basic configuration is to detect the rotational resistance force, compare and calculate the detected value with a set value corresponding to a separately set standard rotational resistance force, and control the drive motor 27 of the combustion section C based on the difference signal. It is something.

By configuring the dust supply speed control device and the combustion speed control device as described above, the dust supply to the initial end of the combustion section C is always maintained at an appropriate layer thickness, and the supplied dust layer is not combusted. Since the waste is transferred at an optimum speed while the waste is incinerated, combustion is completed exactly at the end of the combustion section C, making it possible to achieve extremely ideal waste incineration.

Hereinafter, details will be explained based on an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 2 to 6.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a garbage incinerator most suitable for carrying out the present invention, in which 5 is a garbage loading crane, 6 is an ash removal conveyor, 7 is an ash pit, and
is a hopper. Further, 9 is a front rotary leveling device installed horizontally above the starting end of the combustion stoker 3 forming the combustion section C of the combustion device A, and 10 is a front rotary leveling device installed horizontally above the terminal end of the combustion section C. This is a rear rotary leveling device.

3 and 4 are schematic cross-sectional views of the rotary leveling devices 9 and 10 and explanatory views of their operation,
A leveling shaft 1 having a length approximately equal to the width of the combustion stoker 3 and rotating with a constant rotation radius R.
Both ends of 1a and 11b are rotatably supported through the furnace walls 12 and 12, and the height of the pivot point can be adjusted according to the desired thickness of the dust layer. A drive motor 1 is connected to one end of the leveling shafts 11a and 11b via reduction gears 13a and 13b.
4a and 14b are connected, which allows the shaft 1
1a and 11b are rotated at a constant speed in the direction of the arrow. In addition, the leveling shafts 11a and 11b have a hollow water-cooled structure, and are filled with cooling water 15a and 15b.
By passing through it, burnout is prevented.

Referring to FIGS. 2 to 4, the garbage D thrown into the hopper 8 by the garbage feeding crane 5 is
It is pushed onto the drying stoker 2 by the pusher 1, dried on the drying stoker 2, and then supplied onto the initial end 3a of the combustion stoker 3, where most of the combustible components are sequentially combusted. go. The dust combustion layer E, in which most of the combustible components have been burned, falls from the terminal end 3b of the combustion stoker 3 onto the post-combustion stoker 4, and after finishing the stoker combustion there, it is discharged to the outside of the furnace by the ash conveyor 6. I'm going to be done. The pusher 1 and each stoker 2, 3, 4 are driven by a motor (not shown) having an appropriate speed adjustment device.

On the other hand, the rotary scraping devices 9 and 10 installed horizontally at the beginning and end of the combustion section C are rotated at a constant speed with a constant distance from the floor surface of the combustion stoker 3. At the end portion 3a, the dust D sent from the drying stoker 2 is sequentially regulated to have a uniform layer thickness that allows good combustion of the dust on the combustion stoker 3, and the dust quality is determined in advance. It is sent out with a constant layer thickness set according to the amount.

The same goes for the terminal end 3b of the combustion stoker 3, where the dust combustion layer E at the end of combustion, where the combustible components have been sequentially burned and the volume has become low, is reduced to a certain layer by the rotary scraping device 10. It is scraped to a uniform thickness and discharged onto the post-combustion stoker 4.

As mentioned above, the leveling shaft 11a of the front rotary leveling device 9 regulates the leveling of the layer thickness of the dust sent onto the stoker 3 to a certain set value, but The larger the amount of dust supplied, the greater the rotational resistance force applied to the drive motor 14a of the leveling shaft 11a, and conversely, the smaller the amount of dust supplied, the smaller the rotational resistance force.
Therefore, by detecting the rotational resistance force applied to the drive motor 14a and comparing and calculating the detection output with the rotational resistance force in the case of a preset standard garbage supply amount, the pusher 1, drying stoker 2, etc. It becomes possible to control the operating speed of the dust supply section B consisting of the following, and to control the amount of dust supplied to the combustion stoker 3 to a constant optimum value.

In addition, the volume of the dust layer on the combustion stoker 3 decreases as combustion progresses, and the amount of the dust combustion layer E after combustion is approximately 20 to 30% of the amount of dust before combustion starts.
Before and after. Incidentally, this ratio is also approximately the same in terms of the weight ratio of both. That is, the thickness of the dust combustion layer E transferred to the terminal end 3a of the combustion stoker 3 is:
The layer thickness decreases depending on the degree of combustion, and as a result, the rear rotary leveling device 1 decreases depending on the degree of combustion.
The rotational resistance force applied to 0 changes. Further, even if the apparent thickness of the dust combustion layer E at the terminal end 3a is the same, the resistance force applied to the rotary leveling shaft 11b will vary depending on the degree of progress of combustion. In any case, the mounting height of the rear rotary leveling device 10 is set appropriately, and the rotational resistance force applied to the leveling shaft 11b when leveling the dust combustion layer E,
By comparing and calculating the resistance force in the case of the standard combustion layer E set in advance, it becomes possible to control the operating speed of the combustion section C and maintain the degree of combustion progress of the garbage at a constant optimum value. This is the technical idea underlying each invention of the present application. FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the garbage supply speed control device according to the first invention of the present application.

