JPH0151840B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument in which the portamento effect and the chromatic glissando effect are executed at slide speeds proportional to the period of the slide clock pulse, and in which the slide feel of both effects can be clearly distinguished. Previously, the applicant had filed Japanese Patent Application No. 52-46983.
58-29520) "Electronic musical instruments" in which the fundamental frequency of musical tones generated by pressing keys is proportional to the frequency number read out by the key data of each key (U.S. Patent Nos. 4085644 and 4067254)
We proposed a device that adds glide effects, portamento effects, etc. that do not look unnatural to the previous model (No. 1) with a simple configuration. Figure 1a shows the above-mentioned patent application No. 52-46983 "Electronic musical instrument"
The parts necessary for explaining the present invention are extracted from FIG. 1, and the same numbers are used for each part. The portion surrounded by the one-dot chain line in the figure corresponds to the portamento chromatic glissando effect generating circuit 40 of the conventional example shown in FIG. 2 and the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 3, which will be described later.
In the figure, when the key data of the first pressed key is generated on l1 to l21 from the key code register 1, the key data latch pulse generating circuit 22 generates l2 to l2 based on the signal from the envelope generating circuit.
A latch pulse is generated in both 2 and 123, and this key data is stored in the follow-up key data calculation register 23 and the target key data register 25. 2
When the key data of the second pressed key is generated on l1 to l21 from the key code register 1, a latch pulse is generated on l23, the second key data is stored in the target key data register 25, and the target key data B becomes. The key data of the first pressed key is stored as follow-up key data A in the follow-up key data calculation register 23.
It remains stored in . Follow-up key data A and target key data B are compared by a comparator 24. 1
At the second press, a signal "1" is generated on l24 of A=B, and the signal "1" is generated on the counter 29 through the NOT gate 33.
AND gate 31 is reset.
is set to OFF. When the condition A=B is not satisfied by the second press, the signal on l24 changes to "0" and the reset state of the counter 29 and the AND gate 3 are reset.
Release the OFF state of 1. If A>B, the follow-up key data A is larger, so the selector 26 uses the counter 29 that counts the output of the clock generator 30.
The output on l27 is sent to l32, and the contents of the follow-up key data calculation register 23 are subtracted by 1. If A<B, the target key data B is larger, so the content of the follow-up key data calculation register 23 is added by 1 by the output of the counter 29, which is similarly sent to l33. In this way, the follow-up key data A approaches the target key data B, and when both match exactly, A=B is established again, a signal "1" is generated on l24, and the counter 29 is reset.
AND gate 31 is also turned off. AND gate 3
1 is in the interval of A>B or A<B, that is, in the frequency slide interval, and if the switch is turned to the PORT. side, it becomes ON, and the output on l28 of the clock generator 30 is sent on l13. Ru. However, when the output on l27 of the counter 29 is "1", the NOT gate 35 functions to prevent the output. If the switch is knocked down on the C-GLISS. side, it will be turned OFF unconditionally. The output on l27 of counter 29 corresponds to the time to tick the semitone interval, and the output on l27 of clock generator 30
The output above 8 corresponds to the time for finer increments between semitone intervals. This relationship will be explained with reference to FIG. 1b. FIG. 1b shows a time chart of each signal when the follow-up key data A is set to the key data of the C note and the target key data B is set to the key data of the D note. It is divided into five steps, taking semitone intervals as an example. When the second key D is pressed at t ₁ following the first pressed key C,
The condition A=B is not satisfied, the signal on l24 changes from "1" to "0", and ι30 changes from "0" to "1", and the counter 29 is reset.
Release the OFF state of AND gate 31. When l30 is "1" and no pulse is generated on l27 and is "0", the output of the clock generator 30 on l28 passes through the AND gate 31 and becomes l1.
