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JPH0143717B2 - - Google Patents
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JPH0143717B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0143717B2
JPH0143717B2 JP59083534A JP8353484A JPH0143717B2 JP H0143717 B2 JPH0143717 B2 JP H0143717B2 JP 59083534 A JP59083534 A JP 59083534A JP 8353484 A JP8353484 A JP 8353484A JP H0143717 B2 JPH0143717 B2 JP H0143717B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
paste
yeast
parts
phosphoric acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP59083534A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS60226478A (en
Inventor
Hidenori Shimazaki
Sumio Mori
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Taki Chemical Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Taki Chemical Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Taki Chemical Co Ltd filed Critical Taki Chemical Co Ltd
Priority to JP59083534A priority Critical patent/JPS60226478A/en
Publication of JPS60226478A publication Critical patent/JPS60226478A/en
Publication of JPH0143717B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0143717B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は、化学的並びに物理的に安定であり、
且つ機械施肥が容易なペースト肥料の製造方法に
関する。 近年ペースト肥料は、一般の固形肥料や液体
肥料に比べ機械施肥にも適し、高濃度肥料成分の
ものとすることができる。近年の環境汚染問題
にあつては、このペースト肥料は土壌中へ直接施
肥が可能であることから、固形肥料の散布施肥方
法に比べ肥料の流出が僅少で、環境汚染を防止す
る。肥料成分の土壌中への溶出が緩慢であり、
施肥後の追肥回数を少なくでき、このことは省力
化と相俟つて、肥料成分の有効利用を可能にす
る。等多くの長所を有することから注目されつつ
あり、就中、水稲栽培にあつては、元肥として土
壌中への機械施肥が容易であることから、その需
要は次第に高まりつつある。 しかし、ペースト肥料を製造するには、肥料成
分を均一に分散させることが難かしく、分散剤の
添加など煩雑な工程を経なければならない。 ペースト肥料の安定化方法として、デンプン、
CMC等の有粘性物質や界面活性剤、またはベン
トナイト、ケイソウ土等の無機の添加剤などを添
加し、肥料液の粘度を高めることにより、成分の
分離を抑制する方法が知られているが、これらは
いずれも長期の保存に於ては固液の分離あるいは
成分低下を招来する。 また別の方法として肥料組成物の微粒子を繊維
状タンパクにより抱有、凝膠させることにより安
定なペースト肥料を製造する方法(特開昭57−
71888号)も提案されているが、この方法はタン
パク質含有原料をアルカリ分解するについて、12
〜24時間もの長時間を要し、未分解物の別を要
するなど、操作が煩雑であり経済的でない。従つ
て、より経済的な方法により、また長期に渡り保
存安定性が良好なペースト肥料の出現が近時強く
要望されている。 そこで本発明者らはこの様な現状に鑑み、鋭意
研究を重ねた結果、酵母をアルカリで分解した
後、湿式りん酸でPHを5.0〜7.5に調整し、これに
肥料塩を添加混合すれば長期に渡り保存安定性に
優れ、しかも経済的に且つ所望する粘度のペース
ト肥料が製造可能なることを見い出し、本発明を
完成させるに至つた。 即ち、本発明は酵母をアルカリで分解した後、
湿式りん酸でPHを5.0〜7.5に調整し、これに肥料
塩を添加混合することからなるペースト肥料の製
造方法に関する。 そこで先ず、本発明のペースト肥料の製造方法
について更に詳細に説明すると、本発明の第1作
業は酵母をアルカリで分解し、これを、湿式りん
酸でPHを5.0〜7.5に調整することである。本発明
に使用する酵母としては、一般に知られる酵母、
例えばトルラ酵母、パン酵母、ビール酵母、飼料
