JPH0146572B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0146572B2 JPH0146572B2 JP56212324A JP21232481A JPH0146572B2 JP H0146572 B2 JPH0146572 B2 JP H0146572B2 JP 56212324 A JP56212324 A JP 56212324A JP 21232481 A JP21232481 A JP 21232481A JP H0146572 B2 JPH0146572 B2 JP H0146572B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- arc
- lithium
- silver
- contact material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 13
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silver Chemical compound [Ni].[Ag] MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Ag].[Sn] QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Cd] NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Contacts (AREA)
Description
［技術分野］
この発明は電気接点に使用する技術分野に属す
る。
［背景技術］
従来から電磁接触器、リレー等の電気機器に銀
−カドミウム系、銀−スズ系、銀−ニツケル系の
接点材料が使用されていた。これらの接点は溶
着、消耗等に少ない接点として知られ、一方、銀
−ニツケル接点は消耗が少なく、加工性が優れた
接点として知られている。しかし、これらの接点
材料はいずれも電磁駆動によりアークを走らせて
限流するタイプのノーヒユーズブレーカ用の接点
として使用した際に、短絡時に流れる大電流によ
りアークが生じ、このアークの「切れ」が不十分
なため短絡遮断性能が劣るという欠点があつた。
本発明者らは、アークの「切れ」を改良するた
めに種々研究を重ねた結果、銀素地に酸化リチウ
ムを配合した接点材料を開発し、すでに特許出願
をしている。すなわち、銀素地に酸化リチウム
（Li2O）を配合することによりアークの「切れ」
が改良され、しかも接点材料として重要な耐溶着
性も改良されるのである。この接点材料は充分実
用的なものであつたが、さらに高度な実用的価値
を得るためには、耐消耗性に関して、さらに改良
を図る必要があることが分かつた。
［発明の目的］
この発明は、アークの「切れ」、耐溶着性、耐
消耗性の改良された接点材料を提供することを目
的としてなされた。
［発明の開示］
この発明は、銀素地に酸化リチウム（Li2O）
を配合し、さらに酸化亜鉛（ZnO）または酸化ス
ズ（SnO2）または酸化インジウム（In2O3）を配
合してなることを特徴とする接点材料を提供する
ものである。以下、この発明を詳しく説明する。
この発明において、銀素地に配合する酸化リチ
ウムはアークの「切れ」および耐溶着性を改良す
るのに役立つ。酸化リチウムの添加によりアーク
の「切れ」が改良される理由は明確ではないが、
酸化リチウムが銀素地の中に分散するとアークが
出やすくなり、従つてアークが分散する結果、ア
ークが動き易くなり、結局アークの「切れ」が良
くなるものと考えられる。酸化リチウムの配合量
はリチウム換算で0.1〜3.0重量％（以下％と略
す）含有させるのが望ましい。3.0％を超えた含
有量では接点として要求される電気伝導度が低く
なり、耐溶着性、耐消耗性が充分でなく、一方、
0.1％未満ではアークの「切れ」が充分ではなく
なる。さらに、0.8〜1.5％の範囲では一層好まし
い効果が得られる。
つぎに、銀素地に配合される酸化亜鉛、酸化ス
ズおよび酸化インジウムについて説明する。この
金属酸化物の配合量は、金属換算で0.2〜1.0％が
好ましく、さらには0.2〜0.6％の範囲が一層好ま
しい。これらの範囲の上限を超えた含有量である
と電気伝導度の低下を招き、耐溶着性をあまり改
良しない。一方、下限を外れると耐消耗性に関し
て改良の効果が少なくなる。
なお、ニツケルを前記接点材料に添加すると耐
消耗性、耐溶着性を一層向上させる効果がある。
前記ニツケルの添加により耐溶着性、耐消耗性が
改良される理由は明確ではないが、結晶粒を微細
化させるためであろうと推定される。含有量は接
点材料全体に対して、0.1〜1.0％の範囲が望まし
い。下限より少ないと結晶粒の微細化効果がな
く、一方上限を超えるとニツケルが偏析する結
果、溶着、消耗共に不十分となるのである。
なお、この発明に係る接点材料を製造する方法
については、何ら限定するものではない。銀素地
に前記の金属酸化物などを含有させる方法は、た
