JPH021000B2 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JPH021000B2 JPH021000B2 JP57182752A JP18275282A JPH021000B2 JP H021000 B2 JPH021000 B2 JP H021000B2 JP 57182752 A JP57182752 A JP 57182752A JP 18275282 A JP18275282 A JP 18275282A JP H021000 B2 JPH021000 B2 JP H021000B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- digestion
- temperature
- calculation means
- heat
- thermometer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔発明の技術分野〕
本発明は工場廃水処理施設や下水処理場で発生
する有機性汚泥を処理する嫌気性消化設備の温度
制御装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a temperature control device for anaerobic digestion equipment for treating organic sludge generated in industrial wastewater treatment facilities and sewage treatment plants.
有機性汚泥を処理する方法として、嫌気性消化
法は古くから行なわれている。近年、エネルギー
情勢の悪化にともない、嫌気性消化法は特に注目
されるようになつてきた。これは、メタンを主成
分とする消化ガスが多量に得られること、および
好気性処理のような多量の曝気が不必要であるこ
と、などの理由によるものと考えられる。
Anaerobic digestion has been used for a long time as a method for treating organic sludge. In recent years, with the deterioration of the energy situation, anaerobic digestion has attracted particular attention. This is thought to be due to the fact that a large amount of digestion gas containing methane as a main component can be obtained and that large amounts of aeration as in aerobic treatment are unnecessary.
嫌気性消化処理は、有機性汚泥中の炭水化物、
脂肪、タンパク質を、主に揮発性有機酸に分解す
る液化段階と、揮発性有機酸を主にメタンと炭酸
ガスに分解するガス化段階との二段階の反応から
構成されている。液化反応を行なわせる細菌を酸
生成菌、ガス化反応を行なわせる細菌をメタン菌
と呼んでいる。 Anaerobic digestion treatment removes carbohydrates from organic sludge,
It consists of a two-stage reaction: a liquefaction stage in which fats and proteins are mainly decomposed into volatile organic acids, and a gasification stage in which volatile organic acids are mainly decomposed into methane and carbon dioxide gas. Bacteria that cause liquefaction reactions are called acid-producing bacteria, and bacteria that cause gasification reactions are called methane bacteria.
上述した二段階の反応のうち、ガス化段階が律
速段階であると考えられている。これは、消化槽
内で揮発性有機酸の蓄積が時折観察されること、
メタン菌の増殖速度は酸生成菌のそれと比較して
約1/10程度であること、等の理由による。 Of the two-stage reaction described above, the gasification stage is considered to be the rate-limiting stage. This is due to the fact that accumulation of volatile organic acids is sometimes observed in the digester;
This is due to the fact that the growth rate of methane bacteria is about 1/10 of that of acid-producing bacteria.
第１図に嫌気性消化プロセスの基本的なフロー
を示す。 Figure 1 shows the basic flow of the anaerobic digestion process.
有機性汚泥は管路１を介して、第一消化槽２に
投入される。ここで有機性汚泥を15〜20日程度滞
留させ、前述した液化、ガス化反応により、最終
的にメタン、炭酸ガス等に分解させる。第一消化
槽２では、細菌の活性を高く維持させるために、
30〜40℃程度に加温している（加温装置は図示省
略）。また投入された有機性汚泥と細菌を均一に
分布させるために、機械撹拌あるいは発生した消
化ガスをフロワーなどによつて吹き込んで撹拌し
ている（撹拌装置の図示は省略）。次に、消化処
理が終了した消化汚泥は移送管３を介して第２消
化槽４へ送られる。第２消化槽は主に消化汚泥を
沈降濃縮する目的を持つている。このため、加温
装置、撹拌装置は通常設置されていない。分離さ
れた上澄液は管路５を介して、河川などに放流さ
れるか、あるいは水処理プロセスへ還流される。
下方に溜つた濃縮された消化汚泥は管路６を介し
て次の汚泥処理工程へ送られる。第１消化槽２、
第２消化槽４から発生した消化ガスは、管路７を
介してガスタンク８に一旦貯留された後、第１消
化槽２の加温用エネルギー等に使われる。 Organic sludge is introduced into a first digestion tank 2 via a pipe 1. The organic sludge is retained here for about 15 to 20 days, and is finally decomposed into methane, carbon dioxide, etc. through the liquefaction and gasification reactions described above. In the first digestion tank 2, in order to maintain high bacterial activity,
It is heated to about 30 to 40°C (heating device not shown). In order to uniformly distribute the introduced organic sludge and bacteria, stirring is performed by mechanical stirring or by blowing generated digestive gas into the tank using a floor or the like (the stirring device is not shown). Next, the digested sludge that has undergone the digestion process is sent to the second digestion tank 4 via the transfer pipe 3. The second digestion tank has the main purpose of settling and concentrating the digested sludge. For this reason, heating devices and stirring devices are usually not installed. The separated supernatant liquid is discharged into a river or the like through a pipe 5, or is returned to a water treatment process.
