JPH0210759B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A. Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a novel device and method for generating effective force from a moving fluid. In particular, the present invention relates to active devices placed in a moving fluid (eg air or water) to effectively generate maximum propulsion for the required energy consumption. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention in the field of navigation, the propulsion of the ship is created by the wind, which can serve to conserve energy resources by supplementing or replacing other energy-consuming propulsion devices of the ship. . However, the invention can also be used in other fields and applications, such as land or ice transportation devices, windmills, turbines, water or wind power generators.

B. Conventional technology In conventional well-known sails (passive devices) for propelling ships, the force generated by the wind is proportional to the sail area, so the sail area must be increased in order to be practical. Must be. So Fletstona's 1931
Various efforts have been made to implement active devices such as continuously rotating cylinders that utilize the "Magnus effect" as described in US Patent Reissue No. 18,122.

C. Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in such a device, the energy consumption used for the necessary drive device is large, and furthermore,
In order to generate the required propulsive force, the cylinder must be rotated continuously at several hundred revolutions per minute, which has the disadvantage of complicating the mechanism. Additionally, these devices have operational limitations in that the cylinder must be stopped and reversed when changing direction.

The present invention therefore specifically improves on the "wind motor" described in U.S. Pat. , and can significantly increase energy efficiency with respect to the energy required to produce its effective output.

D. Means for Solving the Problems Generally, the present invention employs a stationary but orientable hollow body in the form of a tubular column or cylinder, preferably with a special cross-sectional shape (i.e., profile). This hollow body has specially designed fluid permeable areas (for example holes) through which fluid can be sucked in by means of a suitable fan or suction device. Adjustable control vanes or flaps add parameters that greatly improve the power to input energy ratio and also provide flexibility in the operation of the device.

For a better understanding of the invention, the basic principles will now be described in conjunction with FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings, which schematically illustrates some of the principles underlying the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a device, such as a sail on a boat or watercraft, being placed at a point M in a fluid (e.g. air) moving with a relative velocity V to it and subjected to a force F. This force F can be divided into a driving force P perpendicular to the fluid velocity vector V and a drag force R in the same direction as the velocity vector V. Here, if the device at point M is moving in the direction A that creates an angle of attack α with the velocity vector V, then the device is moving in the direction A
receives a propulsive force T corresponding to the projection of force F onto. Therefore, the angle of attack α between the wind direction and the boat's path is
If it is smaller than 90°, for a given value of the angle α, the propulsive force T increases proportionally to the driving force P, and the drag force R decreases.

Generally, driving force and drag force are expressed by dimensionless coefficients C _Z and C _X given by the following equations.

C _Z = P/1/2ρV ² S C _X = R/1/2ρV ² S where P is the driving force (equivalent to aerodynamic lift),
R is the drag force, ρ is the density of the fluid, V is the velocity of the fluid, S
is the area of the device projected onto a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement V of the fluid. C _Z and C _X are the well-known lift and drag coefficients of airfoils.

From both of the above equations, it can be seen that the propulsive force T is expressed by the following equation.

T = 1/2ρV ² S (C _Z sinα− _C
It is shown that for a given orientation α of , the larger the product S×C _Z , the larger the propulsive force.

Applying those results to conventional devices that produce driving force without an external energy supply (e.g. aircraft wings, boat sails, windmill blades or sails, etc.), the coefficient C _Z is always substantially 1.7, but on wings with flaps of aircraft
2.2, and maybe 2.7 with the super support device. As is clear from this, in order to create a large propulsive force T, a surface that is too large and difficult to handle is required for practical use.

Very large driving forces P or lift coefficients C _Z using externally supplied active devices
It is known to make That is, as described in the above-mentioned Flettner patent, if a circular cylinder placed in a flowing fluid is rotated around its own axis, the flow of the fluid will be deflected by the so-called Magnus effect, and this will cause , it is possible to apply a large force to the cylinder in a certain direction depending on the speed and direction of rotation of the cylinder. Rotation of the cylinder also delays and reduces flow separation from the cylinder surface and the resulting turbulence.

However, due to the Magnus effect, the coefficient of large value
Even if it were possible to create C _Z , an extremely complex mechanism and large amount of power would be required to obtain the rotational circumferential speed of the cylinder required to make it possible. In order to obtain propulsion power for a relatively small boat (for example, 30m in length), the cylinder dimensions are approximately 3m in diameter and 15m in height.
We should remember what we must do.
Such mechanical complexity is combined with vibrations, gyroscope effects, etc. caused by the rotation of the cylinder, which can reach rotational speeds of up to 400 rpm at high wind speeds. Furthermore, when such an arrangement is used for boat or ship propulsion, the direction of rotation of the cylinder must be reversed when reversing the direction of the propulsion force, but the large inertia makes such a reversal operation time-consuming. Needless to say, it will become something.

In order to improve some of such deficiencies,
In U.S. Pat. No. 2,713,392 to Huon Karman of 1955, a vertical circular cylinder for propulsion mounted on a ship is made permeable to air, and by drawing air into the cylinder, the surface of the cylinder is modified. Try to maintain air flow around it. The separated airflow around the cylinder is made to have different path lengths by short deflectors, thereby creating a lateral force on the cylinder. However, a wind tunnel test conducted in France 20 years ago revealed that this structure was unable to increase the value of the coefficient C _Z above approximately 2.4, making the device impractical. A similar principle was further suggested in theory in British Patent No. 222,845 of NV Institut Buhr Aeroen-Hydrodynamics dated May 7, 1925, but also in practical construction. It cannot be done.

E. Purpose of the Invention The purpose of the present invention is to create a C _Z value of 5 to 8 while minimizing the need for external energy supply;
It is an object of the present invention to provide an active device which generates very high driving forces without the drawbacks of prior art devices such as rotating circular cylinders utilizing the Magnus effect. Of course, this device of the invention may also be used to create propulsion for a moving object, such as a ship, or to produce useful mechanical energy from the movement of a fluid, which can be converted into electrical energy, for example by a generator. It can be used for many purposes. According to the invention, not only wind energy. The energy of any fluid flow can be used, such as river currents, ocean or tidal currents, or fluid flow within a turbine. Although the present invention can be applied to fluids other than air as described above, the following description of the present invention will be made particularly with respect to air flow (wind) in which the driving force is in the form of the lifting force of air oil.

F. Effects of the Invention The present invention uses basic physical principles that correspond to some extent to those involved in the aerodynamics of aircraft airfoils (i.e., airplane wings or helicopter blades); The conditions under which this occurs are quite clearly different from those for air oil. The present invention is particularly useful in fluids with low velocities of 50 knots or less, whereas aircraft airfoils are generally used at much higher speeds. Moreover, with airfoils, the problem is primarily the production of maximum lift, and the issue of energy conservation is essentially ignored. In contrast, in the case of the present invention, the emphasis is on saving energy and generating the maximum possible drive power for the amount of energy consumed. In addition, the design of air oil is deeply related to the drag factor, and the lift coefficient (C _L or C _Z ) is relative to the drag coefficient (C _D or C _X ).
Many efforts are made to optimize the ratio of
In contrast, with the present invention, especially when used for navigation, the drag is not so great, and the resistance to the hull moving on the surface of the water far exceeds the drag of the fluid against the propulsion system.

For airfoil oil, the lift coefficient during normal operation is
It will be in the range of 0.2 to 0.3. This increases from 2.5 to 3.0 when the flaps are extended during landing. The value of the drag coefficient C _X is on the order of 0.01, giving a suitably high ratio of C _Z to C _X.

In contrast, the present invention produces a C _Z value of 5 to 8 as one indication of the resulting drive power. Efficiency is measured by the energy expended in converting fluid flow into a driving force expressed as the energy coefficient (CA). That's not much for aircraft air oil.

In the present invention, the CA for reasonable consumption of energy is 0.2 or less. As explained below, 0.1
In the effective range of CA from 0.2 to 0.2, the invention produces values of C _Z (and thus corresponding drive forces) of 5 to 8, which are much higher than those obtained with aircraft air oils.

