JPH0147863B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0147863B2 JPH0147863B2 JP58140306A JP14030683A JPH0147863B2 JP H0147863 B2 JPH0147863 B2 JP H0147863B2 JP 58140306 A JP58140306 A JP 58140306A JP 14030683 A JP14030683 A JP 14030683A JP H0147863 B2 JPH0147863 B2 JP H0147863B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- passage
- electrode
- oxidizer
- reforming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔発明の技術分野〕
この発明は、例えば炭化水素などの燃料を電池
内で改質しながら発電を行なう内部改質形燃料電
池に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to an internal reforming fuel cell that generates power while reforming a fuel such as hydrocarbon within the cell.
従来この種の燃料電池として第１図に示すもの
があつた。図において、１は多孔性のセラミツク
スで構成され、その空間には炭酸塩が充填されて
いる電解質マトリツクス、２は多孔性のニツケル
などで構成された燃料電極、３は酸化ニツケルな
どの多孔性材料で構成された酸化剤電極であり、
燃料電極２と酸化剤電極３とは電解質マトリツク
ス１を介して対向するように配置され、これらで
単電池を構成している。４は酸化剤電極３に対し
て設けられた酸化剤通路、５は燃料電極２に接し
て設けられ、多数の孔を有する燃料側のスペー
サ、６は燃料スペーサ５に直角に設けられたリブ
であり、燃料側スペーサ５とリブ６とで燃料通路
７を形成している。８は燃料通路７に充填された
燃料改質触媒である。
A conventional fuel cell of this type is shown in FIG. In the figure, 1 is an electrolyte matrix made of porous ceramics whose space is filled with carbonate, 2 is a fuel electrode made of porous nickel, etc., and 3 is a porous material such as nickel oxide. It is an oxidizer electrode composed of
The fuel electrode 2 and the oxidizer electrode 3 are arranged to face each other with the electrolyte matrix 1 in between, and constitute a single cell. 4 is an oxidizer passage provided for the oxidizer electrode 3; 5 is a spacer on the fuel side that is provided in contact with the fuel electrode 2 and has a large number of holes; 6 is a rib provided at right angles to the fuel spacer 5; A fuel passage 7 is formed by the fuel side spacer 5 and the rib 6. 8 is a fuel reforming catalyst filled in the fuel passage 7.
次に動作について説明する。燃料通路７に炭化
水素などの燃料と水蒸気が供給されると、燃料改
質触媒８との接触反応により、炭化水素は水蒸気
と反応して水素、一酸化炭素、および炭酸ガスに
変換される。炭化水素がメタンの場合には、この
反応は以下の式で表わされる。 Next, the operation will be explained. When fuel such as hydrocarbon and water vapor are supplied to the fuel passage 7, the hydrocarbon reacts with the water vapor through a catalytic reaction with the fuel reforming catalyst 8, and is converted into hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide gas. When the hydrocarbon is methane, this reaction is represented by the following equation.
CH4＋H2O→CO＋3H2
生成された水素および一酸化炭素は、燃料側ス
ペーサ５に設けられた孔を通り、多孔性の燃料電
極２の細孔を拡散する。他方、酸化剤通路４には
空気と炭酸ガスとの混合ガスが供給され、多孔性
の酸化剤電極３の細孔を拡散する。電解質マトリ
ツクス１に含浸され、動作温度である600℃付近
では溶融状態になつている炭酸塩、電極２，３、
および上記水素と酸素を主成分とする反応ガスの
間に生ずる電気化学反応により反応ガスが消費さ
れ、電流コレクタ（図示せず）間に電位が生じ、
外部に電力が取り出される。なお、燃料改質触媒
８上で起こる改質反応は吸熱反応であり、この反
応を持続させるのに必要な熱量は、上記電気化学
反応に伴なう非過逆反応が熱ロスとなり、燃料電
極２およびスペーサ５を介して燃料改質触媒８に
供給される。 CH 4 +H 2 O→CO+3H 2 The generated hydrogen and carbon monoxide pass through the holes provided in the fuel side spacer 5 and diffuse through the pores of the porous fuel electrode 2. On the other hand, a mixed gas of air and carbon dioxide is supplied to the oxidant passage 4 and diffuses through the pores of the porous oxidant electrode 3 . Carbonate electrodes 2 and 3 are impregnated into the electrolyte matrix 1 and are in a molten state at around the operating temperature of 600°C.