The concentrated digested sludge accumulated in the lower part is sent to the next sludge treatment process via the pipe line 6. 1st digestion tank 2,
Digestion gas generated from the second digestion tank 4 is temporarily stored in a gas tank 8 via a pipe 7, and then used as energy for heating the first digestion tank 2, etc.
以上述べたように、嫌気性消化処理は細菌の作
用によつて行なわれる生物反応であるが、一般的
な化学反応と同じように、処理効率に影響を及ぼ
す主な要因は温度である。すなわち第１消化槽２
に対する加熱温度が、各処理場で経験的に決めら
れる最適な温度からずれると、消化効率が低下す
る。このため、従来は消化温度を測定し、操作員
が経験的に加温装置燃焼状態をオン、オフさせる
ことによつて、消化温度を目標値に保つように管
理していた。しかし、この従来方法では、消化温
度を精度よく目標値に保つためには、操作員の豊
富な経験を必要とし、必ずしも満足いく管理方法
ではなかつた。また操作員は常に消化温度の測定
値を監視している必要があり、労力のいる作業で
あつた。 As described above, anaerobic digestion treatment is a biological reaction carried out by the action of bacteria, but as with general chemical reactions, the main factor that affects treatment efficiency is temperature. In other words, the first digestion tank 2
If the heating temperature for the waste deviates from the optimum temperature determined empirically at each treatment plant, the digestion efficiency will decrease. For this reason, in the past, the digestion temperature was measured and managed by an operator to keep it at a target value by empirically turning on and off the combustion state of the heating device. However, this conventional method requires extensive experience on the part of the operator in order to accurately maintain the digestion temperature at the target value, and is not necessarily a satisfactory management method. In addition, the operator must constantly monitor the measured value of the digestion temperature, which is a labor-intensive task.
また一部の処理場では、消化槽温度を測定し、
設定温度（目標温度）と差があれば、ボイラの燃
焼をオン、オフさせたり、ボイラへの燃料供給速
度を調節したりするフイードバツク制御を行なつ
ている。しかし、消化槽の容量は一般に大きいた
め、熱の時定数が大きく、設定温度に達するまで
には大きな時間遅れがある。このため、熱的外乱
に対する制御系の追従性はわるく、消化効率の向
上には限界があつた。 In some treatment plants, the temperature of the digester is also measured.
If there is a difference from the set temperature (target temperature), feedback control is performed to turn combustion in the boiler on or off and adjust the fuel supply speed to the boiler. However, since the capacity of the digester is generally large, the heat time constant is large, and there is a large time delay until the set temperature is reached. For this reason, the ability of the control system to follow thermal disturbances was poor, and there was a limit to the improvement of digestion efficiency.
本発明の目的は常に消化温度を設定値に維持で
きる嫌気性消化設備の温度制御装置を提供するこ
とにある。
An object of the present invention is to provide a temperature control device for anaerobic digestion equipment that can always maintain the digestion temperature at a set value.