The present invention provides a second (driving) fluid disposed in a fluid moving in a first (fluid) direction and transverse to the first direction.
In a device for generating a driving force in a direction, an elongated device having a cross section (i.e. a profile) in the plane of the fluid direction, symmetrical and rounded about an axis forming an angle of attack with the fluid direction. A driving force generating device is provided that includes a hollow body (such as a tube, cylinder, or conical column).
The reason for the symmetrical construction of the profile and all related equipment (such as flaps or holes as described below) is to allow the ship to take advantage of the wind blowing on either side of the ship. The profile is preferably
It has an elongated leading portion whose width increases from the front to the rear, and a trailing portion whose width decreases from the front to the rear. The profile is "thick". That is, the maximum width of the profile is 50 to 100% of the length along the axis of symmetry. This force generating device also works by inhaling fluid through a fluid permeable zone provided on the body surface of the trailing part of the body profile on the side towards which the lateral driving force is directed (i.e. on the leeward side). A device is provided for controlling the fluid boundary layer on the surface of the body by creating a substantially low pressure. Furthermore, an additional device is provided in the trailing part to separate the two flows created on either side of the external surface of the body. This device is placed on the side facing the direction from which the fluid flows, ie on the windward side.

These features of the invention make it possible to create a propulsion device that is easy to manufacture and that can generate a large effective driving force with particularly low energy consumption.

This excellent result is due to the fact that by having a thick symmetrical body profile and the leading part of this profile being elongated, the inspiratory permeation area can be limited to a very small area of the profile, which reduces energy consumption. This can be achieved by significantly reducing the Inhalation becomes necessary when the velocity of the fluid boundary layer on the outer (i.e., downwind) surface of the body is such that it forces the airflow away from that surface, creating turbulence, or a pressure gradient. Only when is positive. An elongated profile (particularly the leading part of the profile) greatly retards such conditions, thus limiting the outer surface area on which the suction is provided to a relatively small area, and also reducing the inhalation flow rate and the body surface. The degree of low pressure can also be reduced.

A particularly advantageous feature of the device of the invention is also obtained by the combination of a thick profile and an inhalation device, which allows for the creation of a large underpressure by drawing fluid into the body from the permeation zone. A further advantage of a thicker profile is that the suction chamber can be made larger, so that the internal pressure can easily be lowered, so that there are less losses in air movement, and therefore the energy consumption of the device is also lower.

Furthermore, the flow on the outer (leeward) surface around the hollow body and the inner (windward ) Separation of the flow on the surface prevents the formation of deleterious vortices or turbulence that would reduce the driving force for a given energy input level.

The various features of the device of the invention thus combine to produce very effective results. To give an example, the projected surface area of the body is 150
m ² , the most favorable case is such that the angle α of the ship's direction of travel with respect to the wind direction is approximately 60°,
At wind speeds of 12 m/s (24 knots), a 90 HP motor generates low suction pressure to provide propulsion at speeds of up to 14 knots. In comparison, if you try to get the same result with a sail, it will take about 1000
A surface area of m ² is required, which makes the overall dimensions of the ship very large, and also requires a large number of personnel and systems for its operation.

Moreover, the energy economy obtained by the device of the present invention shows that in order to obtain the above results by the device of the present invention on a ship equipped with a conventional propulsion device,
A 1200HP engine is required.

Furthermore, because the device of the present invention is substantially immobile relative to the ship, the mechanical problems associated with rotating cylinder devices that utilize the Magnus effect are eliminated.

In one embodiment of the invention, the profile of the elongate body has a semicircular trailing portion and an elongated and rounded leading portion increasing in width rearwardly from the tip. In yet another embodiment, the leading and trailing portions may be semi-elliptical to smoothly join the semicircular arc shape of the trailing portion.

As the actual structure, the elongated leading part is semi-elliptical,
The fairing may have a parabolic or other smooth generally oval cross section. In order to avoid damage when the device is placed in fluids with considerably higher velocities than normal, the device can be made stronger or have at least one retractable part in the elongated leading part of the device. This may allow the total surface area of the body to be reduced.

In the present invention, various structures of the retractable component are possible. That is, if the elongate body is composed of a rigid cylindrical envelope (hereinafter also referred to as an envelope) forming the trailing part, the leading part is a single-walled or double-walled flexible inflatable jacket. envelope,
or a ferrule connected to the cylindrical envelope by a flexible bulkhead and movable radially relative to the cylindrical envelope, or two masts or lines substantially parallel to the axis of the cylindrical envelope and spaced apart from each other. consisting either of a flexible beak-shaped projection provided between such supports, or of a rigid beak-shaped projection that is movable radially relative to the cylindrical envelope; Can be done. Furthermore, the elongated body may be a telescoping assembly, consisting of a plurality of rigid parts, or at least one of which may be flexible, so that its length can be made arbitrarily short.

With such an arrangement, the effective cross-section of the body can be reduced at any time by retracting the elongated leading part, thereby improving the performance of the device in the case of high fluid velocities and unfavorable operating conditions. Can be done.

Preferably, the device for controlling the boundary layer on the leeward surface comprises a device such as a fan for sucking fluid into the body and blowing fluid substantially tangentially to the body in the direction of the outer surface fluid flow. may be constituted by or in combination with a device that

and the device for separating the outer surface fluid flow and the inner surface fluid flow may be a flap or vane projecting outwardly from the body or inclined in the direction of the outer surface fluid flow and disposed in the flow; It can be a device that blows fluid out of the body. The flap may be straight or inwardly curved, and the blowing device may be radial, oblique or tangential to cooperate with the flap to accelerate the outer surface fluid flow in the vicinity of the flap.

In order to be able to reverse the direction of the driving force, two of the various members mentioned above should be installed symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry of the body, and one should be retracted while only the other is used. do it. Alternatively, a single member may be movable to either side of the axis of symmetry of the body.

According to another feature of the invention, end plates or similar structures are provided at both ends of the hollow body in order to reduce undesirable peripheral vortices or turbulence.
To further increase the efficiency of the device, the end plates are provided with circular parts rotating in the direction of the outer surface fluid flow, or with suction or blowing devices tangential, perpendicular, or oblique to the surface of the end plate. be able to.

As a particularly economical combination of these various configurations, a low pressure is created on the surface of the elongated hollow body using an inhalation device installed in the body, and an elongated body with end plates. Separation of the inner and outer surface fluid streams is provided by substantially radial vanes or flaps.
In one embodiment of the invention, the inhalation device may consist of at least one fan having an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body. A fan is provided in the vicinity of both ends of the body so that the fluid is sucked in over the entire length inside the body between both ends, and is blown out from both end disks (hereinafter also referred to as disks) to the outside. . This configuration is particularly suitable if the elongate body is telescoping. However, all other variants of the fairing can be used as well. The blowing is preferably carried out radially relative to the circumferential arc of the end plate on the side of the trailing part. The blowout cross-sectional area is made sufficiently large to reduce pressure drop. Otherwise, energy consumption will increase.

According to a second embodiment of the invention, a partition wall extends longitudinally within the elongated body to form two compartments, which compartments communicate with each other by means of a circular opening. A fan is provided within the openings to draw fluid into one compartment, which serves as the suction area, and to
It blows out into the other compartment, which is the blowout area located in the fluid stream on the side with the flap. Preferably, the fan is installed such that its axis is perpendicular to the axis of profile symmetry on which the bulkhead is placed. In order to be able to reverse the direction of the driving force, two suction zones and two outlet zones are provided symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry of the profile, and a device covers the transmission zone opposite to the direction in which the driving force is to be applied. will be provided. In this case, the permeation zone is provided with a pivot panel formed on the body surface and capable of opening towards the inside of the body, and the blowing device is provided with a pivot panel formed on the body surface and openable towards the inside of the body. A pivot panel could be provided that can be opened towards. In such a configuration, the inlet and outlet panels are alternately opened and closed in response to operation of the fans and in response to the low and high pressures created on each side of the bulkhead by the fans and other mechanical devices.

G. Embodiments Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As already mentioned, the present invention is a device placed in a fluid stream moving with a velocity V, which preferably has a thick, symmetrical cross-section in the direction of the fluid flow with a leading part made elongated. The device is provided with an elongated generally tubular body shaped into a rounded profile. However, in order to simplify the explanation of the principles of the invention, the body 10 shown in FIG. 2a is assumed to have a circular profile. It should be understood, however, that this circular profile is merely for convenience of explanation, and that one actual configuration of the present invention is shaped as shown in FIG. 3 and other figures below. It is.

