JPH0210289B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0210289B2 JPH0210289B2 JP57125318A JP12531882A JPH0210289B2 JP H0210289 B2 JPH0210289 B2 JP H0210289B2 JP 57125318 A JP57125318 A JP 57125318A JP 12531882 A JP12531882 A JP 12531882A JP H0210289 B2 JPH0210289 B2 JP H0210289B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- thermal expansion
- steel
- sleeve body
- strength
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D55/00—Endless track vehicles
- B62D55/08—Endless track units; Parts thereof
- B62D55/18—Tracks
- B62D55/20—Tracks of articulated type, e.g. chains
- B62D55/205—Connections between track links
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Description
この発明は、ブルドーザなどの土木建設機械が
備える履帯（キヤタピラ：商標名）の構造部材で
あるスリーブ（ブツシユ）に関するものである。
一般に、例えばブルドーザが、前後部に備える
スプロケツトを回転させ、この回転でスプロケツ
トとかみ合う履帯を駆動させて走行することは良
く知られている。
また、履帯は、スプロケツトとかみ合うスリー
ブ内に回転自在に嵌入されたピンの両端部を、例
えばシユーに取付けられたリンクに固着し、これ
を連続させて無端ベルトを形成することにより組
立てられ、かつ上記スリーブに隣接して覆い用端
面ラバーが設けられていることも知られている。
また、履帯が、その使用環境上苛酷な土砂摩耗
にさらされ、したがつて特に大型機械の場合、履
帯の構造部材であるスリーブのスプロケツトとの
かみ合い面や、端面ラバーと隣接する側面には、
土砂の入り込みによる異常摩耗を起し易いために
耐摩耗性が要求され、かつスリーブ自体には、ス
プロケツトの回転駆動時に高い曲げ荷重がかか
り、疲労破壊が生じ易いために高強度が要求され
ることも知られている。
このため、履帯のスリーブとしては、構造用鋼
または構造用合金鋼の鋼溶解材で構成され、かつ
浸炭焼入れ処理により表面硬化されたスリーブが
広く用いられている。
この従来スリーブは、構造用鋼または構造用合
金鋼の鋼溶解材のもつ高強度によつて、繰返し高
荷重に対してすぐれた耐久性を示すものの、表面
硬さが十分でないために、スプロケツトとのかみ
合い面や、大型機械の場合には端面ラバーとの接
触側面にも異常摩耗を生じ、満足する使用寿命を
示さないのが現状である。
そこで、本発明者等は、上述のような観点か
ら、土砂摩耗に対してすぐれた耐摩耗性を示すと
ともに、スプロケツトとのかみ合い時の繰り返し
曲げ荷重に対しても疲労破壊の発生のない高強度
を有する履帯用スリーブを開発すべく研究を行な
つた結果、履帯用スリーブを、
構造用鋼または構造用合金鋼の鋼溶解材からな
る高強度スリーブ本体における回転駆動するスプ
ロケツトとのかみ合い面および端面ラバーと接触
する側面の少なくとも主要部に、
50％以上がマルテンサイトで構成された素地中
にマイクロビツカース硬さ（MHv）で1000以上
の高硬度を有する硬質粒子が15％以上の面積比で
分散した組織、並びに、
上記高強度スリーブ本体との熱膨張係数の差が
０〜600℃の温度範囲で３×10-6／℃以下である
熱膨張係数、
を有する鉄系合金焼結材からなる硬質表面部材、
を拡散接合や硬ろうなどを用いて接合してなる構
造の複合スリーブとすると、上記高強度スリーブ
本体によつて繰り返しの高荷重に対してすぐれた
耐久性が確保され、かつ上記組織の硬質表面部材
によつて上記の建設機械が遭遇する程度の土砂摩
耗では容易に異常摩耗を生ずることのないすぐれ
た耐摩耗性が確保され、さらに上記高強度スリー
ブ本体と上記硬質表面部材との０〜600℃の温度
範囲における熱膨張係数の差を３×10-6／℃以下
とすることにより、これら両者間にはすぐれた接
合強度が確保されるようになり、すぐれた性能を
著しく長期に亘つて発揮するという研究結果を得
たのである。
この発明は、上記研究結果にもとづいてなされ
たものであつて、さらにこの発明の履帯用複合ス
リーブについて説明する。
(a) スリーブ本体
高強度を確保するためには、上記の通り機械
構造用炭素鋼鋼材などの構造用鋼や、クロムモ
リブデン鋼鋼材などの構造用合金鋼の溶解材で
構造する必要がある。
(b) 硬質表面部材
硬質表面部材としては、すぐれた耐摩耗性を
確保する目的で、MHvで1000以上の高硬度を
有するCr3C2やMo2Cなどの炭化物などの硬質
粒子が、50％以上がマルテンサイトで構成され
た素地中に15％以上の割合で分散した組織を有
する鉄系合金焼結材で構成するものであり、こ
の場合硬質粒子は、その硬さが、MHvで1000
以下では所望のすぐれた耐摩耗性を確保するこ
とができないので、MHvで100以上の高硬度を
もつものでなければならないが、その含有に関
しては、硬質粒子が素地中に析出分散した上記
の各種合金鋼粉末を原料粉末として用いて焼結
材中に分散含有させても、また硬質粒子が形成
される条件で焼結して含有させてもよく、さら
に原料粉末として、MHvで1000以上の高硬度
を有するTiC粉末やNbC粉末などを用い、これ
らを焼結材中に分散含有させるようにしてもよ
く、また、マルテンサイトの素地に占める割合
が50％未満でも、硬質粒子の割合が15％未満で
も所望の高硬度を保持することができず、この
結果実用時にすぐれた耐摩耗性を確保するのが
困難になることから、素地に占めるマルテンサ
イトの割合を50％以上にして、MHvで1000以
上を有する硬質粒子の割合を15％以上にしてす
ぐれた耐摩耗性を確保するようにする。
さらに、一般に、焼結材は、その内部に存在
する空孔が熱膨張を吸収するため、空孔の存在