本発明は消化槽に対するを加温装置を設けた嫌
気性消化設備の温度制御装置であつて、消化槽付
近の気温を測定する温度計と、この温度計からの
出力を受けて消化槽からの放散熱量を演算する第
１演算手段と、消化槽へ投入する有機性汚泥の流
量および温度を測定する流量計および温度計と、
この流量計および温度計からの出力を受けて投入
有機性汚泥を目標とする消化温度まで加温するの
に必要な熱量を演算する第２演算手段と、この第
２演算手段および前記第１演算手段の出力を加算
し消化温度を目標値に維持させるために必要な供
給熱量を演算する第３演算手段と、この第３演算
手段からの出力を受けて消化槽加温装置を制御す
る制御装置とを備えたものである。
The present invention is a temperature control device for anaerobic digestion equipment that is equipped with a heating device for the digestion tank, and includes a thermometer for measuring the air temperature near the digestion tank, and a temperature control device for controlling the temperature from the digestion tank by receiving the output from the thermometer. a first calculating means for calculating the amount of heat dissipated; a flow meter and a thermometer for measuring the flow rate and temperature of the organic sludge to be input into the digestion tank;
a second calculating means for calculating the amount of heat required to heat the input organic sludge to a target digestion temperature in response to outputs from the flowmeter and the thermometer; the second calculating means and the first calculating means; a third calculating means for calculating the amount of heat to be supplied to maintain the digestion temperature at the target value by adding the outputs of the means; and a control device for controlling the digester warming device in response to the output from the third calculating means. It is equipped with the following.
次に、第２図に示す一実施例に基づいて、本発
明をより具体的に説明する。なお図中、第１図と
同一要素については同一番号で示す。
Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail based on an embodiment shown in FIG. In the figure, the same elements as in FIG. 1 are indicated by the same numbers.
９は温度計で、第１消化槽２の近くに設置さ
れ、その周囲の気温を測定する。この温度計９の
測定値は第１演算手段１０に出力される。第１演
算手段１０では次式により第１消化槽２からの放
散熱量q1を演算する。 A thermometer 9 is installed near the first digestion tank 2 and measures the temperature around it. The measured value of this thermometer 9 is output to the first calculation means 10. The first calculation means 10 calculates the amount of heat q 1 radiated from the first digestion tank 2 using the following equation.
q1＝Ｓ×Ｕ×（Ｔ−t1） …(1)
１／Ｕ＝１／α1＋ｘ／λ＋１／α2 …(2)
ここで、
Ｓ；第一消化槽の表面積（予め定められた値）
Ｕ；総括伝熱係数（(2)式で求められる値）
Ｔ；消化温度の目標値（予め設定された値）
t1；気温
α1，α2；液体側および気体側の境膜伝熱係数
（予め求められた値）
ｘ；第一消化槽壁の厚さ（予め求められた値）
λ；消化槽壁の熱伝導度（予め求められた値）
一方、管路１には温度計１２および流量計１３
を設け、これによつて、投入される有機性汚泥の
温度および流量を測定する。これらの測定値は第
２演算手段１４へ出力される。第２演算手段１４
は次式により消化温度の目標値まで投入有機性汚
泥を加温するのに必要な熱量q2を演算する。 q 1 = S × U U: Overall heat transfer coefficient (value determined by equation (2)) T: Target value of digestion temperature (value set in advance) t 1 ; Air temperature α 1 , α 2 : Boundary between liquid side and gas side Membrane heat transfer coefficient (predetermined value) are thermometer 12 and flowmeter 13
is installed to measure the temperature and flow rate of the organic sludge being introduced. These measured values are output to the second calculation means 14. Second calculation means 14
calculates the amount of heat q 2 required to heat the input organic sludge to the target value of the digestion temperature using the following equation.
q2＝Ｑ×Ｃ×（Ｔ−t2）
ここで
Ｑ；投入有機性汚泥の流量
Ｃ；投入有機性汚泥の比熱（予め求められた
値）
t2；投入有機性汚泥の温度
第１演算手段１０および第２演算手段14の出力
は、第３演算手段１１に供給される。第３演算手
段１１では、これらの出力を加算し、消化槽温度
を目標値に維持させるために必要な熱量を演算す
る。第３演算手段の出力は制御装置１５に供給さ
れ、これと等しい熱量を消化槽へ供給すべく、加
熱装置１６への燃料供給速度、蒸気吹き込み量等
を制御する。 q 2 =Q×C×(T-t 2 ) where Q: Flow rate of input organic sludge C: Specific heat of input organic sludge (value determined in advance) t 2 ; Temperature of input organic sludge First calculation The outputs of the means 10 and the second arithmetic means 14 are supplied to the third arithmetic means 11. The third calculation means 11 adds these outputs and calculates the amount of heat required to maintain the digester temperature at the target value. The output of the third calculation means is supplied to the control device 15, which controls the fuel supply rate, steam injection amount, etc. to the heating device 16 in order to supply the same amount of heat to the digestion tank.