The rotational resistance force applied to the front leveling device 10 is
It is detected by measuring the load current of the drive motor 14a, and the sampling position indicator 1
In accordance with the command 6a, the load detector 17a detects the maximum and minimum values of the load current during one rotation of the leveling shaft 11a. That is, the leveling shaft 11
As shown in Fig. 3, during one rotation, a passes through a position where it receives the strongest resistance from the garbage D and a position where it receives almost no resistance from the garbage D, and at each of the passing points. The configuration is such that the load current in the load current is detected by a command from the sampling position indicator 16a.

The detection signal detected by the load detector 17a is
The difference signal is amplified by the operational amplifier 18a, and the output signal Qa is input to the operational processor 19a. on the other hand,
A fluctuation range setting indicator 20a is sent to the arithmetic processor 19a.
The reference value corresponds to the standard resistance force in advance through
The input Qa from the operational amplifier 18a and the standard setting input Sa are compared and calculated, and a proportional operation signal corresponding to the deviation value is inputted.
Pa is input to the proportional operation ratio setter 21.

The proportional operation ratio setting device 21 is for setting in advance the operation ratio of the drive motor 22 of the garbage supply pusher 1, etc. and the drive motor 23 of the drying stoker 2, etc., and the input signal Pa is used to control the setting operation. Outputs Da and Da' corresponding to the ratio are input to the speed regulator 24 of the drive motor 22 and the speed regulator 25 of the drive motor 23, and each motor 22, 23 increases its speed in the direction in which the proportional operation signal Pa decreases. It will be controlled.

In this embodiment, the garbage supply section B is composed of the pusher 1 and the drying stoker 2, but in the case of a supply section B that integrates the feeding and drying of the garbage, Since there is only one drive motor, the proportional operation ratio setting device 21 is not necessary.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the combustion rate control device for the combustion section C, and its configuration and control operation are exactly the same as those of the supply rate control device. That is, the amplifier 18b amplifies the difference signal between the maximum load current and the minimum load current of the drive motor 14b of the rear rotary leveling device 10, which is detected by the load detector 16b in accordance with the command from the sampling position indicator 17b. The output signal Qb is input to the arithmetic processor 19b. On the other hand, a reference value Sb corresponding to the resistance force in the standard combustion rate state is input and set to the arithmetic processor 19b by the fluctuation range setting indicator 20b, and here the input Qb and the reference value Sb are set. Proportional operation signal Pb corresponding to the deviation value after comparison calculation
is applied to the speed regulator 28 of the drive motor 27 for the combustion stoker 3 to accelerate or decelerate it.

In this embodiment, the pusher 1 and the drying stoker 2 constitute the garbage supply section B, and the drying stoker 3 constitutes the combustion section C.
Of course, the supply section B and the combustion section C may be configured by other mechanisms.

As described above, the present invention includes rotary leveling devices 9 and 10 provided at the end 3a and rear end 3b of the combustion section C, and controls the rotational resistance force applied to each rotating leveling device 9 and 10. Since the garbage supply speed and combustion rate are controlled using the signal, unlike the conventional control device using a phototube detector, the supply can be controlled based on the scattering of the garbage and the local layer height of the supplied garbage. There is no possibility that the device malfunctions or the detection of the combustion state becomes unstable due to changes in the quality of the garbage, etc., and extremely stable automatic feed rate control and automatic combustion rate control of garbage can be performed. Extremely ideal waste incineration can be achieved in which combustion is just completed at the end of the combustion section C.

In addition, since the leveling shafts 11a and 11b are used as detection parts, not only are there fewer failures than the phototube type, but the number of maintenance inspections is also reduced, and inspection and repair costs can be significantly reduced.

As mentioned above, the present invention has excellent practical utility.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a garbage incinerator equipped with a conventional phototube type detection section. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a garbage incinerator most suitable for carrying out the present invention. FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the installed state of the rotary leveling device, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of its operation. Fifth
The figure is a block diagram of a dust supply rate control device according to the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a combustion rate control device.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A rotary leveling device 9 for supplying waste D, which comprises a leveling shaft 11a horizontally disposed rotatably at the starting end 3a of the combustion section C; a load detector 17a that detects rotational resistance; an amplifier 18a that amplifies the output of the load detector 17a; a reference setting indicator 20a that sets a reference value for the rotational resistance applied to the leveling shaft 11a; an arithmetic processor 19a that compares the reference value Sa set by the reference setting indicator 20a and the detected value Qa from the amplifier 18a; A garbage supply speed control device in a garbage incinerator combustion device consisting of a regulator. 2. A rotary leveling device 10 for the garbage combustion layer E, which includes a leveling shaft 11b rotatably installed horizontally at the terminal end 3b of the combustion section C; detecting the rotational resistance force applied to the leveling shaft 11b. a load detector 17b; an amplifier 18b that amplifies the output of the load detector 17b;
and; a reference setting table indicator 20b for setting a reference value of the rotational resistance force applied to the leveling shaft 11b; and a comparison between the reference value Sb set by the reference setting indicator 20b and the detected value Qb from the amplifier 18b. an arithmetic processor 19b; a signal of the arithmetic processor 19b;
A combustion speed control device in a garbage incinerator combustion device comprising a speed regulator 28 of a combustion section C drive motor 27 operated by Pb.