JPH0160838B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that can automatically play a chord as an additional melody when playing a melody, and the sound interval between the melody note and the additional note can be varied depending on the range to which the melody note belongs. This makes it possible to obtain comfortable harmony across the entire range. Conventionally, electronic musical instruments capable of generating additional melodies have been developed using multiple keys pressed on an accompaniment keyboard (e.g.
C ₂ , E ₂ , G ₂ ) and pitch name (C ₂ , E ₂ , G ₂ for C,
Among the many notes that have the same number (E, G), the note in the lower octave of the key pressed on the melody keyboard (for example, C ₆ ) (for C ₆ , C ₅ , E ₅ , G ₅ )
There is a known system in which C 6 is selected as an additional sound and is sounded together with the melody sound (C ₆ ) (see, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 17895-1983). However, in the case of such electronic musical instruments, no matter which range of the melody keyboard you press, the interval between the melody note and the additional note does not change, so a sufficiently beautiful harmony can be created across the entire range. I had a problem that I couldn't get it. An object of the present invention is to provide a new electronic musical instrument that can obtain comfortable harmony over the entire range. The electronic musical instrument according to the present invention is characterized in that it determines to which range a key pressed on a melody keyboard belongs, and specifies different note intervals for each range according to the result of the determination. . Specifically, in the high range, we add additional notes in a slightly open manner to obtain a wide, pleasant harmony, while in the low range, if the notes are too open, the harmonies stand out too much, which is undesirable, so we add additional notes in a slightly closed manner. This allows beautiful harmonies to be obtained in the entire range. The invention will now be described in detail with reference to embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the generation of melody tones, chords, additional melody tones, etc. is controlled with the help of a microcomputer. There is. The central processing unit (CPU) 10 operates according to programs stored in a program memory 12 consisting of a ROM (read-only memory), and controls various switches (SW) on a panel 14.
In other words, switch the tone switch, function switch (for example, auto bass chord, auto rhythm, etc.), additional sound mode switch MS, etc.
(Switch) The status of each switch is detected by scanning through the interface 16, and the detected switch information is stored in RAM (Random Access Memory).
When there is a change in the switch status, switch information is supplied from the working area 18 to the UK sound interface 22 and/or the LK sound interface 24 via the bus 20. The central processing unit 10 also scans the upper keyboard 28 for melody and the lower keyboard 30 for accompaniment via the key interface 26 to detect the state of each key, and stores the detected key information in the working area 18. When a register is written and the key status changes, key information is provided from the working area 18 to the UK sound interface 22 and/or the LK sound interface 24 via the bus 20. In this case, when the additional sound mode switch MS is turned on, the central processing unit 10 performs the following based on the key-on information from the upper keyboard 28 and the key-on information from the lower keyboard 30 (or the key-on information from the memory for the lower keyboard). Additional sound information for two sounds is formed and written to the register in the working area 18, and then sent to the UK via the bus 20.
is supplied to the sound interface 22. The UK sound interface 22 supplies key data UKKD and tone control data UC to the upper keyboard tone generator (UKTG) 32 based on the key information and switch information regarding the upper keyboard from the working area 18. Nerator 32 is key data UKKD and tone control data
Form UK sound signal according to UC, output amplifier 3
4 to a speaker 36. Furthermore, when the additional sound mode switch MS is pressed, the UK sound interface 22 sends key data to the tone generator 32.
Since additional sound key data is also supplied as UKKD, the additional sound signal is also sent out from the tone generator 32 as a UK sound signal. The LK sound interface 24 supplies key data KKD and tone control data LC to the lower keyboard tone generator (LKTG) 38 based on the key information and switch information regarding the lower keyboard from the working area 18. The generator 38 has key data LKKD and tone control data LC.
An LK sound signal is formed in accordance with the output signal, and is supplied to a speaker 36 via an output amplifier 34. Therefore, from the speaker 36, a UK tone (usually a melody tone) corresponding to a key pressed on the upper keyboard 28 is produced, and a UK tone corresponding to a key pressed on the lower keyboard 30 is produced.
An LK note (usually a chord) is produced, and when the additional note mode switch MS is pressed, two additional notes are produced as an additional melody to the original UK note. FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of registers in the working area 18. For the sake of simplicity, only those related to the additional sound forming operation will be discussed here, and the other registers will be described as various registers and their explanation will be omitted. UKKD1 to UKKD61 are C ₂ to upper keyboard 28.
This is a key data register corresponding to each of the 61 keys of _C7 , and the data format of each register is
As typically shown for UKKD1, the most significant bit (MSB) of 1 byte (8 bits) indicates the key status KS (“1” if the key is on, “0” if the key is off), and the remaining bits are indifferent. It is in use. Here, if the reference address is UAD for the register group including UKKD1 to UKKD61,
Each address of UKKD1, UKKD2... is UAD+
It is expressed as 1, UAD+2... Also, LKKD1 to LKKD61 are the lower keyboard 30.