3 is sent on top. When a pulse occurs on l27, it is blocked from passing through NOT gate 35. This situation is shown in (a) to (d). As will be detailed later,
The pulse example 113 is used as a timing signal when incrementing semitone intervals. The pulse of l27 increments the follow-up key data calculation register 23 by 1, so t ₂ →
At t ₃ , the key data of tracking key data A is C#
→Update to D. At _t3 , A=B holds true, so the signal on l24 changes to "1" and l30 becomes "0", which resets the counter 29 and turns off the AND gate 31. From the relationship between ι28 and ι27, the counter 29 becomes a modulus 5 counter. The follow-up key data A, which is calculated by ±1 at the output timing of the counter 29, becomes an address signal for the note frequency number memory 5 via l5 to l10, and the frequency number corresponding to the follow-up key data A, which changes at semitone intervals, is sent to l11. The note frequency number R is sent to the top. After all, note frequency number R
is the follow-up key data A according to the output of the counter 29.
will change at semitone intervals until it becomes equal to the target key data B, realizing a chromatic glitsand effect movement. If the switch is defeated on the C-GLISS. side,
l is the timing signal for notching semitone intervals.
Since the signal on 13 is not generated, data selector 6
becomes OFF, and the division note frequency number Q' on l14 becomes 0, which is the output of accumulator 7, l15.
The cumulative note frequency number Q″ above is also 0. Therefore, the calculated note frequency number R′ on l17, which is the output of the adder 9, is equal to R. In the end, based on R′, the frequency generator 12 It is converted into a frequency signal proportional to the calculation note frequency number R', drives the musical sound waveform generator 13, and emits the sound in the sound system 14 to achieve a chromatic gris sand effect.Meanwhile, the switch is turned to the RORT. side. If so, the AND gate 31 is turned ON and the output of the clock generator 30 on l28 is sent out on l13 during the interval A>B or A<B as shown in FIG. Every time a clock pulse occurs in l13, data selector 6 turns ON, and R
Divided note frequency number Q′= divided by N
Send R/N on l14. Accumulator 7 is l14
Accumulate Q′ that occurs above. Q″ of l15, which is the output of the accumulator 7, changes from 1 → 2 → 3 → 4, etc. as the number of accumulations p increases, R/N → 2 (R/N) → 3 (R/N).
N)→4(R/N)... After accumulating a certain number of times, the output on l27 of the counter 29 is sent to the selector 26 at the next clock pulse, the follow-up key data calculation register 23 performs a ±1 operation, and the accumulation is performed via the NAND gate 36. The contents of the device 7 are cleared and the AND gate 31 is temporarily turned OFF via the NOT gate 35 to prevent Q' from being sent from the data selector 6 to the accumulator 7. This corresponds to t ₂ and t ₃ in FIG. 1b. Complementer 8 is controlled by the signal on l25,
If A > B, Q'' on l15 is sent as -Q'', otherwise it is sent as +Q'' to l16 and input to adder 9. In other words, the larger the key data, the higher the note frequency (the higher the note frequency) Therefore, if the tracking key data A is larger than the target key data B, the note frequency number R, which is proportional to the note frequency, is also larger for the tracking key data A, so the note frequency It is necessary to subtract the number R, and it is necessary to convert Q'' to -Q''.Of course, if A<B, then Q'' can be +Q''.In Figure 1b, the note frequency number R of note C is
1825, C# note is 1825×2 ^1/12 = 1933, D note is
It is assumed that 1933×2 ^1/12 = 2048... The operation shown in Fig. 1b will be explained in detail. Let us assume that the note frequency numbers of each note of C, C#, and D are R ₁ , R ₂ , and R ₃ .