As shown in FIG. 2a, a fluid flow (eg, wind) with velocity V is oriented along the profile axis X-X'. This axis X-X' is the horizontal axis
profile with YY′ in four quadrants 10a, 10
Divide into b, 10c, and 10d. Here, these quadrants are shown as the first to fourth quadrants, respectively.
Quadrants 10b and 10c form the leading part of the profile that first encounters the fluid flow, and quadrant 10a
and 10d are the trailing portions of the profile. 2nd a
The fluid flow is split into two streams as shown. They are an outer (leeward) flow 11 and an inner (windward) flow 13. Long body part 10
Two main devices are provided to create a pressure differential that applies a lift-type driving force P (FIG. 1) in the lateral direction Y-Y' to .

One of them is a device, indicated schematically at 12, which creates a low pressure in the hollow body 10 on the lee side of the trailing part of the profile of the body 10 (upper side in the drawing) and substantially in the quadrant 10a of the profile. be. The device includes a fluid permeable (e.g. perforated) area 54 in the wall of the body 10 having an angular range β, and an inhalation device such as a fan placed within the body 10 to aspirate fluid, as described below. It is constructed by having the following. The permeation zone 54 is located approximately where the airflow 11 would normally separate from the body surface.
The permeation zone 54 and the suction device serve to maintain the air flow 11 around the outer surface of the profile with as little turbulence as possible. Furthermore, a second stream flows along the other (inner) surface of the profile.

Also provided is a device in the form of a vane or deflector flap 14 for separating the outer fluid stream 11 from the inner fluid stream 13 on the outside of the body 10. This feather 1
4 is also provided in the trailing part of the profile, but inside the trailing part (upwind side) opposite the transmission zone 54, ie in quadrant 10d.

As shown in FIG.
make. If the device M is an airfoil placed in a wind flow V, then the force P is the lift force exerted on the airfoil, and the force R is the drag force. The special configuration of the invention makes it possible to produce lift coefficients C _Z of 5 to 8 with minimal energy consumption. This will be explained in more detail later.

The variant configuration of FIG. 2b differs from the configuration of FIG. 2a in the following respects. That is, the device 14 for separating both the inner and outer fluid streams directs fluid substantially radially into the body 1 in addition to the flap 14a and in the vicinity of the flap 14a on the lee side of the flap 14a where the outer fluid flow occurs.
A device, indicated schematically by arrow 14b, is provided which blows outward from zero.

In another variation, not shown, the flap 14a may be curved inwardly so that the outer fluid flow surface is concave. In this case, the blowing device is the body part 10
acting substantially tangentially to and in the direction of outer surface fluid flow.

In the variant configuration of FIG. 2c, in addition to the elements of the embodiment of FIG. A blowing device, schematically indicated by arrow 12b, is provided which acts substantially tangentially and in the direction of the outer surface fluid flow.

According to another embodiment (not shown), the second b.
It is also possible to combine the configurations of FIG. 2 and FIG. 2c. Furthermore, a plurality of tangential blowing devices, such as device 12b, may be provided between the suction device 12a and the flap 14a.

In yet another alternative configuration (also not shown), the low pressure acting on the fluid flow around the first quadrant 10a is created by a blowing device, such as device 12b of FIG. 2c. Needless to say, this variant also includes a device 1 for separating the outer surface fluid stream and the inner surface fluid stream.
Can be combined with any variation of 4.

FIG. 2d shows yet another variation of the present invention in which the device for separating the inner and outer surface fluid streams does not include flaps, but instead, in the fourth quadrant, the inner surface fluid flow Only a blowing device 14c is used which blows fluid out of the body 10 substantially tangentially to the body 10 in the flow and in the direction of the fluid flow.

Thus, by means of any of those devices shown in FIGS. 2a to 2d, in particular the suction device 12a, a low pressure can be created that forces the external fluid flow to follow the profile.

FIG. 3 shows an arrangement important for providing the advantages of the invention, in which the body 110 has a thick, rounded profile symmetrical about axis XX', which is different from that of FIG. 2a. Be prepared. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the profile of the body portion 110 includes an elongated leading portion 110a that increases in thickness from the front to the rear, and a thinner portion from the front to the rear. and a trailing portion 110b.
In this example the trailing portion is approximately semi-elliptical, but other smooth shapes (eg parabolic or oval) are also possible. In contrast, the trailing part is preferably semicircular.

In one particular embodiment, the trailing portion of the profile is substantially semicircular with a diameter equal to the maximum width of the profile. The leading portion is preferably semi-elliptical, but other smoothly curved shapes can also be used. If the maximum width of the profile is e and its length or chord is l, then the ratio e/l in this example is a little larger than 0.5, but more generally
It can be taken between 0.50 and 1.00.

By providing such a profile, if the axis of symmetry XX' of the profile is tilted in the direction in which the driving force P is desired to be applied by the angle of attack i with respect to the direction of the fluid flow (for example, the apparent wind), the driving force can be obtained. P becomes larger. Additionally, the elongated profile lead retards the separation of fluid flow from the body, thereby reducing the area of the permeation zone 54 and, therefore, the power required for inhalation, resulting in further energy savings. .

The device shown in FIG. 3 includes both a transparent area 54 and a flap 14a as in FIG. 2a. This configuration increases the ratio of driving force P to consumed intake energy. However, it will be appreciated that the inlet structures of the embodiments of FIGS. 2b to 2d are also applicable to the non-circular profile of FIG. 3.

In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the device 14 for separating the two surface fluid streams 11 and 13 consists of a flat rigid flap 14a located substantially radially outside the body portion 110. be done. coefficient
Since C _Z increases with the length of the flap, preferably the length of the flap 14a is at least R/2
(Here, R is the semicircular trailing portion 110 of the body 110.
(radius b) to length R (even if it is made longer than that, the performance does not substantially improve). In other words, flap 14a preferably extends to a point below the lowest point of the profile seen in FIG. This configuration is particularly useful where the external fluid flow separates from the body.
i.e. the trailing portion 11 on the outer surface as seen in FIG.
There is a transparent area 54 near the starting point of 0b.
It will be better if it is provided. Such a point lies between approximately 65° and 150° from the axis OX (where O is the center of the cross-sectional circle of envelope 110 and the angle is measured in time). In practice, the transmission area 54 can be even smaller. That is, the third
As shown in the figure, the angle β can be reduced to about 45° centered at about 110° from OX, so that the transmission zone extends from about 85° to about 130° from OX. Exists. In other words, the transparent area 54 extends between 60% and 90% of the chord, measured from the leading edge.

The fluid flow permeability (ie, porosity) in zone 54 need not always be the same, but may optionally be adjustable as described below. Preferably the rate is selected between 20% and 50%. Additionally, the transmission zone 54 may be provided in two or more separate zones within the angular range. This configuration is particularly advantageous when the suction flow rate is limited. Also, the internal pressure created within body 10 or 110 must be at least less than the external pressure minus pressure drops and other flow losses in permeation zone 54. From the point of view of energy economy, it is clear that the suction power should be limited to the power required to suction the boundary fluid layer.

The flap 14a is also preferably arranged on the opposite side of the transmission zone 54 with respect to the axis XX', ie on the windward side.
It is tilted at an angle with respect to its axis XX'. This angle of inclination is between 35° and 45° if a high coefficient C _Z is desired, and 15° if a high maximum ratio between the lift coefficient C _Z and the drag coefficient C _X is desired. from
It is set at 25°. Use only one flap 14a,
As will be described later, it is preferable to configure it so that it can be moved from one side of the shaft XX' to the other side depending on the required direction of the driving force.

It goes without saying that the various inhalation devices schematically described above are in no way limiting and can be applied to the embodiment of FIG. 3 either alone or in combination. By way of further illustration, Figures 4a to 4d show various embodiments of inhalation devices that can be used with the present invention. Depending on the direction in which the driving force P is to be applied, these inhalation devices are substantially in the first position.
Low pressure is generated in the quadrant 10a or the fourth quadrant 10d. These inhalation devices can prevent the thin outer (leeward) fluid flow or boundary layer from separating from the surface of the trailing portion of the body and limit turbulence.

To do so, the body 10 shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b is provided with a fluid permeable envelope 10.
1 and an impermeable envelope 102, which is provided with a slot 16 on a part of its periphery having a width of the transmissive area angle β (see FIG. 2a). In the embodiment of FIG. 4a, the transparent envelope 101 is replaced by the non-transparent envelope 1.
02, but in Figure 4b it is reversed. Transmissive envelope 101 is made of a porous wall, or a mesh, grid, or slotted structure. The transmission zone β is preferably provided in the first quadrant, but may also extend up to about 25° into the second quadrant. It goes without saying that when reversing the desired direction of the driving force, the above conditions are reversed, ie the transmission area is located in the fourth quadrant and possibly extends into the third quadrant. The fluid-impermeable envelope 102 is then constructed in an orientable configuration to allow the slot 16 to be moved from the first quadrant to the fourth quadrant.