用酵母、及びこれらの酵母を原料とし核酸製造に
用いた脱核酵母等である。 一方、酵母の分解に使用するアルカリとして
は、苛性ソーダ、苛性カリ、アンモニア水、炭酸
ソーダ、重炭酸カリ等を全て使用し得るが、肥料
という観点よりすれば窒素や加里を含有せるアン
モニア水、苛性カリ、重炭酸カリ等の他、トリエ
タノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、モノエタ
ノールアミン等のアルカノールアミン類が特に望
ましい。 酵母をアルカリで分解するに際しては、予めア
ルカリを水に溶解し、これに酵母粉末を全反応液
量中概ね5〜25%となるように添加撹拌し、溶液
PHを約8以上に至らしめる。 分解装置としては通常の撹拌機付反応装置の
他、コロイドミル、ボールミル等各種粉砕機能を
兼備する装置を利用すると効果的である。 分解時間は分解装置の種類、分解PH、酵母の種
類、分解液中の酵母濃度により異なるが、概ね10
〜180分間であり、この際加温すると更に分解時
間を短縮することができる。分解後の液は湿式り
ん酸でPHを5.0〜7.5に調整する。 中和に湿式りん酸を使用する理由は、乾式りん
酸あるいはりん酸以外の酸の使用では、後述する
肥料塩の添加後に於て、すなわちペースト肥料と
した場合に於て安定なペーストが得難く、また中
和PHがこれ以外の範囲に於ても同様にペーストは
不安定で保存時に肥料塩の分離沈殿を生じる。湿
式りん酸がペースト肥料を安定化する理由につい
ては必ずしも定かでないが、湿式りん酸中に含ま
れるFe、Alが中和時にゲル状水和物を生成する
ことに帰因するものと推測される。 第2の作業はこの分解中和液に肥料塩を添加混
合することであるが、肥料塩は作業性、分散効
率、ペーストの安定性より微粉状の肥料塩を使用
することが望ましい。 肥料塩種については、一般に使用される固形肥
料を粉末化し、望ましくは60mesh以上に粉砕し
て用いるが、これらの肥料塩として、硝酸カルシ
ウム、りん酸アンモニウム、尿素、塩化カリウ
ム、硝酸アンモニウム、その他微量要素肥料等を
用いる。 肥料塩の添加量に関して云えば、使用する肥料
塩の種類、成分含量、アルカリ分解に要したアル
カリ物質量、中和に要した湿式りん酸量等によつ
ても異なるが、先に使用した酵母量に対して概ね
5〜35重量倍を添加し、適度の撹拌を行なう。 尚、本発明の肥料塩の添加は、前述の如く酵母
をアルカリ分解し、湿式りん酸で中和後に肥料塩
を添加するが、別の方法として酵母をアルカリ分
解したものに肥料塩を先に添加し湿式りん酸で中
和を行なつたものは、製造後短時間に沈殿の生成
が起こり不安定な低粘性のペーストとなる。この
事から肥料塩の添加時期は本発明に於て、極めて
重要である。 この様にして得られた本発明のペースト肥料
は、長期に渡り沈殿の生成がなく保存安定性に優
れ、酵母の分解に要する時間が短時間であり、工
程が簡易であることより経済的に安価に、しかも
所望する粘度のペースト肥料を得ることが可能と
なる。 また、本発明のペースト肥料の施用後に於ては
土壌中に緩慢に分散する結果、肥効性が良好で、
水稲栽培に於ける元肥として、追肥が不要となる
等数多くの利点を有する。 また、更には、水耕、砂耕、礫耕等の所謂、無
土壌育成の培養液としても好適であり、しかも液
体肥料に比べはるかに濃厚であり、輸送、貯蔵の
費用も大きく節減できる利点を有する。 以下に本発明の実施例を挙げ更に説明するが、
本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではな
い。 尚、実施例中%は特にことわらない限り重量%
を示す。 実施例 1 水23部に苛性カリ6部を溶解させたアルカリ水
溶液にトルラ酵母の脱核酵母を4部加え60℃で撹
拌しながら30分間アルカリ分解する。その分解液
を湿式りん酸(P2O5:29.5%)20部で中和する。
この時の液PHは6.0である。つづいて100meshに
微粉砕した塩化カリウム12部、りん酸アンモニウ
ム(N:18%、P2O5:46%)14部、尿素21部を
加え充分に分散溶解させペースト肥料とした。こ
の時の肥料成分はT−N:12.5%、T−P2O5
12.34%、T−K2O:12.16%である。又このペー
スト肥料の粘度はチキソトロピー性を有するため
に絶対粘度の測定は困難であるが20℃でおおむね
2000〜2300cpである。 また、このペースト肥料の粗大結晶の析出量及
び固液分離速度を測定した結果を第1表に示した
が、保存安定性は長期に渡り良好であつた。 (貯蔵安定性の試験方法) (1) 粗大結晶の析出量 ペースト肥料100gを密栓したガラス容器に
入れ、0℃の恒温器に30日貯蔵した後0.5mm目
のふるいでふるい別しふるい上の残査量を測定
し粗大結晶の析出量とした。 (2) 固液分離速度 ペースト肥料を1の共栓付メスシリンダー
に標線まで入れ30℃の恒温器中で静置し、上澄
液の増加量を測定した結果を固液分離速度とし
た。 実施例 2 水21.5部に炭酸カリウム7.5部溶解させたアル
カリ水溶液にトルラ酵母を4部加え60℃で撹拌し
ながら1時間アルカリ分解する。その分解液を湿
式りん酸20部で中和する。この時の液PHは5.5で
ある。つづいて100meshに微粉砕した塩化カリウ
ム12部りん酸アンモニウム14部、尿素21部加え充