しない溶解材に比して熱膨張係数は小さいが、
この発明の複合スリーブにおけるように、鉄系
合金焼結材の熱膨張係数をスリーブ本体を構成
する鋼溶解材に近づけて大きくするためには、
成分組成による調整のほかに、これにホツトプ
レスやHIP（熱間静水圧プレス）処理などを施
して空孔をできるだけ少なくし、99％以上の理
論密度比をもつようにするのがよく、これによ
つて実用温度範囲である０〜600℃におけるス
リーブ本体と硬質表面部材の熱膨張係数の差が
３×10-6／℃以下になり、この状態になると、
接合時や、接合後の浸炭焼入れ処理時に剥離が
生じることはなく、強固な接合状態を保持する
ようになるのである。
つぎに、この発明の複合スリーブを実施例によ
り具体的に説明する。
実施例
いずれも通常の溶解鋳造法および熱間圧延法に
より成形した外径：90mm×内径：75mm×長さ：
160mmの寸法をもち、かつＣ：0.45％、Si：0.28
％、Mn：0.76％、Ｐ：0.013％、Ｓ：0.023％の組
成（以上重量％、以下同じ）をもつた構造用鋼の
溶解材（以下S45C溶解材という）、およびＣ：
0.16％、Si：0.21％、Mn：0.67％、Ｓ：0.021％、
Ｐ：0.018％、Cr：1.04％、Mo：0.21％の組成を
もつた構造用合金鋼の溶解材（以下SCM21溶解
材という）からなり、かつ第１表に示される熱膨
張係数および引張強度をもつた２種類のスリーブ
本体を用意し、一方原料粉末として、−100mesh
の粒度有するFe−Cr合金（Cr：63％含有）粉末、
Fe−Mo合金（Mo：61％含有）粉末、Fe−Ｗ合
金（Ｗ：80％含有）粉末、Fe−Ｖ合金（Ｖ：50
％含有）粉末、Fe−Nb合金（Nb：65％含有）
粉末、Fe−Ｐ合金（Ｐ：27％含有）粉末、およ
び炭素粉末を用い、これら原料粉末を硬質表面部
材を形成する目的で、それぞれ第１表に示される
配合組成に配合し、ボールミル中で72時間湿式混
合し、乾燥した後、5ton／cm2の圧力で圧粉体にプ
レス成形し、この圧粉体を真空雰囲気中、1000〜
1050℃の範囲内の所定温度に加熱して、外径：
100mm×内径：90mm×長さ：130mmの寸法をもつた
円筒状仮焼結体と、外径：90mm×穴径：75mm×厚
さ：５mmの穴あき円板状仮焼結体を成形し、つい
で前記円筒状仮焼結体のうちの半数を中心角：
90゜の円弧部分を切除して切欠き仮焼結体とし、
ついでこの結果得られたスリーブ本体と各種の仮
結体をそれぞれ第１図ａ，ｂに斜視図で示される
通りにセツトし、この状態で窒素雰囲気中、温
度：1150℃、圧力：1000気圧の条件でHIP処理を
施して、スリーブ本体１の表面所要個所にい而ず
れも99％以上の理論密度比を有する鉄系合金焼結
材からなる硬質表面部材２が強固に拡散接合した
構造とし、さらに前記スリーブ本体の露出面の硬
さを向上させる目的で、900℃の浸炭雰囲気に５
時間保持後、870℃の温度から油焼入れし、150℃
に２時間持の焼戻し処理を施す浸炭焼入れ処理を
行なうことにより本発明複合スリーブ１〜４をそ
れぞれ製造した。
ついで、この結果の本発明複合スリーブ１〜４
The present invention relates to a sleeve (bush) that is a structural member of a crawler track (Trademark name) provided on a civil engineering construction machine such as a bulldozer. It is generally well known that, for example, a bulldozer rotates sprockets provided at the front and rear, and this rotation drives crawler tracks that mesh with the sprockets. In addition, the crawler belt is assembled by fixing both ends of a pin rotatably fitted into a sleeve that engages with a sprocket to links attached to a shoe, for example, and forming an endless belt by connecting these ends continuously. It is also known to provide a covering end rubber adjacent to the sleeve. In addition, the track is exposed to severe dirt and sand abrasion due to its use environment, and therefore, especially in the case of large machines, the sleeve, which is a structural member of the track, has a surface that engages with the sprocket, and a side surface adjacent to the end rubber.
Wear resistance is required because abnormal wear is likely to occur due to dirt entering the sleeve, and high strength is required because the sleeve itself is subject to a high bending load when the sprocket is rotated, and fatigue fracture is likely to occur. is also known. For this reason, as the sleeve of the crawler track, a sleeve made of melted steel such as structural steel or structural alloy steel and whose surface is hardened by carburizing and quenching is widely