Variant embodiments of Figure 4c are shown in Figures 4a and 4b.
A further improvement over that shown is that the angle β can be adjusted during operation. For this purpose, the fluid-impermeable envelope consists of two envelopes 103 and 104, at least one of which is orientable. So if envelope 104 is the axis
If symmetrical about XX', it would be possible to vary the width of the slot 16 by displacement of the envelope 103, shown schematically at 116, and to move it from the upper part of the body (as seen in the drawing) to the lower part and Both of the opposite displacements can be performed.

In the variant embodiment of FIG. 4d, if it is desired to change the direction of the propulsion force, the active transmission area and the flap can be directed simultaneously in a single operation, as described below. In this embodiment, the hollow body 10 comprises a fixed inner envelope 105 (which is impermeable except for areas 54 and 54') and an outer orientable non-permeable envelope 106 which acts as a cover or shutter. Displacement of envelope 106 can cover either transparent area 54 or 54'.

In a variant not shown, the transparent area is the body 1
It may be in the form of a gate provided in the envelope of 0 and opening to the inside of the body.

It will be appreciated that if the direction of the driving force is to be reversed, such as by changing the direction of the fluid, the quadrant positions of flap 14 and perforated area 54 must be interchanged. Figures 5a and 5b show two variant constructions with multiple flaps. This embodiment can be adapted to that of FIG. 3, and the flap 14 can be interchanged between the first and fourth quadrants. As can be seen in FIG. 5a, the device according to the invention therefore comprises two radially flat flaps 14a disposed symmetrically with respect to the axis XX'.
and 14b. As can be seen in the drawings, the flaps 14a and 14b each have a body part 1.
Each radial slot 18 formed in
a, 18b and can be completely hidden from the body profile. More specifically,
When one flap is extended, the other flap is retracted. This assists in reversing the direction of the driving force P.

FIG. 5b shows yet another variant in which, like the previous embodiment, two flaps 24a and 24b are provided symmetrically with respect to the axis XX'. The flaps are each pivotally mounted along a generatrix 20 of the body 10 and thus can be pivoted against the body. The flaps may be flat or curved inward to fit snugly against the body profile without interfering with fluid flow around the body. Fifth
As in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG.
is applied, the other flap 24a is set to the operative position, and vice versa.

FIG. 5c shows a further variation of the flat radial flap 14a. In this embodiment, a single flap 34a is mounted on the body 10 for movement about its axis. This allows the angular position of the flap to be adjusted and to move the flap between the first and fourth quadrants according to the desired direction of the driving force.

It goes without saying that other flap configurations are also possible. For example, it would be conceivable to provide two inflatable flaps symmetrically with respect to the axis XX' and to inflate them in a staggered manner according to the direction of the drive force required for the device.

Pseudo radial or radial blowing device 14b
(see Figure 2b) acts like a fluid flap between the outer and inner surface fluid streams accelerating the outer surface fluid streams. The quasi-tangential or tangential blowing devices 12b, 14c (FIGS. 2c and 2d) drive a thin fluid stream that loses energy through friction against the walls of the body 10 and its induced effects. thus driving another fluid flow layer.

The variant of FIG. 5c can be combined with that of FIG. 4d to form the configuration shown in FIG. 6. Here, the body 10 has the shape shown in FIG. 3 and preferably includes a semicircular trailing portion 110b. Two transparent zones 54, 54a are provided in the body 10, preferably symmetrically with respect to the axis XX', located and dimensioned as described above. Fourth
A single-piece arcuate outer envelope or shutter 106 as shown in FIG. Alternatively, the angular width of 54a is adjusted and the other transmission area is blocked. The flap 14a is the shutter 106
It is mounted in the center of the arc of the arc and moves together. Thus, the direction of the driving force can be changed by displacing the assembly 106, 14a from the fourth quadrant to the first quadrant and vice versa.

FIG. 7 schematically shows an improved profile 210 used in the configuration. In this embodiment, the leading portion 210a is semi-elliptical and smoothly connects to the semi-circular trailing portion 210b. That is,
The diameter of the semicircle of the trailing part is equal to the minor axis of the ellipse of the leading part. The width to length ratio of the ellipse in this example is approximately 0.5. That is, the minor axis of the ellipse is approximately 0.5 times the major axis. The ratio of the width to the total length of the profile is therefore approximately 0.66.

As in the case of Figure 6, the 2
Two transmission areas 54, 54a are provided. In one embodiment, the areas are approximately 85 degrees from axis XO.
Extends between 130°, and porosity is from 20% to 50%,
Preferably it is about 30% to 40%. flap 14
a is carried by an arcuate shutter 206, which allows the selection of the quadrant of the flap 14a and the setting of its inclination angle, as well as the conversion of the utilized transmission area from 54 to 54a and vice versa. Can be adjusted to close off unused (inactive) areas.

The advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood from a consideration of FIG. 16, which shows C _Z vs. C _A curves for several propulsion generators. All of the results shown in FIG. 16 were obtained in an apparatus in which the body length to chord ratio was approximately 6. As is clear from the figure, the steeper the slope of the curve, the greater the gain of increasing C _Z with respect to a certain increase in power consumption. From a practical point of view, the energy coefficient C _A
was determined not to exceed 0.2. Furthermore, values of C _Z below 5 are hardly practical in terms of costs incurred and profits obtained. Therefore, the effective area of C _A will be between approximately 0.1 and 0.2.

Curve 1 in FIG. 16 shows test results for operation of a Magnus effect rotor arrangement (without end plates).
As can be seen, within the effective area of energy consumption the lift coefficient C _Z of the device amounts to between 4 and about 5.

Curve 2 is _the result for a suction circular cylinder for comparison, in which C _Z
Although the value of C Z is larger than that of the Magnus effect device, it is not as effective within the effective area as the Magnus effect device, and its value of C _Z is limited to between about 2 and 4.
However, the configuration shown in Figure 7 gives the result shown in curve 3, which shows that for the same allowable energy consumption, a larger effective value of C _Z
(a value close to about 4.5 to 6) is produced.

As can be seen by comparing curves 2 and 3, the leading part of the profile is able to consume less energy for the suction needed to generate the driving force than the circular profile. That is, in the case of wind propulsion, the angle of attack i created between the direction of the wind and the axis of symmetry XX' of the profile of the body 10 is
Close to 30° to 35°, the transmission zone 54 of the rigid cylindrical envelope 50 to reach C _Z =5
The energy expenditure required for inhalation can be reduced by about half compared to a body of relatively circular cross section with the same projected surface area.

The various configurations shown in Figures 2 to 5 are
It will be appreciated that it can be used with the profile shapes of FIGS. 3, 6 or 7.

In practice and also in Figures 8a to 8e.
As shown in the figures, the profile of FIG. 3, 6, or 7 includes a rigid cylindrical envelope 50 forming a substantially semicircular trailing portion of the profile of the body 10; It is made up of a body 10 with a fairing 52 forming a leading part. However, when the device of the present invention is installed on a ship for propulsion, when the fluid flow velocity V gradually increases from the normal value, the fairing 5
The presence of 2 may cause damage. That is, if strong winds occur, the effective cross-section and projected area of the body 10 enlarged by the fairing 52 will warp, increasing the risk of damage to the equipment or vessel.

To deal with such exceptional situations, steps may be taken during the design stage of the device, such as fixing the fairing or providing mechanical reinforcement. Alternatively, the fairing may be retractable, as shown in Figures 8a to 8e.

In the variant embodiment shown in FIG. 8a, the air ring 52 forming the leading part of the profile of the body 10 is therefore in the form of a single-walled flexible or semi-rigid envelope 52a made of fabric, for example. , and the envelope 52a can be freely expanded or deflated by injecting a pressurized gas, such as air, into the space between the envelope 52a and the cylindrical envelope 50 using a suitable pumping device. It will be done like this.

The fairing of the variant embodiment of FIG. 8b is constructed in the form of a double-walled flexible envelope 52b. This variation differs from that of FIG. 8a in that the flexible envelope 52b is preformed and a suitable pumping device is used to pump a pressurized gas, such as air, directly between the two walls of the envelope. Expansion is performed by injection.