分に分散溶解させペースト肥料を製造した。この
ペースト肥料の成分はT−N:12.4%、T−
P2O5:12.4%、T−K2O:12.5%で、かつ粘度は
20℃でおおむね2000〜2300cpである。 また、このペースト肥料の粗大結晶の析出量及
び固液分離速度を測定した結果を第1表に示した
が、保存安定性は長期に渡り良好であつた。 また比較のために、前記トルラ酵母をアルカリ
分解後湿式りん酸26部で中和した。この時の液PH
は4.5である。続いて前記と同様の微粉砕した肥
料塩を充分分散溶解させ、ペースト状肥料とした
が、このものは保存時に粗大結晶が析出し、固液
の分離が生じた。(比較例1) 更に、比較のために前記トルラ酵母をアルカリ
分解後湿式りん酸11.5部で中和した。この時の液
PHは9.0である。続いて前記と同様の微粉砕した
肥料塩を充分分散溶解させ、ペースト状肥料とし
たが、このものも同様に保存時に粗大結晶や析出
し、固液の分離を生じた。(比較例2) これらの肥料液の粗大結晶の析出量及び固液分
離速度を測定した結果を第1表に示した。
The present invention is chemically and physically stable;
The present invention also relates to a method for producing a paste fertilizer that can be easily applied mechanically. In recent years, paste fertilizers are more suitable for mechanical application than general solid fertilizers or liquid fertilizers, and can contain highly concentrated fertilizer components. In response to the recent environmental pollution problem, this paste fertilizer can be applied directly into the soil, so compared to the scattering method of solid fertilizer, there is less fertilizer runoff and environmental pollution is prevented. Fertilizer components are slowly leached into the soil,
The number of times of additional fertilization after fertilization can be reduced, which, together with labor saving, enables effective use of fertilizer components. It is attracting attention because it has many advantages such as, among others, it is easy to mechanically apply fertilizer into the soil as a base fertilizer for wet rice cultivation, so its demand is gradually increasing. However, in order to produce paste fertilizer, it is difficult to uniformly disperse fertilizer components, and complicated steps such as adding a dispersant must be performed. As a stabilization method for paste fertilizer, starch,
There are known methods of suppressing component separation by adding viscous substances such as CMC, surfactants, or inorganic additives such as bentonite and diatomaceous earth to increase the viscosity of the fertilizer solution. All of these lead to separation of solid and liquid or deterioration of components during long-term storage. Another method is to produce a stable paste fertilizer by enveloping fine particles of a fertilizer composition with fibrous proteins and coagulating them (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1983-1999).