used. Although this conventional sleeve shows excellent durability against repeated high loads due to the high strength of the melted steel material of structural steel or structural alloy steel, the sleeve does not have sufficient surface hardness and cannot be used with sprockets. At present, abnormal wear occurs on the engaging surfaces and, in the case of large machines, on the side surfaces that contact the end rubber, resulting in unsatisfactory service life. Therefore, from the above-mentioned viewpoint, the present inventors have developed a high-strength product that exhibits excellent wear resistance against earth and sand abrasion, and that does not cause fatigue failure even under repeated bending loads when engaged with a sprocket. As a result of research to develop a track sleeve with At least on the main part of the side surface that comes into contact with the rubber, there are hard particles with a microvitkers hardness (MHv) of 1000 or more in an area ratio of 15% or more in a matrix composed of 50% or more martensite. Made from a sintered iron-based alloy material having a dispersed structure and a coefficient of thermal expansion in which the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion with the main body of the high-strength sleeve is 3 × 10 -6 / °C or less in the temperature range of 0 to 600 °C. hard surface member,
When a composite sleeve is formed by bonding using diffusion bonding or hard solder, the high-strength sleeve body ensures excellent durability against repeated high loads, and the hard surface of the tissue The members ensure excellent abrasion resistance that does not easily cause abnormal wear under the level of earth and sand abrasion encountered by the above-mentioned construction machinery, and furthermore, the high-strength sleeve body and the hard surface member have excellent wear resistance of 0 to 600. By keeping the difference in thermal expansion coefficients within the temperature range of 3×10 -6 /°C, excellent bonding strength can be ensured between the two, and excellent performance can be maintained over an extremely long period of time. The research results showed that it was effective. This invention has been made based on the above research results, and the composite sleeve for crawler belts of this invention will be further explained. (a) Sleeve body In order to ensure high strength, as mentioned above, it is necessary to construct the sleeve using structural steel such as carbon steel for machine structures, or melted structural alloy steel such as chromium-molybdenum steel. (b) Hard surface member For the purpose of ensuring excellent wear resistance, hard surface members are made of hard particles such as carbides such as Cr 3 C 2 and Mo 2 C, which have a high hardness of 1000 or more in MHv. It is composed of an iron-based alloy sintered material having a structure dispersed at a ratio of 15% or more in a matrix composed of martensite or more, and in this case, the hard particles have a hardness of 1000 MHv.