The variant of FIG. 8c differs from the two embodiments described above in that there is no need for expansion of the structure forming the fairing 52. The ferrule 52 includes a rigid tip member (hereinafter also referred to as ferrule) 52c having an arcuate cross-section with a radius substantially equal to the radius of the cylindrical envelope 50. This ferrule is arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry XX' of the profile of the body 10 and is moved, for example by the action of a jack (not shown), into an operating position away from the cylindrical envelope 50 (indicated by solid lines in FIG. 8c). ) and a retracted position (shown in phantom) adjacent envelope 50 along axis XX'. The remainder of the ferrule 52 consists of two flexible partitions 152c, for example made of cloth, arranged substantially tangentially to the cylindrical envelope 50, which partitions are located at the ends of the arc of the cross-section of the ferrule 52c. and a cylindrical envelope 50.

To increase the aerodynamic efficiency of the embodiment of FIG. 8c, a cylindrical envelope 50, a flexible bulkhead 152
It is desirable to eliminate the angle between the rigid ferrule 52c and the rigid ferrule 52c. To this end, a flexible bulkhead or envelope 152c is provided in FIGS. 8a and 8b.
It is best to inflate it in the same way as in the figure. The lever expansion thus renders the flexible septum 152c single-walled and pumps pressurized gas into the space formed between the septum, the envelope 50, and the ferrule 52c by means of a suitable pumping device. mosquito,
Alternatively, this could be done by making the flexible partition double-walled and injecting pressurized gas between the double-walled walls.

The variant embodiment of FIG. 8d differs from the previous embodiments in that the leading part of the profile of the body 10 is separated from the fixed cylinder 10, and the shape of the fairing changes depending on the desired direction of the driving force. Therefore, the fairing 52 has two supports 152d and 15
2d' is constituted by a beak-shaped protrusion 52d of flexible or semi-rigid fabric stretched between 2d'. The supports may specifically consist of masts, lines, or rollers. Supports 152d and 152d' are either parallel to each other and to the axis of cylindrical envelope 50, or are slightly inclined to that axis.
Therefore, when the device of the invention is used for propulsion of a ship or boat, the supports are substantially vertical. More specifically, the support 152d
is placed on the axis XX' of the profile of the body 10,
The support 152d' is installed on the side in the desired direction in which the driving force is applied (ie, on the leeward side) and at a position displaced from the axis XX'. Furthermore, support 152d' is spaced apart from cylindrical envelope 50, but support 152d'
is placed closer to the envelope 50, thereby creating a gap effect between the envelope 50 and the beak-shaped protrusion.

In order to be able to reverse the direction of the driving force produced by the device of Figure 8d, i.e. if the device is intended for propulsion of a ship, it is possible to tack and steer the ship. In order to achieve this, it is desirable to be able to set the flexible beak-shaped projection also in a symmetrical position with respect to the axis XX', the position indicated by the solid line in FIG. 8d. For this purpose, the support 152d is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis of symmetry XX' and substantially tangentially to the cylindrical envelope 50. Such a configuration, as well as other variant embodiments, changes the orientation of the body 10 to create an opposite but equal angle of attack i and makes the mast 152d' symmetrical about the axis XX'. It is clear that the direction of the driving force is reversed by moving the flexible beak-shaped projection 52d to the dashed line position in FIG. 8d.

Another variant, not shown, is to start with two symmetrical flexible beak-shaped projections, each with one
one mast 152d and two masts symmetrical about axis XX'
It is also possible to connect to one mast 152d'. In this case, the unused protrusion 52d is folded up, and the other protrusion is extended.

In any case, when the speed of the moving fluid becomes too high, the one or two protrusions 52d are either lowered along the mast if this is vertical, for example, or the support roller 152
It is folded by being wrapped around d.
Support 152d, as shown in dashed line in FIG. 8d.
and 152d' have their ends connected to the body 10 as described below.
It will be fixed or supported by a disk 36 provided at the end of the.

The variant embodiment of FIG. 8e is derived from the embodiments of FIGS. 8c and 8d. So the 8th e
The illustrated fairing 52 comprises two rigid beak-shaped projections 52e on either side of the axis XX'. This protrusion 52e has an arcuate cross section and its ends can be moved into a retracted position adjacent to the outer surface of the cylindrical envelope 50 and away from said surface, for example by the action of jacks (not shown). , and the protrusion 52e and the envelope 50 are moved parallel to the axis XX', but over different distances, between the operating position creating the slot effect. In the case of Figure 8d,
The rigid beak-shaped projection 52d on the side of the axis XX' in the desired direction of the driving force is in the normal operating position, and the other projection is in the retracted position. It will be appreciated that when the orientation of the body 10 is changed to reverse the direction of the driving force, the positions of both protrusions 52e are exchanged. Of course, when the velocity V of the moving fluid becomes too high, both of these two projections 52e are brought into the retracted position.

In another variation (not shown), the leading part of the body 10 is a fairing and the trailing part is a semicircular part, which can be shortened in length if the fluid flow rate becomes excessive. Creates a nested structure. In this case, the body 10 is made of a plurality of rigid nested parts or, at least in its middle part, of a flexible envelope whose length can be varied at will. Control of the length change may be performed by any known device, such as a winch.

8a to 8e as well as in the previous figures, it is shown that a low pressure is created by the permeable zone formed on the surface of the body 10 and by the flap 14a which has a flat and other profile shape. This shows that the fluid flow on the outer profile surface and the fluid flow on the inner profile surface are separated.

For structural reasons, the body 10 used in the present invention preferably has a length approximately five to six times the diameter or profile length (ie, chord). Such a length limit is determined by the factor C _Z
, thus has the dual effect of reducing the driving force and creating an additional resistance (induced resistance) directly proportional to the square of its coefficient. According to the present invention, in order to reduce those effects that become disadvantageous rapidly as the coefficient C _Z becomes higher (3 or more), the diameter of the body portion 10 is adjusted as shown in FIGS. 9a to 9e. It is proposed to provide a guard plate or circular disc 36 with a larger diameter at the end of the body. The discs increase the effective length, thus reducing the induced resistance and preventing loss of driving force at the ends of the body 10.

However, the resistance to the disks reduces the efficiency of the disks because the velocity of fluid passing around the outer surface of the body 10 in the vicinity of the disks is reduced. In order to recreate the fluid flow in the end regions of the fluid 10 in the same way as in the central region of the body, various structures are created, as shown in FIGS. 9a to 9e. In those drawings,
Although body 10 is shown as having a circular cross-section for ease of illustration, it should be understood that it could also have an elongated profile.

In FIG. 9a, the disc 36 is driven by known devices (not shown) in the direction of the upper surface fluid flow at a circumferential velocity that is significantly higher than the velocity of the fluid flow outside the body 10. , are integrally attached to the shaft 38 supported by the bearing 40. In this case, the suction fan is in the bottom part of the body.

In the variant embodiment of FIGS. 9b to 9e, a hollow disc 36 is provided integrally with the body 10. 9b, the same effect as in the previous embodiment is obtained by means of a blowing from the disk 36 through the radial slot 42 and tangentially to the disk 10 in the vicinity of the side of the body 10. It will be done. This blowing is carried out in the direction of the fluid flow on the outer surface and into this flow, similar to the tangential blowing of FIG. 2c.

In the variant of FIG. 9c, tangential blowing takes place from a member 44 which is provided radially on the disc 36.

Instead of blowing out tangentially to the disk 36, the blowing is done in the form of a jet perpendicular to the disk 36 in the longitudinal direction of the body 10 from an opening 46 provided in the disk 36, as shown in FIG. 9d. You can also do this. Preferably, this blowout is from flap 1.
4a, and it is particularly effective.

Finally, in FIG. 9e, the hollow disk 36
Fluid flow along the disc 36 is enhanced by drawing fluid flowing around the body 10 through an aperture 48 or other suitable permeation device.

It goes without saying that the configurations shown in FIGS. 9b to 9e can be combined as desired.

Although the body portion 10 is shown to have a circular cross section in FIGS. 9a to 9e, the structure of those drawings is shown in FIGS. 3, 6, and 7, as already mentioned. Of course, it can also be applied to model profiles.

The shape of the end disc 36 will be matched to the shape of the profile in such a way that it projects a certain distance around the entire circumference of the profile. In the case of the rotating disk of FIG. 9a, the disk 36
It should be noted that it can be constructed of two complementary parts 36a and 36b as shown in FIG. Of these parts, only the circular part 36b, which is provided in alignment with the trailing profile part, is rotated.