R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ (R ₁ < R ₂ < R ₃ ) are each at semitone intervals, and since the tracking key data A corresponds to R ₁ and the target key data B corresponds to R ₃ , a clock pulse is generated on l13. Each time , the calculation note frequency number
R′ is R ₁ to R ₁ +R ₁ /N → R ₁ +2 (R ₁ /N) → R ₁
+3 (R ₁ /N) → R ₁ +4 (R ₁ /N), and t ₂
The clock pulse causes an output from the counter 29 on l27, and the follow-up key data A is updated to become _R2 , which clears the contents of the accumulator 7 (here, 4( _R1 /N)) via the NAND gate 36. Due to the clock pulse after t ₂ , R ₂ → R ₂ +
R ₂ /N+R ₂ +2 (R ₂ /N)...→R ₂ +4 (R ₂ /
N) → R ₂ , and at t ₃ , A=B is established and the frequency slide stops. In _other words _, each R _{1 ,}
By interpolating between R ₂ and R ₃ in five steps, a smoothly changing calculated note frequency number R' can be obtained, and the portamento effect can be realized. As the above processing process, corresponding to the interpolation increment ~ shown on the right side of the time chart in Figure b, the above-mentioned cumulative number p, divided note frequency number Q',
Cumulative frequency number Q'', calculation note frequency number
The formula for R' is shown in Table 1 below.

【table】

[Table] Both effects that are problematic in the present invention are the portamento effect, in which the sound frequency of musical tones continuously shifts from the pressed key to the next pressed key, and the portamento effect, in which the sound frequency of the musical tone continuously shifts from the pressed key to the next pressed key. In the present proposal, the chromatic glissando effect, in which the sound frequency shifts in discrete changes at semitone intervals, is performed at slide speeds each proportional to the period of the slide clock pulse output from one clock generator 30. There is. That is, since both the portamento effect and the chromatic grissando effect are based on the note frequency number R read out by the change in the follow-up key data A that is updated according to the output of the counter 29 sent out on the l27, The time required to transition from one pressed key to the next pressed key will be the same for both effects. In the conventional example shown in FIG. 2, the first
A clock pulse generator 42, corresponding to the clock generator 30 shown, is provided, and the slide speed of both effects is determined in proportion to the period of the slide clock pulses generated by it on line 128. 43
is a clock pulse period variable device which, when operated by the performer, changes the period of the slide clock pulse on line 128 and changes the slide speed. For example, clock pulse generator 42
If it is constituted by an unstable multivibrator, the clock pulse period variable device 43 is a variable resistor connected to change the oscillation period. The portamento/chromatic glissando effect generating circuit 40 is provided with a mode selection switch 41,
Either the PORT. side, which turns on portamento, or the C-GLISS. side, which turns on chromatic glissando, is selected, but the same slide clock pulse is used in both modes. However, if the slide speeds of both effects are processed by the same slide clock pulse, there is a drawback that the discrete changes in the sound frequency in the chromatic glissando effect lack clarity. The difference between the two effects is whether to use finer changes in frequency numbers by interpolating between the note frequency numbers R read out with the changing follow-up key data A (portamento effect), or to use them without interpolation (chromatic gritsand). effect). That is, the clock pulse period variable device 43
The faster the slide speed is set, the more the non-interpolated chromatic glitsando effect is perceived audibly as a continuous frequency change, giving the performer the same sliding feeling as the portamento effect, and making it easier to switch between the two while playing. Even if you use it, there is no big difference between the two.
The drawback is that the characteristics of this technique fade, and therefore, performers often feel the need to slow down the slide speed when switching from a portamento effect to a chromatic grissando effect during a performance, in terms of musical expression. It is an object of the invention that the portamento effect and the chromatic glissando effect are performed with slide speeds each proportional to the period of the slide clock pulse;
Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electronic musical instrument in which the sliding sensations of both effects can be clearly distinguished. In order to achieve the above object, the electronic musical instrument of the present invention uses a portamento effect in which the sound frequency of a musical tone transitions between the first pressed key and the second pressed key by continuously interpolating semitone intervals. , and a chromatic glissando effect that transitions without interpolation but with discrete changes in chromatic pitch intervals, a portamento chromatic glissando effect generating circuit that can be selected by a mode selection switch, and one clock pulse generator. The slide clock pulse outputted from the clock pulse generator is input to the portamento chromatic glissando effect generating circuit, and the first slide clock pulse is generated at a slide speed according to the output frequency.