とえば粉末同士で混合して焼結する方法もあり、
金属を予め銀素地に含有させておき、これを内部
酸化することにより金属酸化物の含有された材料
とすることもできる。何れの方法でもよいが、内
部酸化法が優れている。
以下、実施例に基づき説明する。
実施例
銀を素地金属として使用し、これに酸化リチウ
ム、そしてさら酸化亜鉛、酸化スズ、酸化インジ
ウム、ニツケル等を配合した接点材料を調整し
た。その具体的配合は第１表に示した。
なお、接点材料の製造条件を詳しく開示すると
以下の通りである。
まず、内部酸化法により接点材料を調整した。
つまり、銀の中に前記酸化亜鉛、酸化スズおよび
酸化インジウムの何れか１種と、リチウムあるい
はリチウムとニツケルを所定量添加し、アルゴン
ガス雰囲気中で溶解させた。溶解の後に金型を使
用して棒状に鋳造し、つぎに650℃で８時間窒素
ガス雰囲気中で焼鈍した。これに銀板を圧着した
後、圧延し、１mmの板材とした。その後、750℃
で、酸素ガス雰囲気中で100時間加熱し、内部酸
化した。これを打ち抜いた後、ろう付けし、
ASTM試験および短絡試験用試料とした。
ただし、実施例５および実施例19は焼結法によ
り試料を調整した。
〔アーク特性の判定法〕
前記の材料をノーヒユーズブレーカに組み込ん
でASTM法により耐短絡試験を行い、アーク膠
着時間の測定を行つた。ここでアーク膠着時間と
は接点間でアークが発生した時に、アークが動か
ずに止まつている時間である。すなわち、アーク
発生と同時に電磁力が生じ、最終的に、この電磁
力によりアークが移動するが、膠着時間とはアー
クが発生してから移動するまでの時間である。ア
ーク遮断性能は、膠着時間が短い程よい。なお、
短絡電流は5.2KAであつた。
〔耐消耗性、耐溶着性の判定法〕
ASTM法による接点試験を行つた。条件は以
下の通りであつた。
負 荷 ：交流単相、100V、40A
接触力 ：200g
離解力 ：340g
接点形状 可動接点は5Φ、12Rの球状
固定接点は5Φでフラツト状
最終開閉回数 ：10万回
なお、消耗量は３個のデータの平均値で、溶着
性能は３個のデータの合計溶着回数で評価した。
上記材料につき接点としての特性を試験した結
果を第２表に示した。
比較例
第３表の配合により、その他は実施例と同様に
して比較試験を行つた。性能試験の結果は第４表
に示した。
[Technical Field] This invention belongs to the technical field of use in electrical contacts. [Background Art] Conventionally, silver-cadmium-based, silver-tin-based, and silver-nickel-based contact materials have been used in electrical equipment such as electromagnetic contactors and relays. These contacts are known as contacts that are less prone to welding, wear, etc., while silver-nickel contacts are known as contacts that are less likely to wear out and have excellent workability. However, when these contact materials are used as contacts for no-fuse breakers that limit current by running an arc using electromagnetic drive, the large current that flows during a short circuit generates an arc, causing the arc to break. The drawback was that the short-circuit breaking performance was poor due to insufficient performance. The inventors of the present invention have conducted various studies to improve the "breakage" of the arc, and as a result have developed a contact material containing lithium oxide in a silver base, and have already filed a patent application for the contact material. In other words, by adding lithium oxide (Li 2 O) to the silver base, the arc can be cut.