Advantageously, the inhaler and blower devices described herein in connection with the body 10 and disc 36 are designed so that their inlet and outlet flow rates are equal, so that , a single suction-blowing machine can be utilized for the resulting device. Therefore, although not restrictive, one of the embodiments shown in FIG. 2a using only an inhalation device and one of the variations shown in FIGS. 9b to 9d using a blowing device is shown.
It becomes possible to suitably combine the two.

Relatedly, even when aerodynamic conditions are favorable, the energy consumption in ejecting fluid from the body, which necessarily involves suction of fluid into the body, can make the device less energy efficient. Are known. However, the relatively thick profile body 10 allows a large low-pressure chamber to be formed therein, which results in a lower pressure drop for inhalation and thus lower energy consumption. . Furthermore, the various configurations described herein also
Let's suitably reduce the pressure drop that occurs during blowing.

11 and 12 thus show one embodiment of an inhalation device according to the invention. For ease of explanation, the fairings described in Figures 8a through 8e are not shown in Figures 11 and 12;
It will be readily understood that all of the variations shown in FIGS. 8a to 8e are applicable here.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, body part 1
The hollow cylindrical envelope 50 of 0 is equipped with fans 58 near each end which draw in an external fluid, such as air, through a permeation zone 54 (schematically represented by holes in FIG. 3) and then pass it through the disk. Send it to 36. For this reason, the disk 36 has a double wall structure. As can be seen particularly clearly in Figure 12,
Fluid introduced into each disc 36 by a fan 58 is directed out through an arcuate opening 59 provided at the periphery of the disc, preferably on the trailing side. In one variant embodiment, not shown, the disc is mounted for rotation in order to enable orientation of the blowing area. Needless to say, in order to minimize the pressure drop at the point of fluid injection at the periphery of the disk, the passage cross-section in the disk is made relatively large, and the passage cross-section in the disk is made relatively large, and
A deflector 60 is provided at the connection portion with.

As a variant not shown, the fan may be provided at only one end of the envelope 50. Additionally, groups of fans could be used instead of individual fans.

Taking into account that the magnitude of the suction force acting along the body varies depending on the configuration of the fans 58 provided at both ends of the body 10, the transmittance of the permeable area 54 may be adjusted or the vane device may be adjusted. Or a similar device can be provided on the body. Therefore, the transmittance of the transmission area 54 in the portion far from the fan 58, ie, the central portion of the body portion 10, may be made larger than that in the portion close to the fan, ie, the portion near the end of the body portion.

Although the embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12 can be used with all the types of fairings previously described, it is particularly suitable for variant embodiments in which the body 10 is telescoping (not shown). ) suitable for This is because since the fans are provided at both ends of the body 10, the length of the body can be shortened at the intermediate portion between the fans.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 13 and 14, the interior of the envelope constituting the body 10 is divided into two compartments 63a and 63b by a flat partition 62 provided radially in a plane containing the axis XX'. It is divided longitudinally into . The compartment 62 has a plurality of circular openings 64 along its entire length, with a fan 6 disposed within each opening 64.
6 is stored. The axes of these fans are parallel to each other and the axis of the profile of the body 10
It intersects the axis of the cylindrical part 50 of the body in a direction perpendicular to XX'. This arrangement is particularly clearly shown in FIG. FIG. 14 also shows a fairing 52 that can be constructed according to any of the variations in FIGS. 9a-9e and 10. FIG. The fairing 52 is not shown in FIG. 13 to avoid complicating the drawing.

A compartment 63 formed within the cylindrical envelope 50
a and 63b depending on the rotation direction of the fan 66,
It will be appreciated that there will be alternating intake and outlet compartments. Therefore, in addition to the permeation zone 54, there is also a blowout zone 6.
8 is required, and those two areas 54,
68 must be provided in cylinder 50 on each side of bulkhead 62. As previously mentioned, permeation zone 68 is preferably provided within the profile outer surface fluid flow of flap 14a. Furthermore, in order to reduce the pressure drop in the blow-off zone 68, which would lead to an undesirable increase in energy consumption, the blow-off zone 68 is made to have as large a cross-section as possible, taking into account the required fluid flow characteristics.

In order to be able to reverse the direction of the driving force, the direction of rotation of the fan 66 must be reversed. Furthermore, an inlet area and an outlet area must be provided on each side of the bulkhead 62. lastly,
Apparatus must be provided to alternately cover the inlet and outlet areas on each side of the bulkhead 62. For this purpose, the first
As can be seen in Figure 4, the suction area 54 is provided with a pivot panel that opens inwardly of the fixed cylinder 50;
The blowout area 68 is then provided with a pivot panel that opens to the outside of the cylinder 50. Therefore, depending on the direction of rotation of the fan 66, one compartment 63a or 63b
The low pressure created within causes the pivot panel of the suction section 54 of that compartment to open and the pivot panel of the outlet section 68 to close, and the pivot panel of the other compartment 63b or 63 to close.
The high pressure created in a causes the pivot panel of the inlet section 54 of the other compartment to close and the pivot panel of the outlet section 68 to open. Of course, the opening and closing of the suction and outlet areas may also be effected by other devices, in particular rotating ferrules as described in the embodiments of FIGS. 11 and 12 with reference to FIGS. 5a to 5c. This could be done by

In a variation not shown, the suction and blowout areas provided on each side of the bulkhead 62 may be combined into a single area, and this single area may be used alternately for suction and blowout depending on the direction of rotation of the fan. You can.

As already mentioned, the propulsion or driving force generating device according to the invention is useful for controlling the motion of a moving object, such as a ship, and for driving energy, in particular an alternating current machine, to produce electrical energy or power. It can be used for both purposes. As a specific example, FIG. 15 shows a ship 70 equipped with two propulsion generators 72 constructed in accordance with the present invention. In FIG. 15, the devices 72 consist of vertical cylinders forming a body 10, which cylinders are provided with a disk 36 at each end thereof. According to the invention, each of the cylinders is provided with a fairing in its leading part in order to create the required elongated thick profile. However, to simplify the drawing, the fairing is not shown. Each device 72 is mounted on a platform 74 carrying the system shown in FIGS. 9a-9e provided in the lower end disk 36. Furthermore, the platform 74 is connected to the device 7.
2, advantageously has the potential effect of doubling the effective length of the body 10, giving it the functionality of a longer body, and thus reducing induced drag.

Of course, in this application, as in many other applications, it is advantageous to have a device capable of detecting the direction of wind or other fluids. These detection devices may operate in a known manner a servo control device which automatically orients the axis XX' of the body so as to create an angle of attack i with respect to the direction of the wind.

As a specific example of an application of the propulsion or driving force generating device of the present invention for energy production, some of the force generating devices described herein may be used in locations where there is wind or other moving fluid. are arranged perpendicular or parallel to each other to form a closed circuit, and wind forces move the devices along the circuit around a fixed point, thereby driving a generator to produce electricity. A configuration like this would be possible. The force generating device of the invention could also be used as a blade element in a horizontal axis multi-blade wind generator. The rotation of the blades about the axis by the driving force generated depending on the direction of rotation is then used to directly drive the generator. In this case, the rotation of the force-generating device, which is the vane, occurs automatically by twisting the flap, where air is sucked into the interior by centrifugal force and directed towards the peripheral edge. Due to the high drive power obtained with the force generator of the invention, even wind power generators with a single blade element can
It exhibits performance comparable to conventional multi-blade wind power generators. Finally, the device of the invention can be used to replace conventional blades or vanes in a wide variety of types of rotary or propulsion devices.