No. 71888) has also been proposed, but this method is not suitable for alkaline decomposition of protein-containing raw materials.
The process is complicated and uneconomical, as it takes up to 24 hours to separate undecomposed substances. Therefore, there has recently been a strong demand for a paste fertilizer that is more economical and has good storage stability over a long period of time. Therefore, in view of the current situation, the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive research and found that after decomposing yeast with alkali, adjusting the pH to 5.0 to 7.5 with wet phosphoric acid, and adding fertilizer salt to this. The present inventors have discovered that it is possible to economically produce a paste fertilizer with a desired viscosity that has excellent storage stability over a long period of time, and has completed the present invention. That is, in the present invention, after decomposing yeast with an alkali,
This invention relates to a method for producing a paste fertilizer, which comprises adjusting the pH to 5.0 to 7.5 with wet phosphoric acid, and adding and mixing fertilizer salt thereto. First, to explain in more detail the method for producing the paste fertilizer of the present invention, the first operation of the present invention is to decompose yeast with alkali, and then adjust the pH of this to 5.0 to 7.5 with wet phosphoric acid. . Yeasts used in the present invention include commonly known yeasts,
Examples include Torula yeast, baker's yeast, beer yeast, feed yeast, and denucleated yeast made from these yeasts and used for nucleic acid production. On the other hand, as the alkali used to decompose yeast, caustic soda, caustic potash, aqueous ammonia, soda carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, etc. can all be used, but from the viewpoint of fertilizers, ammonia water containing nitrogen and potassium, caustic potash, etc. In addition to potassium bicarbonate, alkanolamines such as triethanolamine, diethanolamine, and monoethanolamine are particularly desirable. When decomposing yeast with an alkali, the alkali is dissolved in water in advance, yeast powder is added to this in an amount of about 5 to 25% of the total reaction liquid volume, and the mixture is stirred.
Raise the pH to about 8 or higher. As the decomposition device, it is effective to use a device having various pulverizing functions such as a colloid mill or a ball mill, in addition to a normal reaction device with a stirrer. The decomposition time varies depending on the type of decomposition equipment, decomposition pH, type of yeast, and yeast concentration in the decomposition solution, but it is approximately 10
The decomposition time can be further shortened by heating at this time. The pH of the decomposed solution is adjusted to 5.0 to 7.5 using wet phosphoric acid. The reason why wet phosphoric acid is used for neutralization is that when dry phosphoric acid or acids other than phosphoric acid are used, it is difficult to obtain a stable paste after adding the fertilizer salt described later, that is, when making a paste fertilizer. Furthermore, even if the neutralization pH is outside this range, the paste is similarly unstable and the fertilizer salts separate and precipitate during storage. The reason why wet phosphoric acid stabilizes paste fertilizer is not necessarily clear, but it is assumed that it is because Fe and Al contained in wet phosphoric acid form gel-like hydrates during neutralization. . The second operation is to add and mix fertilizer salt into this decomposed and neutralized solution, and it is desirable to use finely powdered fertilizer salt from the viewpoint of workability, dispersion efficiency, and paste stability. Regarding fertilizer salts, commonly used solid fertilizers are pulverized, preferably crushed to a size of 60 mesh or more.These fertilizer salts include calcium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, ammonium nitrate, and other trace elements. Use fertilizer etc. The amount of fertilizer salt added depends on the type of fertilizer salt used, its component content, the amount of alkaline material required for alkaline decomposition, the amount of wet phosphoric acid required for neutralization, etc. Add approximately 5 to 35 times the amount by weight and stir appropriately. The fertilizer salt of the present invention is added by alkali decomposing the yeast and neutralizing it with wet phosphoric acid as described above, but there is another method in which the fertilizer salt is first added to the yeast which has been alkaline decomposed. When added and neutralized with wet phosphoric acid, precipitation occurs within a short period of time after production, resulting in an unstable, low-viscosity paste. For this reason, the timing of addition of fertilizer salt is extremely important in the present invention. The paste fertilizer of the present invention obtained in this way has excellent storage stability without forming precipitates over a long period of time, takes a short time to decompose yeast, and is economical because the process is simple. It becomes possible to obtain a paste fertilizer having a desired viscosity at a low cost. In addition, after application of the paste fertilizer of the present invention, it is slowly dispersed into the soil, resulting in good fertilizer efficacy.