In addition, the welding resistance, which is important as a contact material, is also improved. Although this contact material was sufficiently practical, it was found that it was necessary to further improve its wear resistance in order to obtain even higher practical value. [Object of the Invention] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a contact material with improved arc "breakage", welding resistance, and wear resistance. [Disclosure of the Invention] This invention is based on the invention by using lithium oxide (Li 2 O) on a silver substrate.
The present invention provides a contact material characterized in that it contains zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), or indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ). This invention will be explained in detail below. In this invention, the lithium oxide added to the silver matrix is useful for improving arc "breakage" and welding resistance. Although it is not clear why the addition of lithium oxide improves arc cutting,
It is thought that when lithium oxide is dispersed in the silver base, an arc is more likely to appear, and as a result of the arc being dispersed, the arc becomes easier to move, and ultimately the arc "cuts" better. The content of lithium oxide is preferably 0.1 to 3.0% by weight (hereinafter abbreviated as %) in terms of lithium. If the content exceeds 3.0%, the electrical conductivity required for contacts will be low, and the welding resistance and wear resistance will be insufficient.
If it is less than 0.1%, the arc will not be sufficiently "cut". Furthermore, more favorable effects can be obtained in the range of 0.8 to 1.5%. Next, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and indium oxide that are blended into the silver base will be explained. The blending amount of this metal oxide is preferably 0.2 to 1.0%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.6% in terms of metal. If the content exceeds the upper limit of these ranges, the electrical conductivity will decrease and the welding resistance will not be improved much. On the other hand, if the lower limit is exceeded, the effect of improving wear resistance will be reduced. Note that adding nickel to the contact material has the effect of further improving wear resistance and welding resistance.
The reason why the welding resistance and abrasion resistance are improved by the addition of nickel is not clear, but it is presumed that it is because the crystal grains are made finer. The content is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.0% based on the entire contact material. If it is less than the lower limit, there will be no grain refinement effect, while if it exceeds the upper limit, nickel will segregate, resulting in insufficient welding and wear. Note that the method for manufacturing the contact material according to the present invention is not limited in any way. There is also a method of incorporating the metal oxides etc. into the silver base, for example, by mixing powders and sintering them.
A material containing a metal oxide can also be obtained by preliminarily containing a metal in a silver base and internally oxidizing it. Although any method may be used, the internal oxidation method is superior. The following will explain based on examples. Example A contact material was prepared by using silver as a base metal and adding lithium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, nickel, etc. to the base metal. The specific formulation is shown in Table 1. The detailed manufacturing conditions for the contact material are as follows. First, the contact material was prepared using an internal oxidation method.
That is, a predetermined amount of one of the zinc oxide, tin oxide, and indium oxide, and lithium or lithium and nickel were added to silver and dissolved in an argon gas atmosphere. After melting, it was cast into a bar using a mold, and then annealed at 650°C for 8 hours in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. After a silver plate was crimped onto this, it was rolled to obtain a 1 mm plate material. Then 750℃
Then, it was heated in an oxygen gas atmosphere for 100 hours to achieve internal oxidation. After punching this out, brazing it,
This was used as a sample for ASTM tests and short circuit tests. However, in Example 5 and Example 19, samples were prepared by a sintering method. [Method for determining arc characteristics] The above material was incorporated into a no-fuse breaker, a short circuit resistance test was conducted using the ASTM method, and the arc sticking time was measured. Here, the arc stagnation time is the time during which the arc remains motionless when it occurs between the contacts. That is, an electromagnetic force is generated at the same time as the arc is generated, and ultimately the arc moves due to this electromagnetic force, but the sticking time is the time from when the arc is generated until it moves. The shorter the sticking time, the better the arc interrupting performance. In addition,
The short circuit current was 5.2KA. [Method for determining wear resistance and welding resistance] A contact test was conducted using the ASTM method. The conditions were as follows. Load: AC single phase, 100V, 40A Contact force: 200g Disassembly force: 340g Contact shape Movable contact is 5Φ, 12R spherical Fixed contact is 5Φ and flat Final number of openings and closings: 100,000 times The wear amount is 3 The welding performance was evaluated based on the average value of the data, and the total number of weldings for the three pieces of data. Table 2 shows the results of testing the properties of the above materials as contacts. Comparative Example A comparative test was conducted using the formulations shown in Table 3 and in the same manner as in the Examples. The results of the performance test are shown in Table 4.