This is a key data register corresponding to each of the 61 keys of C ₂ to _{C 7} , and the data format of each register is 1 as shown representatively for LKKD1.
Of the bytes (8 bits), the most significant bit (MSB) indicates the key status KS (“1” if the key is on, “0” if the key is off), and the least significant bit (LSB) is the note name related flag NF. The remaining bits are unused. Here, LKKD1
~If the reference address for the register group including LKKD61 is LAD, then LKKD1, LKKD2...
Each address is expressed as LAD+1, LAD+2, etc. The note name related flag NF is set to "1" when the note name is related to the key pressed on the lower keyboard 30 (specifically, when the note name is the same). For example,
If the C ₂ , E ₂ , G ₂ keys are pressed, all keys with the same pitch name C _, E, _G are pressed.
The pitch name related flag NF for G ₂ ; C ₃ , E ₃ , G ₃ , C ₄ , E ₄ , G ₄ . . . becomes “1”. By the way, MELL is a key number register for writing the key number of one key when pressed on the upper keyboard 28, and the key number of the lowest note when multiple keys are pressed at the same time. be. In addition, BF-0 and BF-1 are buffer registers for writing additional tone key number data.
MODE is an additional sound mode register in which “01” is written in hexadecimal when the additional sound mode switch MS is on, and INT1 specifies the interval between the melody sound and the first additional sound. The register for writing the first note interval data, INT2 is the register for writing the first note interval data.
a register for writing second sound interval data specifying the sound interval between the additional sound and the second additional sound;
UKAKO is a UK any key on flag indicating that any key was pressed on the upper keyboard 28.
LKAKO is an LK any key on flag indicating that any key on the lower keyboard 30 has been pressed. Note that the key numbers for both the upper keyboard 28 and lower keyboard 30 are 2 for the C ₂ key and 2,
3, 4... are assigned as _C7 key 61. Next, the flow of processing of the main routine will be explained with reference to FIG. First, when the power switch (not shown) is turned on, processing starts, and the upper and lower keyboards UK and LK are scanned, and the various switch SWs on the panel 14 are scanned, and the key information switch information is stored in the register in the working area 18. be included. Then, it is determined whether there is a change in the key state and the switch state, and if there is no change (if NO), scanning and information acquisition are repeated. Here, if there is a change in the key state or switch state (the determination result is YES), the process moves to a branched process depending on the event type SW, UK, or LK. For example, if the switch status changes,
It is determined whether the UK and LK tone color switches have changed, and if YES, UK and LK tone color switch information is outputted to the respective tone generators 32 and 38 via the interfaces 22 and 24. Also, if the additional sound mode switch MS changes, buffer registers BF-0 and BF-
After writing "00" in hexadecimal to 1 and clearing the same register, the contents of BF-0 and BF-1 are sent to the tone generator 3 via the UK sound interface 22.
Output to 2. As a result, tone generator 3
The additional sound key data of 2 will be cleared, and if the additional sound is not being produced, the non-pronunciation state will continue, and if the additional sound is being produced, the production will be stopped. . Further, when there is a change in the function switch, various program processing and data transfer are performed, but since these are not directly related to the present case, their explanation will be omitted. Note that after the processing associated with any of the switch state changes described above, the process returns to the scanning and information acquisition processing described above. On the other hand, when there is a change in the upper keyboard UK, the key information (on or off data and key number data) of the changed key is sent to the UK sound interface 22.
Output to. After this, register UKKD1~61
Determine whether UK any key is on by checking the most significant bit of
Write "01" in hexadecimal to UKAKO to set it, and if it is no N, write 16 to the flag UKAKO.
Write ``00'' in the system to reset it. Then, when the flag UKAKO is set, the register whose most significant bit is "1" is checked among the registers UKKD1 to 61, the lowest note with the smallest key number is searched, and the key number of this lowest note is registered. Set to MELL. Thereafter, it is checked whether the register MODE is not "00" in hexadecimal to determine whether it is the additional sound mode, and if it is not the additional sound mode, the process returns to the above-mentioned scanning and information acquisition process. On the other hand, when there is a change in the lower keyboard LK, the key information (on or off data and key number data) of the changed key is sent to the LK sound interface 24.