It has many advantages as a starter fertilizer in rice cultivation, such as eliminating the need for additional fertilizer. Furthermore, it is suitable as a culture solution for so-called soilless cultivation such as hydroponics, sand cultivation, gravel cultivation, etc. Moreover, it is much more concentrated than liquid fertilizers, and has the advantage of greatly reducing transportation and storage costs. has. Examples of the present invention will be given below and further explained.
The present invention is not limited to these examples. In addition, % in the examples is weight % unless otherwise specified.
shows. Example 1 4 parts of denucleated Torula yeast were added to an alkaline aqueous solution prepared by dissolving 6 parts of caustic potash in 23 parts of water, and the mixture was subjected to alkaline decomposition at 60°C for 30 minutes with stirring. The decomposed solution is neutralized with 20 parts of wet phosphoric acid (P 2 O 5 : 29.5%).
The liquid pH at this time is 6.0. Subsequently, 12 parts of potassium chloride finely ground to 100 mesh, 14 parts of ammonium phosphate (N: 18%, P 2 O 5 : 46%), and 21 parts of urea were added and sufficiently dispersed and dissolved to form a paste fertilizer. The fertilizer components at this time were T-N: 12.5%, T-P 2 O 5 :
12.34%, T- K2O : 12.16%. Also, the viscosity of this paste fertilizer is thixotropic, so it is difficult to measure the absolute viscosity, but it is approximately viscosity at 20℃.
It is 2000~2300cp. Table 1 shows the results of measuring the precipitation amount of coarse crystals and solid-liquid separation rate of this paste fertilizer, and the storage stability was good over a long period of time. (Test method for storage stability) (1) Amount of coarse crystals deposited 100g of paste fertilizer was placed in a tightly closed glass container, stored in a thermostat at 0°C for 30 days, and then sieved through a 0.5mm sieve. The amount of residue was measured and taken as the amount of coarse crystals precipitated. (2) Solid-liquid separation rate Pour the paste fertilizer into a measuring cylinder with a stopper (No. 1) up to the marked line, leave it in a thermostat at 30℃, and measure the amount of increase in supernatant liquid.The solid-liquid separation rate is the result. . Example 2 4 parts of Torula yeast was added to an alkaline aqueous solution prepared by dissolving 7.5 parts of potassium carbonate in 21.5 parts of water, and the mixture was subjected to alkali decomposition at 60° C. for 1 hour while stirring. Neutralize the decomposed solution with 20 parts of wet phosphoric acid. The pH of the liquid at this time is 5.5. Subsequently, 12 parts of potassium chloride, 14 parts of ammonium phosphate, and 21 parts of urea, which were finely ground to 100 mesh, were added and sufficiently dispersed and dissolved to produce a paste fertilizer. The ingredients of this paste fertilizer are T-N: 12.4%, T-
P 2 O 5 : 12.4%, T-K 2 O: 12.5%, and the viscosity is
It is approximately 2000 to 2300 cp at 20℃. Table 1 shows the results of measuring the precipitation amount of coarse crystals and solid-liquid separation rate of this paste fertilizer, and the storage stability was good over a long period of time. For comparison, the Torula yeast was decomposed with alkali and then neutralized with 26 parts of wet phosphoric acid. Liquid PH at this time
is 4.5. Subsequently, the same finely ground fertilizer salt as above was sufficiently dispersed and dissolved to form a paste-like fertilizer, but coarse crystals precipitated during storage and solid-liquid separation occurred. (Comparative Example 1) Furthermore, for comparison, the Torula yeast was subjected to alkaline decomposition and then neutralized with 11.5 parts of wet phosphoric acid. liquid at this time
PH is 9.0. Subsequently, the same finely ground fertilizer salt as above was sufficiently dispersed and dissolved to form a paste-like fertilizer, but this also similarly caused coarse crystals, precipitation, and solid-liquid separation during storage. (Comparative Example 2) Table 1 shows the results of measuring the precipitation amount of coarse crystals and solid-liquid separation rate of these fertilizer solutions.