Since it is not possible to secure the desired excellent wear resistance with the following, the material must have a high hardness of 100 or more on MHv. The alloy steel powder may be used as a raw material powder and dispersed in the sintered material, or it may be sintered and contained under conditions that form hard particles. TiC powder, NbC powder, etc. with hardness may be used and dispersed in the sintered material.Also, even if the proportion of martensite in the matrix is less than 50%, the proportion of hard particles may be 15%. If the martensite content is less than 50%, it will not be possible to maintain the desired high hardness, and as a result, it will be difficult to ensure excellent wear resistance in practical use. The ratio of hard particles having a particle diameter of 1000 or more is set to 15% or more to ensure excellent wear resistance. Furthermore, sintered materials generally have a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion than molten materials without pores because the pores present inside them absorb thermal expansion.
In order to increase the coefficient of thermal expansion of the sintered iron alloy material by bringing it closer to that of the molten steel material constituting the sleeve body, as in the composite sleeve of the present invention,
In addition to adjusting the composition, it is best to perform hot pressing or HIP (hot isostatic pressing) treatment to minimize pores and have a theoretical density ratio of 99% or more. Therefore, in the practical temperature range of 0 to 600°C, the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the sleeve body and the hard surface member is 3 × 10 -6 /°C or less, and in this state,
Peeling does not occur during bonding or during carburizing and quenching after bonding, and a strong bonded state is maintained. Next, the composite sleeve of the present invention will be specifically explained using examples. Examples All molded by normal melting casting method and hot rolling method.Outer diameter: 90mm x inner diameter: 75mm x length:
With dimensions of 160mm, C: 0.45%, Si: 0.28
%, Mn: 0.76%, P: 0.013%, S: 0.023% (hereinafter referred to as S45C melted material) having a composition (the above weight %, the same below), and C:
0.16%, Si: 0.21%, Mn: 0.67%, S: 0.021%,
It consists of a melted material of structural alloy steel (hereinafter referred to as SCM21 melted material) with a composition of P: 0.018%, Cr: 1.04%, Mo: 0.21%, and has a thermal expansion coefficient and tensile strength shown in Table 1. Two types of sleeve bodies were prepared, and one was -100mesh as raw material powder.