It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described here, but includes all variations thereof. For example, the profile of the body 10 may vary from one end of the body to the other end. The location of the various systems that make up the inhalation device, the blowout device, and the flap is also
may be changed or adjusted from one end to the other. For this purpose, the body 10 can be divided into a plurality of sections, which can be oriented independently of each other. The flap may also be made of a flexible material so that it can be repositioned from one end of the body 10 to the other.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows that when the propulsion generating device according to the invention is placed at a point M in a fluid stream or wind with a velocity V and moves in a direction A at an angle α with respect to the wind, it creates a lateral driving force P; A vector diagram illustrating experiencing a drag force R and generating a propulsive force T, Figure 2a; a diagram of fluid flow around a rounded body used to explain the principles of the invention, Figure 2b; Figures 2d through 2d are schematic cross-sectional views of hollow body fragments showing various ways of dividing the outer (leeward) and inner (upwind) fluid streams; Figures 4a to 4d are schematic cross-sectional views of one embodiment of the invention; Figures 5a to 5c are schematic views of variations of an inhalation device that can be used in various embodiments of the invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the invention including a device for reversing the driving force; FIG. Figures 8a to 8e are schematic cross-sectional views of improved profile shapes for use in a fairing used in making the device of Figure 3, including the fluid stream or flow in which the device is placed; Figures 9a to 9e are schematic cross-sectional views of various variant embodiments of fairings, including those that can be retracted when wind speeds become excessive; Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view showing various embodiments of plates provided at the ends of the hollow body (shown as circular for simplicity of the drawing);
0 is a schematic sectional view of a modified plate provided at the end of the body with a leading part of an elongated profile according to the invention, and FIG. 11 shows a propulsive force generating device of the invention, A sectional side elevational view of an embodiment in which fluid suction fans are provided in both ends of the elongate body, FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along the line XII--XII of FIG. 11, and FIG. FIG. 14 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of another embodiment of the invention in which the fans, which are disposed perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the elongated body profile within the body, are provided along the entire length of the body.
FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective view showing an example in which two propulsion generating devices of the present invention are installed on a ship, and FIG. 16 is a sectional view of the body of the device shown in FIG. 2 is a graph of a series of curves illustrating efficiency factors for various profile shapes obtained in experiments. A... Direction of movement of the propulsion generating device, F... Force applied to the device, M... Point where the device is placed, P...
Lateral driving force, R...resistance, T...propulsive force, V...
…Fluid flow velocity, XX′…Device profile symmetry axis,
i, α... angle of attack, 10... body, 10a, 10
b, 10c, 10d...first, second, third, fourth
Quadrant, 11... Outside (downwind side) fluid flow, 12...
Low pressure forming device, 12a... Inhalation device, 12b...
Tangential blowing device, 13...Inner (windward side) fluid flow, 14...Fluid flow separating device, 14a...Flap, 14b...Radial blowing device, 14c...Tangential blowing device, 16...Slot, 24a,2
4b, 34a...flap, 36...end disk, 42...blowout slot, 44...blowout member,
46, 48...Blowout opening, 50...Body envelope, 52...Fair ring, 54...Fluid permeation area, 58...Fan, 62...Partition wall, 63a, 6
3b... Compartment, 66... Juan, 70... Ship, 7
2... Propulsion generator, 74... Platform, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106...
... Envelope, 110, 210 ... Body, 110
a, 210a...preceding part, 110b, 210b
... Trailing part.