【表】 実施例 3 水19.1部に苛性カリ8.2部溶解させたアルカリ
水溶液にパン酵母3部加え60℃で撹拌しながら30
分間アルカリ分解する。その分解液に湿式りん酸
27.4部で中和した。この時のPHは6.2である。つ
づいて微粉砕した塩化カリウム9.5部、りん酸ア
ンモニウム18.3部、尿素14.5部を加え充分分散溶
解させペースト肥料とした。このペースト肥料の
成分はT−N:10.2%、T−P2O5:16.5%、T−
K2O:12.4%で粘度は2500〜2900cpである。 また、このペースト肥料の粗大結晶の析出量及
び固液分離速度を測定した結果を第2表に示した
が、保存安定性は長期に渡り良好であつた。 また比較のために前記パン酵母を同様にアルカ
リ分解したものに乾式りん酸(P2O5:54%)15.5
部を加え中和した。この時のPHは6.2である。続
いて、前記と同じ微粉砕した肥料塩を充分分散溶
解させ、ペースト状肥料としたが、このものは保
存時に粗大結晶や析出し、固液の分離が生じた。
(比較例3)
[Table] Example 3 3 parts of baker's yeast was added to an alkaline aqueous solution prepared by dissolving 8.2 parts of caustic potassium in 19.1 parts of water, and the mixture was stirred at 60°C for 30 minutes.
Digest with alkaline for minutes. Wet phosphoric acid is added to the decomposition solution.
Neutralized in 27.4 parts. The pH at this time is 6.2. Subsequently, 9.5 parts of finely ground potassium chloride, 18.3 parts of ammonium phosphate, and 14.5 parts of urea were added and sufficiently dispersed and dissolved to form a paste fertilizer. The ingredients of this paste fertilizer are T-N: 10.2%, T-P 2 O 5 : 16.5%, T-
K2O : 12.4% and viscosity is 2500-2900 cp. Furthermore, the results of measuring the precipitation amount of coarse crystals and solid-liquid separation rate of this paste fertilizer are shown in Table 2, and the storage stability was good over a long period of time. For comparison, the above baker's yeast was similarly decomposed with alkaline and dry phosphoric acid (P 2 O 5 : 54%) 15.5
was added to neutralize it. The pH at this time is 6.2. Subsequently, the same finely ground fertilizer salt as above was sufficiently dispersed and dissolved to form a paste-like fertilizer, but this product resulted in coarse crystals, precipitation, and solid-liquid separation during storage.
(Comparative example 3)

【表】【table】

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 酵母をアルカリで分解した後、湿式りん酸で
PHを5.0〜7.5に調整し、これに肥料塩を添加混合
することからなるペースト肥料の製造方法。
1 After decomposing yeast with alkali, it is treated with wet phosphoric acid.
A method for producing paste fertilizer, which comprises adjusting the pH to 5.0 to 7.5 and adding and mixing fertilizer salt.
JP59083534A 1984-04-24 1984-04-24 Manufacture of paste fertilizer Granted JPS60226478A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59083534A JPS60226478A (en) 1984-04-24 1984-04-24 Manufacture of paste fertilizer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59083534A JPS60226478A (en) 1984-04-24 1984-04-24 Manufacture of paste fertilizer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60226478A JPS60226478A (en) 1985-11-11
JPH0143717B2 true JPH0143717B2 (en) 1989-09-22

Family

ID=13805161

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP59083534A Granted JPS60226478A (en) 1984-04-24 1984-04-24 Manufacture of paste fertilizer

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60226478A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3336071A1 (en) 2016-12-19 2018-06-20 Danstar Ferment AG Method and composition for improving plant growth

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS60226478A (en) 1985-11-11

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