The reactant gas is consumed by an electrochemical reaction that occurs between the reactant gas mainly composed of hydrogen and oxygen, and a potential is generated between the current collector (not shown),
Power is extracted to the outside. Note that the reforming reaction that occurs on the fuel reforming catalyst 8 is an endothermic reaction, and the amount of heat required to sustain this reaction is due to heat loss due to the non-reversible reaction accompanying the electrochemical reaction, and the amount of heat required to sustain this reaction is 2 and the spacer 5 to the fuel reforming catalyst 8.
従来の内部改質形燃料電池は以上のように構成
されているので、燃料改質反応は燃料通路７の入
口側の急激に起こり、吸熱量も大きい。他方電気
化学的反応は反応ガスの分圧を起動力として起き
るので、燃料改質反応がある程度進行した点で最
大となり、発熱量も大きくなる。したがつて、燃
料通路７入口側では温度が低下し、燃料通路７出
口側では温度が上昇することになり、電池内に大
きな温度差が生ずるという欠点を有していた。 Since the conventional internal reforming fuel cell is configured as described above, the fuel reforming reaction occurs rapidly on the inlet side of the fuel passage 7, and the amount of heat absorbed is large. On the other hand, since the electrochemical reaction occurs using the partial pressure of the reaction gas as the driving force, it reaches its maximum when the fuel reforming reaction has progressed to a certain extent, and the amount of heat generated increases. Therefore, the temperature decreases on the inlet side of the fuel passage 7, and the temperature rises on the outlet side of the fuel passage 7, resulting in a drawback that a large temperature difference occurs within the battery.
この発明は上記のような従来のものの欠点を除
去するためになされたもので、燃料通路における
燃料の流れ方向に直角な断面積を上記燃料の流れ
方向に向かつて拡大することにより、上記燃料の
流れ方向に燃料改質反応を均一化し、その結果、
電池内の温度分布を一様化することのできる内部
改質形燃料電池を提供することを目的としてい
る。
This invention was made in order to eliminate the drawbacks of the conventional ones as described above, and by expanding the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the fuel flow direction in the fuel passage toward the fuel flow direction. Uniformizes the fuel reforming reaction in the flow direction, resulting in
An object of the present invention is to provide an internal reforming fuel cell that can uniformize the temperature distribution within the cell.
第２図はこの発明の一実施例による内部改質形
燃料電池を示す斜視図である。図において、電解
質マトリツクス１、燃料電極２、および酸化剤電
極３で構成される単電池、並びに酸化剤供給のた
めの酸化剤通路４の構造は従来と同様である。燃
料側スペーサ５に設けられたリブ６は、燃料の流
れ方向に直角な断面積を燃料の流れ方向に向かつ
て減少しており、その結果、酸化剤電極５とリブ
６で構成される燃料通路７の幅つまり燃料の流れ
方向に直角な断面積を燃料の流れ方向に向かつて
拡大する。
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an internal reforming fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the structure of a unit cell composed of an electrolyte matrix 1, a fuel electrode 2, and an oxidizer electrode 3, as well as an oxidant passage 4 for supplying an oxidant, is the same as that of the conventional one. The ribs 6 provided on the fuel side spacer 5 have a cross-sectional area perpendicular to the fuel flow direction that decreases in the direction of the fuel flow. 7, that is, the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the fuel flow direction, is expanded in the fuel flow direction.
なお、燃料通路７には従来と同様に燃料改質触
媒８が充填されている。 Note that the fuel passage 7 is filled with a fuel reforming catalyst 8 as in the conventional case.