Output to. After this, register LKKD1~61
Check the most significant bit of LK to determine if any key is on, and if yes, flag
Write "01" in hexadecimal to LKAKO to put it in the set state, and if no, write "00" in hexadecimal to the flag LKAKO to put it in the reset state. Then, when the flag LKAKO is set, the pitch name related flag NF is set to "1" for those whose most significant bits are "1" among LKKD1 to LKKD61 and those whose pitch names are the same. Thereafter, as in the case of the UK branch described above, it is determined whether the additional sound mode is selected, and if it is not the additional sound mode, the processing returns to the above-described scanning and information acquisition process. By the way, if it is determined that the mode is the additional sound mode (register MODE is not "00" in hexadecimal) in the above-mentioned determination of the additional sound mode, the process moves to the subroutine shown in FIG. 4 to form the additional sound. If it is possible to form two-tone additional tone key data, it is formed and written to buffer registers BF-0 and BF-1. Then, after outputting the additional tone key data in registers BF-0 and BF-1 to the UK tone interface 22, the process returns to the above-described scanning and information acquisition process. Next, with reference to FIG. 4, the flow of processing of a subroutine for forming additional sounds will be explained. First, write to buffer registers BF-0 and BF-1.
Write "00" in hexadecimal to clear the register. Then, by checking whether the flag LKAKO is "00" in hexadecimal, it is determined whether all keys of LK are off, and if YES, it is impossible to form additional tones, so the process ends. Also, if all LK keys are not off, the flag
Check whether UKAKO is "00" in hexadecimal and determine whether all keys of UK are off. If yes, no additional notes can be formed, so the process ends. Like this LK all keys off or UK
If additional tones cannot be generated because all keys are off, buffer registers BF-0 and BF-1 remain cleared and no additional tones are generated. Here, assuming that all keys of LK and UK are not turned off, the key number data of the lowest tone of UK is written from the key number register MELL to the A register included in the central processing unit 10. After this, the process moves on to determining which range the lowest UK note belongs to, and setting different note intervals for each range according to the determination result.The note interval values for each range are predetermined as shown in the table below. There is.

[Table] Here, the first note interval value indicates the note interval between the UK lowest note and the first additional note, and the second note interval value indicates the note interval between the first additional note and the second additional note. This indicates the interval between sounds. When determining the range, first, the value of the A register is
It is determined whether the UK lowest note is above F ₅ # by checking whether it is greater than key number 43 of F ₅ #. If the result of this determination is YES, the tone range is G ₅ to C ₇ , so tone interval data indicating 7 is written in both registers INT1 and INT2. Also, the judgment result is No N.
If so, in order to find out whether it belongs to one of the other two ranges, check whether the value of the A register is greater than the key number 29 of E ₄ , so that the lowest UK note is E ₄ .
Determine if it is higher. If the result of this judgment is YES, the range is F ₄ to F ₅ #, so note interval data indicating 7 is stored in register INT1, and register INT2 is
The tone interval data indicating 3 is written in each of the fields. Moreover, if the determination result is NO, the tone interval data indicating 3 is written in registers INT1 and INT2, since the tone range is _C2 to _E4 . After writing such tone interval data, the value in register INT1 is subtracted from the value in register A. This changes the first additional note to the register INT from the lowest UK note.
This is to lower the value by at least an amount corresponding to the value of 1. Next, it is checked whether the content of the A register after the subtraction is negative or 0 to determine whether it is outside the UK key range. As a result of this determination, since additional tones cannot be formed outside the UK key range, no additional tones are generated as described above. Next, the contents of the A register are moved to the Y register.
This Y register is provided within the central processing unit 10. After this, one of the registers LKKD1 to LKKD61 shown in FIG.
Load the LK key data into the A register from the register whose address corresponds to LAD plus the value of the Y register. Next, the least significant bit of the A register is checked to determine whether the note name related flag NF is "1". As a result,
If no, subtract 1 from the value of the Y register and change the address by one key to the bass side. Then, it is checked whether the content of the Y register is negative or 0 to determine whether it is outside the key range, and if no, the process returns to the LK key data import process as described above, and the note name related flag NF = "1".
Repeat the same operation until it is discovered. Incidentally, if YES is determined as Y after subtracting 1 from the value of the Y register as to whether the key is outside the key range, the processing ends as the additional tone cannot be formed, as described above. On the other hand, if the determination as to whether the note name related flag NF is "1" is YES Y, key number data is written from the Y register to the buffer register BF-0. The key number data written to BF-0 at this time becomes the additional note key data for the first note. Next, after moving the contents of the Y register to the A register, the value of register INT2 is subtracted from the value of the A register. This is to make the second additional sound lower than the first additional sound by an amount corresponding to the value of register INT2. Thereafter, it is determined whether the key is outside the key range in the same manner as described above, and if no, the contents of the A register are transferred to the Y register. Then, in the same manner as described above, load the LK key data into the A register, determine whether the note name related flag NF is "1", and if the result is no N, subtract 1 from the value of the Y register, and then input the key data. If it is determined that it is out of range and the result is NO, the process returns to the LK key data import process and the same operation is repeated until NF="1" is found. On the other hand, if the determination as to whether the note name related flag NF is "1" is YES Y, key number data is written from the Y register to the buffer register BF-1. The key number data written to BF-1 at this time becomes the additional sound key data for the second sound. The additional sound key data written to the buffer registers BF-0 and BF-1 as described above is the third
Since the additional sound key data output processing shown in the figure is supplied to the UK sound interface 22, the tone generator 32 outputs the additional sound key data as a UK sound signal in addition to the sound signal corresponding to the UK key press. Generates a corresponding sound signal. According to the embodiment described above, registers INT1 and INT are set depending on which range the UK lowest note belongs to.
