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JPH0211555B2 - - Google Patents
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JPH0211555B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0211555B2
JPH0211555B2 JP60111112A JP11111285A JPH0211555B2 JP H0211555 B2 JPH0211555 B2 JP H0211555B2 JP 60111112 A JP60111112 A JP 60111112A JP 11111285 A JP11111285 A JP 11111285A JP H0211555 B2 JPH0211555 B2 JP H0211555B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
silicon nitride
sintered body
volume
nitride sintered
hydrogen gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP60111112A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS61270273A (en
Inventor
Yukito Nakayama
Migiwa Ando
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Niterra Co Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd filed Critical NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Priority to JP60111112A priority Critical patent/JPS61270273A/en
Publication of JPS61270273A publication Critical patent/JPS61270273A/en
Publication of JPH0211555B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0211555B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

[産業上の利用分野] 本発明は、熱交換器、断熱材等に使用される網
目状多孔質窒化硅素焼結体の製造法に関する。 [従来の技術] 従来、酵素、微生物、触媒等の担体、濾材、吸
音材、熱交換器、ガス分離膜、断熱材等として多
孔質のセラミツクスが使用されている。特に、熱
衝撃に対して要求の高い部分には、網目状多孔質
窒化硅素焼結体が使用される。 この網目状多孔質窒化硅素焼結体の製造法とし
ては、 (1) 窒化硅素粉末に有機物等の加熱によつて揮
発、燃焼する物質を混入、成形してから焼結す
る。 (2) 窒化硅素粉末に発泡物質を混入、成形してか
ら焼結する。 (3) 窒化硅素粉末にバインダーを加えてスラリー
状とし、該スラリーに気体を吹込み多孔質体と
して成形、焼結する。 等がある。 又、窒化硅素焼結体の製造法の一つである反応
焼結法(硅素粉末成形体を窒素ガス中で加熱窒化
することにより窒化硅素焼結体を得る方法)によ
つて多孔質窒化硅素焼結体を得ることもできる。 [発明が解決しようとする問題点] しかしながら、前述の製造法のうち、(1)及び(2)
は窒化硅素の焼結が非酸化性雰囲気で行なわれる
ために有機物、発泡物質等が容易に分解しないた
めに窒化硅素焼結体に異物として残留し易く、
又、(3)は気孔の大きさが揃わないといつた欠点が
あつた。 又、反応焼結法による窒化硅素焼結体は多孔質
であり、又、不純物が混入しないという特徴を有
するが、窒化硅素粒子が粒界で結合するような構
造となつており気孔率が小さく前述の担体、濾材
等に使用する多孔質のセラミツクスとしては好ま
しくない。 [問題点を解決するための手段] 本発明は、このような反応焼結法の問題点を解
決するためになされたものであり次の様な技術的
手段を採用した。 本発明の網目状多孔質窒化硅素焼結体の製造法
は、 硅素粉末成形体を 窒素ガス40〜95容量% 水素ガス60〜5容量% の雰囲気中で加熱窒化することを特徴とする。 硅素粉末としては、通常使用される粒度60〜
350メツシユ程度を用いることができる。 硅素粉末の成形法としては、金型によるプレ
ス、ラバープレス、シートプレス等通常の成形法
を用いることができる。 焼結温度(加熱窒化の温度)は、1300〜1500℃
とすればよい。特に1350〜1410℃であると硅素の
溶融の心配がなく、繊維径の良く揃つた均一性の
高い網目組織の形成のために好ましい。 この網目状多孔質窒化硅素焼結体の構造、気孔
率、気孔径等は焼結雰囲気(加熱窒化の雰囲気)
によつて変化し、水素ガスが少なくなると構造が
網目状から粒子凝集状に変化し、気孔率が減少
し、平均気孔径が小さくなる。特に水素ガスが5
容量%より少ないと前述の多孔質セラミツクスと
して使用できない。 逆に、水素ガスが多くなると構造が網目状か
ら、網目が部分によつて切断している網目破壊状
となり、気孔率が増大し、平均気孔径が大きくな
る。特に水素ガスが40容量%より多いと強度が低
くなつてしまい前述の多孔質セラミツクスとして
使用できない。 [作用] 本発明は、窒素ガス中で硅素粉末成形体を加熱
窒化する反応焼結法において、該窒素ガスの5〜
40容量%を水素ガスに置換することによつて硅素
粉末成形体が網目状多孔質窒化硅素焼結体となる
ことを見出だしたものである。 水素ガスを添加することによつて窒化硅素焼結
体が網目状の多孔質となる理由については明らか
ではないが、水素ガスの添加により形成される還
元雰囲気のため硅素が揮発性を増し、該硅素蒸気
と窒素ガスとの反応により生じる窒化硅素が何ら
かの核をもとに繊維状に成長し、3次元の網目構
造が形成されてゆくと思われる。 [発明の効果] 本発明の網目状多孔質窒化硅素焼結体の製造法
は、有機物、発泡物質等を必要としないために得
られた焼結体中に異物が残留することがなく、又
スラリー状にして気体を混入するといつた工程も
必要としない。 さらに、本発明は焼成温度、ガス組成によつて
気孔径、気孔率を選ぶことができ、又その気孔の
大きさは均一性が高い。 従つて本発明によつて得られた網目状多孔質窒
化硅素焼結体は、従来の耐熱衝撃性を利用する分
野のみならず、均一な気孔を必要とする分野例え
ば溶融金属の濾過等にも使用することができる。 [実施例] 本発明の一実施例について説明する。 先ず、硅素粉末(200メツシユパス、試薬1級)
300g、第3ブチルアルコール(試薬1級)300
ml、及びヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(日本曹
達社、商品名HPC−SL)15gを、内容積2の
アルミナ製ボールミルへ直径15mmのアルミナ製球
石1.5Kgとともに入れ72時間混合粉砕しスラリー
とした。 次いで、該スラリーを自然乾燥した後に、32メ
ツシユの篩を通し粒子粉末とした。 さらに、この粒子粉末を12×12×40mmに500
Kg/cm2の圧力でプレス成形した。 この成形体を250℃で脱脂し、焼成温度及びガ
ス組成を第1表の如く変えて焼成し試料とした。 このようにして得られた試料について見掛気孔
率、平均気孔径、組織構造及び生成した結晶につ
いて測定した結果を第1表に示す。 見掛気孔率は、試料の乾燥重量をW1、その試
料の水中での重量をW2、その試料が十分吸水し
た状態の重量をW3とすると、 見掛気孔率(%)=W3−W1/W3−W2×100 として求めた。 平均気孔径は、試料を水銀に浸し、圧力をかけ
ると水銀が次第に細い空孔中に侵入するために、
圧力と侵入した水銀の量の関係から細孔径分布を
測定する、いわゆる水銀圧入法によつて求めた。
この細孔径分布は通常気孔径と気孔容積との累積
分布曲線として得られる。本実施例において平均
気孔径とは、気孔容積の累積が気孔容積全体の50
%となる気孔径である。尚、本実施例の各試料の
気孔容積の累積が気孔容積全体の10%、50%及び
90%の気孔径を第2表に示す。 組織構造は、試料の電子顕微鏡写真により観察
した。(第1図、第2図、第3図) 第1図は、窒素ガス50容量%、水素ガス50容量
%の中で1340℃で焼成した試料の電子顕微鏡写真
であつて、このような組織構造のものを「網目構
造」と第1表中に記した。第2図は窒素ガス25容
量%、水素ガス75容量%のいわゆるアンモニア分