次に動作について説明する。従来と同様に、燃
料通路７に炭化水素などの燃料と水蒸気が供給さ
れると、燃料改質触媒８との接触により、炭化水
素は水蒸気と反応して水素、一酸化炭素、および
炭酸ガスに変換される。この際、この発明におい
ては燃料通路７の燃料の流れ方向に直角な断面積
が燃料の流れ方向に向かつて拡大しており、その
結果、燃料通路７に充填されている燃料改質触媒
８の量の燃料の流れ方向に向かつて増大してい
る。したがつて、改質反応の反応速度の大きい燃
料通路７入口付近では触媒８量が少なく、反応速
度の小さい出口付近では触媒８量が大きくなり、
燃料の流れ方向に改質反応が均一化し、したがつ
て吸熱量も均一化するので、電池内温度分布が一
様化する。 Next, the operation will be explained. As in the past, when fuel such as hydrocarbons and water vapor are supplied to the fuel passage 7, the hydrocarbons react with the water vapor through contact with the fuel reforming catalyst 8 to form hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide gas. converted. At this time, in this invention, the cross-sectional area of the fuel passage 7 perpendicular to the fuel flow direction increases in the fuel flow direction, and as a result, the fuel reforming catalyst 8 filled in the fuel passage 7 The amount of fuel increases in the direction of flow. Therefore, the amount of catalyst 8 is small near the entrance of the fuel passage 7 where the reaction rate of the reforming reaction is high, and the amount of catalyst 8 is large near the exit where the reaction rate is low.
Since the reforming reaction is made uniform in the direction of fuel flow, and therefore the amount of heat absorbed is also made uniform, the temperature distribution within the cell becomes uniform.
なお、上記実施例では燃料通路７の燃料の流れ
方向に直角な断面積を燃料の流れ方向に向かつて
拡大するのに、燃料通路７の幅を燃料の流れ方向
に向かつて広くしたものを示したが、第３図に示
すように燃料側スペーサ５の厚さを変えることに
より燃料流路７の深さを燃料の流れ方向に向かつ
て深くしてもよい。また、燃料通路７の幅と深さ
の両方を変化させてもよい。 In addition, in the above embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the fuel passage 7 perpendicular to the fuel flow direction is increased in the fuel flow direction, but the width of the fuel passage 7 is increased in the fuel flow direction. However, as shown in FIG. 3, by changing the thickness of the fuel-side spacer 5, the depth of the fuel flow path 7 may be increased in the direction of fuel flow. Further, both the width and depth of the fuel passage 7 may be changed.
また、第１図、第２図では簡単のため、燃料電
極２、酸化剤電極３、および電解質マトリツクス
１よりなる単電池の両側に燃料通路７および酸化
剤通路４を設けたものを示したが、実際には、こ
れらがガス分離板を反して複数個積層されて運転
されることが多い。 Furthermore, for the sake of simplicity, FIGS. 1 and 2 show a unit cell consisting of a fuel electrode 2, an oxidizer electrode 3, and an electrolyte matrix 1, with a fuel passage 7 and an oxidizer passage 4 provided on both sides. In reality, a plurality of these are often stacked and operated with the gas separation plate opposite.
また、上記実施例では燃料通路７および酸化剤
通路４をそれぞれ燃料電極２および酸化剤電極３
とは別に設けたものを示したが、これら電極２，
３を直接溝を堀るなどして通路４，７を形成した
場合にもこの発明は適用可能である。 Further, in the above embodiment, the fuel passage 7 and the oxidizer passage 4 are connected to the fuel electrode 2 and the oxidizer electrode 3, respectively.
Although shown is one provided separately from the electrode 2,
The present invention is also applicable to the case where the passages 4 and 7 are formed by directly digging grooves in the groove 3.
また、燃料側スペーサ５に設けた孔は、燃料通
路７で改質された燃料を燃料電極２へ拡散させる
ためのものであり、上記のように電極２に直接通
路７を形成した場合や、燃料側スペーサ５が多孔
性材料などで構成されている場合には不要であ
る。 Further, the hole provided in the fuel side spacer 5 is for diffusing the fuel reformed in the fuel passage 7 to the fuel electrode 2, and when the passage 7 is formed directly in the electrode 2 as described above, This is not necessary if the fuel side spacer 5 is made of a porous material or the like.
以上のように、この発明によれば燃料通路にお
ける燃料の流れ方向に直角な断面積を上記燃料の
流れ方向に向かつて拡大したので、上記燃料の流
れ方向に燃料改質反応を均一化でき、その結果、
電池内の温度分布を一様化することができる内部
改質形燃料電池が得られる効果がある。
As described above, according to the present invention, the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the fuel flow direction in the fuel passage is expanded in the fuel flow direction, so that the fuel reforming reaction can be made uniform in the fuel flow direction. the result,
This has the effect of providing an internal reforming fuel cell that can uniformize the temperature distribution within the cell.