【表】【table】
【表】【table】
【表】
味する。
[Table] Taste.
【表】【table】
【表】
味する。
［発明の効果］
この発明は、銀の中に酸化リチウムおよび酸化
亜鉛または酸化スズまたは酸化インジウムを含有
させてなる接点材料であつて、酸化リチウムをリ
チウム換算で0.1〜3.0重量％、酸化亜鉛または酸
化スズまたは酸化インジウムの酸化物を金属換算
で0.02以上〜1.0重量％未満含有させたことを特
徴とするので、アークの「切れ」、耐溶着性、耐
消耗性が改良された接点材料を提供する事ができ
た。[Table] Taste.
[Effects of the Invention] The present invention provides a contact material in which lithium oxide and zinc oxide, tin oxide, or indium oxide are contained in silver, and in which lithium oxide is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 3.0% by weight in terms of lithium, zinc oxide or It is characterized by containing an oxide of tin oxide or indium oxide in an amount of 0.02 or more to less than 1.0% by weight in terms of metal, so it provides a contact material with improved arc cutting, welding resistance, and wear resistance. I was able to do it.
Claims (1)
酸化スズまたは酸化インジウムを含有させてなる
接点材料であつて、酸化リチウムをリチウム換算
で0.1〜3.0重量％、酸化亜鉛または酸化スズまた
は酸化インジウムの酸化物を金属換算で0.02以上
〜1.0重量％未満含有させたことを特徴とする接
点材料。 ２ 銀の中に酸化リチウムおよび酸化亜鉛または
酸化スズまたは酸化インジウムおよびニツケルを
含有させてなる接点材料であつて、酸化リチウム
をリチウム換算で0.1〜3.0重量％、酸化亜鉛また
は酸化スズまたは酸化インジウムの酸化物を金属
換算で0.02以上〜1.0重量％未満、ニツケルを0.1
〜1.0重量％含有させたことを特徴とする接点材
料。[Claims] 1. A contact material containing lithium oxide and zinc oxide, tin oxide, or indium oxide in silver, which contains 0.1 to 3.0% by weight of lithium oxide in terms of lithium, and zinc oxide or tin oxide. Or a contact material characterized by containing an oxide of indium oxide in an amount of 0.02 or more to less than 1.0% by weight in terms of metal. 2 A contact material containing lithium oxide and zinc oxide or tin oxide or indium oxide and nickel in silver, which contains 0.1 to 3.0% by weight of lithium oxide in terms of lithium, zinc oxide, tin oxide, or indium oxide. Oxide: 0.02 or more to less than 1.0% by weight in terms of metal, Nickel: 0.1%
A contact material characterized by containing ~1.0% by weight.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56212324A JPS58117843A (en) | 1981-12-29 | 1981-12-29 | Contact material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56212324A JPS58117843A (en) | 1981-12-29 | 1981-12-29 | Contact material |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6272785A Division JPS60234932A (en) | 1985-03-25 | 1985-03-25 | Manufacture of contact material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58117843A JPS58117843A (en) | 1983-07-13 |
| JPH0146572B2 true JPH0146572B2 (en) | 1989-10-09 |
Family
ID=16620648
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56212324A Granted JPS58117843A (en) | 1981-12-29 | 1981-12-29 | Contact material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58117843A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-12-29 JP JP56212324A patent/JPS58117843A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS58117843A (en) | 1983-07-13 |
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