For electronic instruments where the selected effect is performed between the scales from the first pressed key to the second pressed key, the slide speed when selecting the chromatic glitsando effect is now slower than the slide speed when selecting the portamento effect. The present invention is further characterized in that it further includes slide clock pulse selection means on the output line of the clock pulse generator for changing the output frequency of the clock pulse generator in accordance with a mode selection switch. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention. This figure differs from FIG. 2 in that a slide clock pulse selection circuit 45, which is controlled by the output of a mode selection switch 41, is provided on line 128, which is the output of the clock pulse generator 42. The slide clock pulse selection circuit 45 includes a frequency divider 45-1, an AND gate 45-2, and an AND gate 4.
5-3, an OR gate 45-4, and a NOT circuit. The AND gate 45-2 receives the output from the clock pulse generator 42 and the output from the mode selection switch.
The output from the PORT. side and the inverted output from the C-GLISS. side are input, and the AND gate 45-3 inputs the output from the clock pulse generator 42 via the frequency divider 45-1 and the PORT of the mode selection switch 41. Input the inverted output from the . side and the output from the C-GLISS. side, AND gate 45-2 and AND gate 45-3
The output is input to the portamento effect/chromatic glissando effect generating circuit 40 via the OR gate 45-4. Now, if the mode selection switch 41 is on the PORT. side, the AND gate 45-2 is on,
Since AND gate 45-3 is turned off, the output of clock pulse generator 42 is sent to portamento/chromatic glissando effect generating circuit 40 via OR gate 45-4. If the mode selection switch 41 is turned on to the C-GLISS. side, the AND gate 45-2 is turned off, AND
Since gate 45-3 is turned on, OR gate 4
The clock pulse generator 4 is connected to the portamento/chromatic glissando effect generating circuit 40 via the clock pulse generator 5-4.
The output of the frequency divider 45-1, which is the output of the frequency divider 45-1, is sent out. Normally, the frequency divider 45-1 only needs to be composed of one flip-flop, so the slide speed ratio between the portamento effect and the chromatic glissando effect is 2:1, and the slide speed between the two effects during the performance as described above is 2:1. The distinction between speeds becomes clear. Therefore, even when switching from the portamento effect to the chromatic grissando effect, there is no sense of incompatibility as in the conventional case. For convenience, in the embodiment, the clock pulse for the chromatic glissando effect is obtained by the frequency divider 45-1, but a separate clock pulse generator may be prepared, or the constant of the period determining element of the clock pulse generator 42 may be set to the mode. It may be switched in conjunction with the selection switch 41. As explained above, according to the present invention, the slide clock pulse selection circuit selects the period of the slide clock pulse used for the chromatic glissando effect to be longer than the period of the slide clock pulse used for the portamento effect. By doing so, the discrete changes in the sound frequency in the chromatic glitsando effect become clear, and when switching from the portamento effect to the chromatic glitsando effect during performance, it becomes possible to clearly distinguish between the two effects.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1a and 1b are explanatory diagrams of a proposed example circuit and a time chart of its operation, which are the basis of the present invention, respectively.
The figure is an explanatory diagram of a conventional example, and Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.
42 is a clock pulse generator, 43 is a clock pulse period variable device, 41 is a mode selection switch, and 45 is a slide clock pulse selection circuit.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Portamento effect, in which the sound frequency of a musical tone shifts between the first pressed key and the second pressed key by continuously interpolating semitone intervals, and discrete changes in semitone intervals without interpolation. The circuit is equipped with a portamento chromatic glissando effect generating circuit that can select either one of the chromatic glissando effects that transitions with a mode selection switch, and one clock pulse generator, and uses the slide clock pulse output from this clock pulse generator. In an electronic musical instrument, a selected effect is inputted to the portamento chromatic glissando effect generation circuit and executed between the scales from the first pressed key to the second pressed key at a slide speed according to the output frequency thereof. , a slide clock pulse selection means for changing the output frequency of the clock pulse generator in accordance with the mode selection switch so that the slide speed when the chromatic glissando effect is selected is slower than the slide speed when the portamento effect is selected; An electronic musical instrument further comprising an output line of the generator.