Fe-Cr alloy (Cr: 63% content) powder with a particle size of
Fe-Mo alloy (Mo: 61% content) powder, Fe-W alloy (W: 80% content) powder, Fe-V alloy (V: 50%)
% content) powder, Fe-Nb alloy (Nb: 65% content)
Using powder, Fe-P alloy (P: 27% content) powder, and carbon powder, these raw material powders were mixed into the composition shown in Table 1 for the purpose of forming a hard surface member, and then mixed in a ball mill. After wet mixing for 72 hours and drying, it is press-molded into a green compact at a pressure of 5 ton/ cm2 , and this green compact is heated to
Heating to a specified temperature within the range of 1050℃, the outer diameter:
A cylindrical pre-sintered body with dimensions of 100 mm x inner diameter: 90 mm x length: 130 mm and a perforated disc-shaped pre-sintered body with outer diameter: 90 mm x hole diameter: 75 mm x thickness: 5 mm were formed. , then half of the cylindrical pre-sintered body has a central angle:
Cut out the 90° arc part to make a notched temporary sintered body,
Next, the resulting sleeve body and various temporary bodies were set as shown in perspective views in Figures 1a and b, and in this state were heated in a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 1150°C and a pressure of 1000 atm. A hard surface member 2 made of an iron-based alloy sintered material having a theoretical density ratio of 99% or more is firmly diffusion-bonded to the required locations on the surface of the sleeve body 1 by performing HIP treatment under the following conditions, Furthermore, in order to improve the hardness of the exposed surface of the sleeve body,
After holding for a period of time, it is oil quenched from a temperature of 870℃ and then heated to 150℃.
Composite sleeves 1 to 4 of the present invention were manufactured by carburizing and quenching, which includes tempering for 2 hours. Next, the resulting composite sleeves 1 to 4 of the present invention
【表】
について、硬質表面部材における素地のマルテン
サイトおよび硬質粒子の面積割合を金属顕微鏡写
真を用いて測定すると共に、硬質粒子のMHvを
測定し、さらに硬質表面部材の熱膨張係数を測定
し、かつスリーブ本体との接合強度を測定した。
これらの結果を第１表に示した。
また、比較の目的で、上記の２種類のスリーブ
本体に、同じく上記の条件で浸炭焼入れ処理を施
すことにより従来スリーブ１、２をそれぞれ製造
した。
引続いて、これらの各種のスリーブを、実機の
大型ブルドーザに組み込み、１ケ月走行使用後の
各部の最大摩耗深さを測定した。これらの結果も
第１表に示した。
第１表に示される結果から、本発明複合スリー
ブ１〜４は、いずれも65Kg／mm2以上の引張強さを
有するスリーブ本体によつて高強度が確保され、
一方MHvで1600以上の高硬度を有する硬質粒子
が、マルテンサイトの割合が50％以上の素地に15
％以上の割合で分散した組織を有する鉄系合金焼
結材で構成された硬質表面部材によつてすぐれた
耐摩耗性が確保され、さらにスリーブ本体と硬質
表面部材がスリーブ本体の引張強さと同等の高い
接合強度で接合され、かつこれら両者の０〜600
℃の実用温度範囲における熱膨張係数はほぼ同じ
値を示し、その差が３×10-6／℃以下となつてお
り、したがつてこれを実用に供した場合、高い曲
げ荷重が繰り返しかかる苛酷な土砂摩耗環境下
で、スリーブ本体から硬質表面部材が剥離するこ
となく、すぐれた耐摩耗性を示し、従来スリーブ
１、２に比して著しく長い使用寿命を示すことが
明らかである。
上述のように、この発明の複合スリーブは、土
砂摩耗に対してすぐれた耐摩耗性を示すと共に、
繰り返し曲げ荷重に対してもすぐれた疲労強度を
示すので、これらの特性が要求されるブルドーザ
などの履帯の構造部材として用いた場合、すぐれ
た性能を著しく長期に亘つて安定的に発揮するの
である。Regarding [Table], the area ratio of the base martensite and hard particles in the hard surface member was measured using a metallurgical microscope photograph, the MHv of the hard particles was measured, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the hard surface member was measured, In addition, the bonding strength with the sleeve body was measured.