第１図は従来の内部改質形燃料電池を示す斜視
図、第２図はこの発明の一実施例による内部改質
形燃料電池を示す斜視図、第３図はこの発明の他
の実施例に係わる燃料通路を示す斜視図である。
図において、１は電解質マトリツクス、２は燃
料電極、３は酸化剤電極、４は酸化剤通路、５は
燃料側スペーサ、６はリブ、７は燃料側スペー
サ、５とリブ６とで構成される燃料通路、８は燃
料改質触媒である。なお、図中同一符号は同一ま
たは相当部分を示すものとする。
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a conventional internally reforming fuel cell, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an internally reforming fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a fuel passage related to the fuel passage. In the figure, 1 is an electrolyte matrix, 2 is a fuel electrode, 3 is an oxidizer electrode, 4 is an oxidizer passage, 5 is a fuel side spacer, 6 is a rib, 7 is a fuel side spacer, 5 and a rib 6. The fuel passage 8 is a fuel reforming catalyst. Note that the same reference numerals in the figures indicate the same or corresponding parts.
Claims (1)
スを介して対向するように配置した単電池、上記
燃料電極に対して設けられた燃料通路、この燃料
通路に充填された燃料改質触媒、および上記酸化
剤電極に対して設けられた酸化剤通路を備え、燃
料および酸化剤をそれぞれ上記通路に供給して燃
料を改質しながら発電を行なう内部改質形燃料電
池において、上記燃料通路の燃料の流れ方向に直
角な断面積を上記燃料の流れ方向に向かつて拡大
したことを特徴とする内部改質形燃料電池。 ２ 燃料通路は、その幅を燃料の流れ方向に向か
つて広くしたことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第
１項記載の内部改質形燃料電池。 ３ 燃料通路は、その深さを燃料の流れ方向に向
かつて深くしたことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲
第１項または第２項記載の内部改質形燃料電池。[Scope of Claims] 1. A unit cell in which a fuel electrode and an oxidizer electrode are arranged to face each other with an electrolyte matrix interposed therebetween, a fuel passage provided for the fuel electrode, and a fuel reformer filled in this fuel passage. In the internal reforming fuel cell, the internal reforming fuel cell is equipped with an oxidizer passage provided to the oxidizer electrode and a fuel catalyst, and generates power while reforming the fuel by supplying fuel and oxidizer to the passage respectively. An internal reforming fuel cell characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the fuel passage perpendicular to the fuel flow direction is expanded in the fuel flow direction. 2. The internal reforming fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the width of the fuel passage increases in the direction of fuel flow. 3. The internal reforming fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fuel passage has a depth that increases in the direction of fuel flow.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58140306A JPS6032255A (en) | 1983-07-29 | 1983-07-29 | Internally reformed type fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58140306A JPS6032255A (en) | 1983-07-29 | 1983-07-29 | Internally reformed type fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6032255A JPS6032255A (en) | 1985-02-19 |
| JPH0147863B2 true JPH0147863B2 (en) | 1989-10-17 |
Family
ID=15265715
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58140306A Granted JPS6032255A (en) | 1983-07-29 | 1983-07-29 | Internally reformed type fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6032255A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2023172291A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-12-06 | 日産自動車株式会社 | solid oxide fuel cell |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4524113A (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1985-06-18 | United Technologies Corporation | Direct use of methanol fuel in a molten carbonate fuel cell |
| JPH0656765B2 (en) * | 1984-05-15 | 1994-07-27 | 株式会社東芝 | Molten carbonate fuel cell |
| JPH081805B2 (en) * | 1985-06-14 | 1996-01-10 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Fuel cell |
| JPS6212269U (en) * | 1985-07-05 | 1987-01-24 | ||
| JPH0831321B2 (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1996-03-27 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell |
| JP2510982B2 (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1996-06-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Method of starting internal reforming molten carbonate fuel system |
| GB9621540D0 (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 1996-12-04 | British Gas Plc | An electric power generation system |
| GB9623327D0 (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1997-01-08 | British Gas Plc | An electric power generation system |
| DE102005005231B4 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2012-04-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Device with a channel carrying a medium and method of removing inclusions |
| KR100646985B1 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2006-11-23 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Flat fuel reforming system and fuel cell system having same |
-
1983
- 1983-07-29 JP JP58140306A patent/JPS6032255A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2023172291A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-12-06 | 日産自動車株式会社 | solid oxide fuel cell |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6032255A (en) | 1985-02-19 |
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