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. An apparatus for generating a force in a second direction substantially transverse to the first direction when placed in a fluid moving in a first direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction It has a body that is elongated in a direction perpendicular to the direction,
The body has a rounded profile in cross-section in the first direction that is symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry that together with the first direction creates an angle of attack in the second direction; a rounded and elongated leading part of increasing thickness in the direction of the axis of symmetry;
and a rounded trailing portion that decreases in thickness from front to back, the maximum thickness of the profile being between 50% and 100% of the length along the axis of symmetry,
The force generating device also includes a device for sucking the fluid into the body only from a suction zone provided in at least the trailing portion of the first side of the profile of the body to generate the force, and A force generating device comprising at least one flap provided on the trailing portion of the second side of the profile opposite the first side and projecting from the body. 2. In the force generating device of claim 1, the axis of symmetry of the profile of the body portion is aligned with the first
A force generating device comprising a directing device along a given angle of attack relative to a direction. 3. The force generating device of claim 1, wherein the trailing portion of the profile is semicircular.
Force generator. 4. A force generating device according to claim 1, wherein the body has at least one retractable portion in its elongated leading portion. 5. The force generating device of claim 4, wherein the body comprises at least one rigid cylindrical jacket forming the trailing portion and a retractable air ring forming the leading portion. Force generator. 6. The force generating device of claim 5, wherein the fairing comprises an inflatable jacket provided outside the cylindrical jacket. 7. The force-generating device of claim 6, wherein the jacket is comprised of a single flexible wall, and in the space defined between the jacket and the cylindrical jacket. A force generating device that is equipped with a device for introducing pressure gas into the 8. A force-generating device according to claim 6, in which the jacket is composed of preformed double flexible walls and in which a pressure is generated in the space defined within the double walls. A force-generating device that is equipped with a device for introducing gas. 9. The force generating device of claim 5, wherein the fairing comprises a rigid tip member of arcuate cross-section disposed symmetrically about the axis of symmetry outside the cylindrical envelope; two septums connected to the cylindrical jacket, and a position where the rigid tip member is spaced from the cylindrical jacket;
A force generating device comprising means for displacing the rigid tip member along the direction of the axis of symmetry between a retracted position in which the tip member is adjacent the cylindrical envelope. 10. The force generating device of claim 9, wherein each said partition comprises a single flexible wall, and wherein said cylindrical jacket, said rigid tip member, and said flexible wall have a A force generating device comprising a device for introducing pressurized gas into a space defined by. 11. The force generating device according to claim 9, wherein the partition wall is constituted by a preformed flexible double wall, and the space defined within the double wall is provided with a pressurized gas. A force generating device equipped with a device for introducing 12. The force generating device of claim 5, wherein the fairing includes a first support extending substantially parallel to the axis of the cylindrical envelope and passing through the axis of symmetry; a second support extending substantially parallel to the first support at a given distance from the cover and provided on the first side of the profile of the body; at least one flexible beak-shaped protrusion located on the outside of the cylindrical jacket;
A force generating device whose flexible beak-shaped projection forms the leading edge of the profile of the body and creates a slot effect with the cylindrical jacket. 13. In the force generating device of claim 12, the second support moves symmetrically from one side of the profile to the other side with respect to the axis of symmetry, depending on the side on which the force is to be generated. A force generator that can move to 14. A force generating device according to claim 12, comprising a device for displacing the flexible beak-shaped extrusion relative to at least one of the supports in order to change the surface of the extrusion. . 15. In the force generating device of claim 12, the fairing is arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry between two second supports and one first support which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry. installed 2
A force generating device comprising two flexible beak-shaped protrusions. 16. The force-generating device of claim 14, wherein the fairing comprises two arcuate cross-sections, the outer sides of the rigid cylindrical jacket being arranged on opposite sides of the profile symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry. a rigid beak-shaped projection and in a direction parallel to the axis of symmetry between an operating position in which the projection is spaced apart from the cylindrical jacket and a retracted position in which the projection is adjacent to the cylindrical jacket; A device is provided for mutually displacing each of the projections, the device bringing the rigid beak-shaped projection towards the first side of the profile into the operating position and the other rigid beak-shaped projection towards the first side of the profile. A force generating device that is actuated to bring it into the retracted position. 17. The force generating device of claim 1, wherein the body comprises at least two coaxial jackets, at least one of which is fluid impermeable and directable; A force generating device having at least one slot defining the suction area and the other jacket being permeable to fluid. 18. The force generating device of claim 17, wherein the body comprises two fluid-impermeable jackets, which jackets are independent of each other so as to adjust the width of the slot. A force generating device that can be directed freely. 19. The force generating device of claim 17, wherein the body comprises an impermeable jacket defining two permeable suction zones symmetrical about the axis of the profile; A force generating device comprising an arcuate impermeable jacket that can be directed over the inhalation area. 20. The force generating device of claim 1, wherein the body comprises at least one impermeable jacket having an inwardly opening gate to define an inhalation area. 21. A force-generating device according to claim 1, comprising two rigid flaps movable relative to the body so as to be able to assume a non-acting position that does not change the profile of the body. The flaps are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry of the profile and, depending on the side of the profile on which the force is to be generated, the other flap protrudes from the body when one flap is placed in the inactive position. A force-generating device that is made to perform and vice versa. 22. The force generating device of claim 21, wherein the flaps are substantially flat and radially disposed relative to the body, where they extend parallel into slots provided in the body. A force generating device that can be slid and retracted. 23. A force generating device according to claim 1, comprising two inflatable flaps arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry of the profile, and depending on the side of the profile on which the force is to be generated: A force generating device in which when one flap is retracted, the other flap is expanded and vice versa. 24. The force-generating device of claim 1, comprising a single substantially flat rigid flap radially relative to the body, which flap in the trailing portion of the profile A force generating device which can be moved from one side of the profile to the other side with respect to the axis of symmetry of the profile depending on the side of the profile on which the force is to be generated. 25. The force generating device of claim 21, wherein the flap is pivotable relative to the body to fit the profile of the body. 26. The force generating device of claim 1, wherein a disk is attached to each end of the body. 27. The force generating device of claim 26, wherein each said disk is integral with said body and is provided adjacent to said body in at least the trailing portion of the first side of said profile. A force generating device comprising a device for drawing fluid into the body in an area where the force is generated. 28. The force generating device of claim 24, wherein at least one fan is located near at least one end of the body and has an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body, A force generating device that draws fluid into the body from a region and blows the fluid outward through at least one of the end discs. 29. The force generating device of claim 28, wherein the fan blows fluid into at least one arcuate opening formed in the circumferential surface of the disc. 30 placed in a fluid moving in a first direction and the first
an apparatus for generating a force in a second direction substantially transverse to a direction, the device comprising: a body elongated in a direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction; has a profile whose cross section in the first direction is symmetrical and rounded with respect to an axis of symmetry that together with the first direction creates an angle of attack in the second direction, the profile increasing in thickness from front to rear. a leading portion which is increasing rounded and elongated in the direction of said axis of symmetry, and a trailing portion which is rounded and which decreases in thickness from front to rear, the maximum thickness of said profile being along said axis of symmetry. 50% to 100% of the longitudinal length of the profile, the elongate body having two permeable suction zones provided symmetrically about the axis of symmetry in at least the trailing portion of the profile; The force generating device further comprises an arc-shaped impermeable jacket that is oriented to cover one of the suction areas on the side opposite to the side on which the force is to be generated; a device for drawing fluid from a region into the body, and a single substantially flat rigid flap projecting radially relative to the body, the flap being in contact with the impermeable jacket. carried on the jacket so as to form two assemblies, the flaps being located on the trailing part of the profile on the side opposite to the side on which the force is to be generated, where the assemblies are the direction of the force can be changed by displacing the profile from one side to the other;
Force generator. 31. In a device placed in a fluid moving in a first (fluid) direction and generating a force in a second (force) direction transverse to the first direction, a non-circular round shape symmetrical about an axis of symmetry a body portion elongated in a direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction and having a cross section with a profile, the profile having a maximum width from the tip of the leading portion along the axis of symmetry; said trailing portion of said profile, said trailing portion having a leading portion increasing in width up to and a trailing portion decreasing in width along said axis of symmetry from said maximum width to a trailing end of said trailing portion; a device disposed symmetrically on either side of the axis of symmetry of the part for controlling a boundary layer of the fluid on the surface of the body so as to cause the fluid to flow smoothly over the surface of the body; a flap extending outwardly from the body and adjustable relative to the rearward portion of the profile to be located on either side of the axis of symmetry; A force generating device comprising a device for disabling on the sides and adjusting to place the flap on one side. 32. The force generating device of claim 31, wherein the profile is elongated in the direction of the axis of symmetry and the leading portion is longer than the trailing portion. 33. The force generating device of claim 32, wherein the maximum width of the profile transverse to the axis of symmetry is between 0.5 and 1.0 times the length of the profile along the axis. 34. The force generating device of claim 32, wherein the section of the trailing portion of the profile is substantially arcuate. 35 In the force generating device of claim 34, the length of the flap is equal to the radius of curvature of the arcuate shape.
Force generator, which is 0.5 to 1.0 times. 36. The force generating device of claim 34, wherein said section constitutes a trailing portion of said profile. 37. The force generating device of claim 36, wherein the remainder of the profile is substantially partially elliptical. 38. The force generating device of claim 34, wherein the trailing portion of the profile is substantially semi-circular. 39. The force generating device of claim 38, wherein the profile leading portion is substantially semi-elliptical. 40. The force generating device of claim 31, wherein the body is hollow, and the boundary layer control device is located at least in a trailing portion of the profile of the body and on either side of the axis of symmetry. A force generating device comprising two symmetrically placed fluid permeable zones. 41. The force generating device of claim 40, wherein the boundary layer control device also includes a device for selectively drawing fluid into the body from one or other of the permeable zones. 42. The force generating device of claim 40, further comprising an arcuate non-permeable jacket adjustable to cover the permeable area on the side of the profile opposite the second direction. Generator. 43. The force generating device of claim 42, wherein the flap is adjusted together with the arcuate jacket. 44 In a device placed in a fluid moving in a first (fluid) direction for generating a force in a second (force) direction transverse to said first direction, the device comprises a rounded profile symmetrical about an axis of symmetry; a body elongated in a direction perpendicular to the first and second directions and having a cross section, the profile having a width from the tip of the leading portion to a maximum width along the axis of symmetry; an increasing leading part;
a trailing portion decreasing in width along the axis of symmetry from the maximum width to a trailing end of the trailing portion, the leading portion being elongated in the direction of the axis of symmetry, and the trailing portion decreasing in width along the axis of symmetry; a flap extending outwardly from the body along the trailing portion on one side of the axis of symmetry. 45. The force generating device of claim 44, wherein the trailing portion has a shape that substantially includes an arc. 46. The force generating device of claim 44, wherein the maximum width of the profile transverse to the axis of symmetry is between 0.5 and 1.0 times the length of the profile along the axis. 47. The force generating device of claim 44, further comprising means for selectively locating the flap on either side of the axis of symmetry. 48 In the force generating device of claim 45, the length of the flap is equal to the radius of curvature of the arc.
Force generator that is 0.5 to 1.0 times. 49. The force generating device of claim 45, wherein the shape of the profile is substantially formed by a semicircular arc and a semiellipse smoothly joining the semicircular arc. 50. The force generating device of claim 45, wherein the shape of the profile is substantially formed by a circular arc and a partial ellipse smoothly joining the circular arc. 51 A device placed in a fluid moving in a first direction and generating a force in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, the device being perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction. a body elongated in a direction, the cross section of the body having a rounded profile symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry, the profile having a leading portion and a trailing portion; As it progresses backwards from the tip along the axis of symmetry, its width increases and reaches its maximum width, and in the trailing part, the width decreases along the axis of symmetry, and from the maximum width to the rear end of the trailing part. , the leading portion has an elongated shape in the direction of the axis of symmetry and is longer than the trailing portion, and further extends outwardly from the trailing portion on one side of the axis of symmetry. In a method of operating a device comprising a flap projecting into the
The angle of attack between the axis of symmetry and the direction of fluid flow is
A method comprising positioning the device at an angle of 30 degrees or more. 52. The method of claim 51, including positioning the angle of attack to be between 30 degrees and 35 degrees. 53. The method of claim 51, including positioning the flap at less than 45 degrees to the axis of symmetry. 54. The method of claim 53, including positioning the flap at an angle of 35 degrees to 45 degrees with respect to the axis of symmetry. 55 A device placed in a fluid moving in a first direction and generating a force in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, the device being perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction. a body elongated in a direction, the cross section of the body having a rounded profile symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry, the profile having a leading portion and a trailing portion; As it progresses backwards from the tip along the axis of symmetry, its width increases and reaches its maximum width, and in the trailing part, the width decreases along the axis of symmetry, and from the maximum width to the rear end of the trailing part. and a boundary layer control device symmetrically arranged on both trailing portions of the axis of symmetry of the profile to smooth the flow of fluid along the surface of the body; a flap projecting outwardly and movable to either side of the axis of symmetry in said trailing portion, and disabling said boundary layer control device on one side of the axis of symmetry and moving the flap to a point on said side; A method of operating a device comprising: drawing fluid through the fluid permeable zone such that the energy consumption coefficient C is between 0.1 and 0.2. 56 A device placed in a fluid moving in a first direction to generate a force in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, the device being perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction. a body elongated in a direction, the cross section of the body having a rounded profile symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry, the profile having a leading portion and a trailing portion; As it progresses backwards from the tip along the axis of symmetry, its width increases and reaches its maximum width, and in the trailing part, the width decreases along the axis of symmetry, and from the maximum width to the rear end of the trailing part. and a boundary layer control device symmetrically arranged on both trailing portions of the axis of symmetry of the profile to smooth the flow of fluid along the surface of the body; a flap projecting outwardly and movable to either side of the axis of symmetry in said trailing portion, and disabling said boundary layer control device on one side of the axis of symmetry and moving the flap to a point on said side; a method of operating an apparatus comprising: operating the apparatus such that the angle of attack between the axis of symmetry and the direction of fluid flow is 30 degrees or more; the method comprises drawing fluid through the fluid permeable zone such that the energy consumption coefficient C is between 0.1 and 0.2.