These results are shown in Table 1. Further, for the purpose of comparison, conventional sleeves 1 and 2 were manufactured by subjecting the above two types of sleeve bodies to carburizing and quenching treatment under the same conditions as above. Subsequently, these various sleeves were assembled into an actual large bulldozer, and the maximum wear depth of each part was measured after running for one month. These results are also shown in Table 1. From the results shown in Table 1, the composite sleeves 1 to 4 of the present invention all have high strength due to the sleeve body having a tensile strength of 65 kg/mm 2 or more,
On the other hand, hard particles with a high hardness of 1600 or more in MHv are added to a matrix with a martensite content of 50% or more.
Excellent wear resistance is ensured by the hard surface member made of iron-based alloy sintered material with a dispersed structure of more than bonded with a high bonding strength of 0 to 600
The thermal expansion coefficients in the practical temperature range of °C show almost the same value, and the difference is less than 3 × 10 -6 / °C. It is clear that the hard surface member does not peel off from the sleeve body under a sandy abrasion environment, exhibiting excellent wear resistance, and exhibiting a significantly longer service life than conventional sleeves 1 and 2. As mentioned above, the composite sleeve of the present invention exhibits excellent abrasion resistance against earth and sand abrasion, and
It exhibits excellent fatigue strength even under repeated bending loads, so when used as a structural member for tracks such as bulldozers that require these characteristics, it stably exhibits excellent performance over an extremely long period of time. .
第１図ａおよびｂはこの発明の複合スリーブの
実施態様を示す斜視図である。
１……スリーブ本体、２……硬質表面部材。
Figures 1a and 1b are perspective views showing an embodiment of the composite sleeve of the invention. 1...Sleeve body, 2...Hard surface member.
Claims (1)
なる高強度スリーブ本体における回転駆動するス
プロケツトとのかみ合い面および端面ラバーと接
触する側面の少なくとも主要部に、 50％以上がマルテンサイトで構成された素地中
にマイクロビツカース硬さで1000以上の高硬度を
有する硬質粒子が15％以上の面積比で分散した組
織、並びに、 上記高強度スリーブ本体との熱膨張係数の差が
０〜600℃の温度範囲で３×10-6／℃以下である
熱膨張係数、 を有する鉄系合金焼結材からなる硬質表面部材、
を接合してなる履帯用複合スリーブ。[Scope of Claims] 1. At least 50% of the main part of the side surfaces in contact with the rotationally driven sprocket and the end surface rubber in the high-strength sleeve body made of melted steel material of structural steel or structural alloy steel. has a structure in which hard particles with a microvitkers hardness of 1000 or more are dispersed in an area ratio of 15% or more in a matrix composed of martensite, and a thermal expansion coefficient that is different from that of the high-strength sleeve body. A hard surface member made of a sintered iron-based alloy material having a coefficient of thermal expansion with a difference of 3×10 -6 /℃ or less in a temperature range of 0 to 600℃,
Composite sleeve for crawler tracks made by joining.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12531882A JPS5937327A (en) | 1982-07-19 | 1982-07-19 | Combined sleeve for driving caterpillar |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12531882A JPS5937327A (en) | 1982-07-19 | 1982-07-19 | Combined sleeve for driving caterpillar |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5937327A JPS5937327A (en) | 1984-02-29 |
| JPH0210289B2 true JPH0210289B2 (en) | 1990-03-07 |
Family
ID=14907135
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12531882A Granted JPS5937327A (en) | 1982-07-19 | 1982-07-19 | Combined sleeve for driving caterpillar |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5937327A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0672004B1 (en) * | 1992-12-11 | 1996-06-19 | Intertractor Aktiengesellschaft | Crawler chain for tracked vehicles |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3796111A (en) * | 1971-08-18 | 1974-03-12 | Sundstrand Corp | Hydromechanical multi-range transmission |
| JPS5943676B2 (en) * | 1978-02-13 | 1984-10-23 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Carbide mechanical seal and its manufacturing method |
| ZA803433B (en) * | 1980-06-09 | 1981-05-27 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | A track bushing for track-type vehicles |
-
1982
- 1982-07-19 JP JP12531882A patent/JPS5937327A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5937327A (en) | 1984-02-29 |
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