以上述べたように本発明によれば、消化槽から
の放散熱量および投入有機性汚泥の加温用熱量を
演算し、これと同量の熱量を自動的に供給するの
で、常に消化槽温度を目標値に維持することがで
きる。従つて、消化効率を向上させることができ
る。また、操作員が消化温度の測定値を常に監視
している必要はなく、省力化が可能となる。
As described above, according to the present invention, the amount of heat dissipated from the digestion tank and the amount of heat for heating the input organic sludge are calculated, and the same amount of heat is automatically supplied, so the temperature of the digestion tank is always maintained. Can be maintained at target value. Therefore, digestion efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, it is not necessary for the operator to constantly monitor the measured value of the digestion temperature, which enables labor savings.
第１図は嫌気性消化処理の一般的なフローを示
す図、第２図は本発明による嫌気性消化設備の温
度制御装置の一実施例を示す構成図である。
２……第１消化槽、４……第２消化槽、８……
ガスタンク、９……温度計、１０……第１演算手
段、１１……第３演算手段、１２……温度計、１
３……流量計、１４……第２演算手段、１５……
制御装置、１６……加温装置。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a general flow of anaerobic digestion processing, and FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a temperature control device for anaerobic digestion equipment according to the present invention. 2...First digestion tank, 4...Second digestion tank, 8...
Gas tank, 9...Thermometer, 10...First calculation means, 11...Third calculation means, 12...Thermometer, 1
3...Flowmeter, 14...Second calculation means, 15...
Control device, 16...warming device.
Claims (1)
設備の温度制御装置において、消化槽付近の気温
を測定する温度計と、この温度計からの出力を受
けて消化槽からの放散熱量を演算する第１演算手
段と、消化槽へ投入する有機性汚泥の流量および
温度を測定する流量計および温度計と、この流量
計および温度計からの出力を受けて投入有機性汚
泥を目標とする消化温度まで加温するのに必要な
熱量を演算する第２演算手段と、この第２演算手
段および前記第１演算手段の出力を加算し消化温
度を目標値に維持させるために必要な供給熱量を
演算する第３演算手段と、この第３演算手段から
の出力を受けて消化槽加温装置を制御する制御装
置とを備えたことを特徴とする嫌気性消化設備の
温度制御装置。1. In a temperature control device for anaerobic digestion equipment equipped with a heating device for the digestion tank, there is a thermometer that measures the air temperature near the digestion tank, and the amount of heat dissipated from the digestion tank is calculated based on the output from this thermometer. a first calculation means; a flow meter and a thermometer for measuring the flow rate and temperature of the organic sludge to be input into the digestion tank; and a target digestion temperature for the input organic sludge based on outputs from the flow meter and thermometer. a second calculation means for calculating the amount of heat required to heat the digestion temperature to a target value; and a second calculation means for calculating the amount of heat to be supplied to maintain the digestion temperature at the target value by adding the outputs of the second calculation means and the first calculation means. 1. A temperature control device for an anaerobic digestion equipment, comprising: a third calculation means for calculating the temperature; and a control device for controlling a digestion tank heating device in response to an output from the third calculation means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57182752A JPS5973099A (en) | 1982-10-20 | 1982-10-20 | Temperature controller in equipment for anaerobic digestion |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57182752A JPS5973099A (en) | 1982-10-20 | 1982-10-20 | Temperature controller in equipment for anaerobic digestion |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5973099A JPS5973099A (en) | 1984-04-25 |
| JPH021000B2 true JPH021000B2 (en) | 1990-01-10 |
Family
ID=16123811
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57182752A Granted JPS5973099A (en) | 1982-10-20 | 1982-10-20 | Temperature controller in equipment for anaerobic digestion |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5973099A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007152361A (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2007-06-21 | Mitsubishi Materials Pmg Corp | Feeder for powder molding and method of feeding raw material powder |
| JP4519149B2 (en) * | 2007-02-21 | 2010-08-04 | 株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション | Operation method of medium temperature methane fermentation treatment apparatus and medium temperature methane fermentation treatment apparatus |
| JP6211356B2 (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2017-10-11 | 水ｉｎｇ株式会社 | Sludge treatment system and sludge treatment method |
| JP2017209680A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2017-11-30 | 水ｉｎｇ株式会社 | Sludge treatment system and sludge treatment method |
-
1982
- 1982-10-20 JP JP57182752A patent/JPS5973099A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5973099A (en) | 1984-04-25 |
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