Since we changed the note interval to be set to 2, for example
If the UK bass belongs to the bass range from C ₂ to _{E 4} , then UK
A first additional note that is three keys or more lower than the lowest note, and a second additional note that is three keys or more lower than the first additional note are generated. However, in this case, it goes without saying that the additional sound determined to be outside the key range will not be generated. In addition, if the lowest UK note belongs to the midrange range of F ₄ to F ₅ #, the first additional note that is at least 7 keys lower than the UK lowest note, and the 3rd additional note that is lower than the first additional note
A second additional tone that is lower than the key is generated. Furthermore, if the lowest UK note belongs to the treble range of G ₅ to _{G 7} , the first additional note is at least 7 keys lower than the UK lowest note, and the first additional note is at least 7 keys lower than this first additional note. A second additional sound is generated. In the above embodiment, 3 semitones and 7 semitones are used as the tone intervals, but other values such as 5 semitones may also be used. Furthermore, the tone interval may be made different depending on the tone color. Further, the keyboard is not limited to a two-stage keyboard, but may be one in which a single-stage keyboard is divided into a melody key area and an accompaniment key area. As described above, according to the present invention, the sound interval between the melody sound and the additional sound is made different depending on the range to which the melody sound belongs, and the additional sound is added in a slightly open manner in the high range, and a closed sound in the low range. By adding an additional sound to the top, a beautiful harmony can be obtained in the entire range.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the arrangement of registers in the working area, Fig. 3 is a flowchart of the main routine, and Fig. 4 is an additional This is a flowchart of a subroutine for sound formation. 10...Central processing unit, 28...Upper keyboard, 30
...Lower keyboard, 32...Tone generator for upper keyboard, 38...Tone generator for lower keyboard, MS
...Additional sound mode switch, BF-0, BF-1...
…Buffer register for additional sound key data, INT
1, INT2...Sound interval data register.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1 (a) a first key range for melody; (b) a second key range for accompaniment; and (c) a predetermined plurality of keys pressed in the first key range. (d) determination means for determining to which of the tonal ranges the tones belong; A designation means that specifies according to the determination result of the determination means, and the sound interval is:
When the determining means determines that the sound belongs to a high range of the plurality of sound ranges, a relatively large sound interval is designated, and when it is determined that the sound belongs to a low sound range, a relatively small sound interval is designated; (e) The musical tone corresponding to the key pressed in the first key range deviates from the note by an amount corresponding to the note interval specified by the specifying means, and the note corresponds to the key pressed in the second key range. (f) generating a musical tone signal corresponding to a key pressed in the first key range; An electronic musical instrument comprising: musical tone generating means for generating an additional sound signal having a specified pitch; 2. (a) a first key range for melody; (b) a second key range for accompaniment; and (c) to which of a plurality of predetermined ranges does the key pressed in the first key range belong? (d) a musical tone corresponding to a key pressed in the first key range and a first additional tone among first and second additional tones to be generated in addition to the musical tone; and a second sound interval between the first and second additional sounds, the designation means for specifying a first sound interval between the first sound interval and the second sound interval between the first and second additional sounds according to a determination result by the determination means, As the second note interval, when the determining means determines that the note belongs to the high range of the plurality of note ranges, a relatively large note interval is specified, and when it is determined that the note belongs to the low note range, a relatively small note interval is specified. (e) a tone that deviates from the musical tone corresponding to the key pressed in the first key range by an amount equal to or more than the first tone interval specified by the specifying means; (f) first pitch specifying means for specifying the pitch of the first additional note so that it is related to the key pressed in the second key range by pitch name; Specify the pitch of the second additional note so that it deviates by more than a minute corresponding to the second note interval specified by the specifying means and is related by note name to the key pressed in the second key range. (g) generating a musical tone signal corresponding to a key pressed in the first key range, and having a pitch specified by the first and second pitch specifying means, respectively; An electronic musical instrument comprising musical tone generating means for generating first and second additional tone signals.