解ガス中で1340℃で焼成した試料の電子顕微鏡写
真であつて、このような組織構造のものを「網目
破壊型」と第1表中に記した。第3図は窒素ガス
100%中で1340℃で焼成した試料の電子顕微鏡写
真であつて、このような組織構造のものを「粒子
凝集型」と第1表に記した。 生成した結晶については試料のX線回析によつ
て求めた。
[Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a mesh-like porous silicon nitride sintered body used for heat exchangers, heat insulating materials, and the like. [Prior Art] Porous ceramics have conventionally been used as carriers for enzymes, microorganisms, catalysts, etc., filter media, sound absorbing materials, heat exchangers, gas separation membranes, heat insulating materials, and the like. In particular, a mesh porous silicon nitride sintered body is used for parts with high demands on thermal shock. The method for manufacturing this mesh-like porous silicon nitride sintered body is as follows: (1) A substance that volatilizes and burns when heated, such as an organic substance, is mixed into silicon nitride powder, and the mixture is shaped and sintered. (2) Mix foaming material into silicon nitride powder, mold it, and then sinter it. (3) A binder is added to silicon nitride powder to form a slurry, and a gas is blown into the slurry to form and sinter it into a porous body. etc. In addition, porous silicon nitride can be produced by a reaction sintering method (a method of obtaining a silicon nitride sintered body by heating and nitriding a silicon powder molded body in nitrogen gas), which is one of the methods for producing a silicon nitride sintered body. A bisque sintered body can also be obtained. [Problems to be solved by the invention] However, among the above manufacturing methods, (1) and (2)
Because silicon nitride is sintered in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, organic substances, foamed substances, etc. are not easily decomposed and therefore tend to remain as foreign substances in the silicon nitride sintered body.
In addition, (3) had the disadvantage that the pore sizes were not uniform. In addition, the silicon nitride sintered body produced by the reaction sintering method is porous and has the characteristic that it does not contain impurities, but it has a structure in which silicon nitride particles are bonded at grain boundaries, so the porosity is small. It is not preferable as a porous ceramic to be used for the carrier, filter medium, etc. mentioned above. [Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the reaction sintering method, and employs the following technical means. The method for producing a reticulated porous silicon nitride sintered body of the present invention is characterized by heating and nitriding a silicon powder compact in an atmosphere of 40 to 95% by volume of nitrogen gas and 60 to 5% by volume of hydrogen gas. As silicon powder, the particle size usually used is 60 ~
Approximately 350 mesh can be used. As a method for molding the silicon powder, normal molding methods such as press using a mold, rubber press, sheet press, etc. can be used. Sintering temperature (thermal nitriding temperature) is 1300 to 1500℃
And it is sufficient. In particular, a temperature of 1,350 to 1,410°C is preferable because there is no fear of silicon melting and a highly uniform network structure with well-aligned fiber diameters is formed. The structure, porosity, pore diameter, etc. of this mesh-like porous silicon nitride sintered body are determined by the sintering atmosphere (heated nitriding atmosphere).
When the amount of hydrogen gas decreases, the structure changes from a network to a particle agglomerate, the porosity decreases, and the average pore diameter becomes smaller. Especially hydrogen gas
If it is less than % by volume, it cannot be used as the above-mentioned porous ceramics. Conversely, when the amount of hydrogen gas increases, the structure changes from a mesh-like structure to a broken network-like structure in which the mesh is cut in sections, increasing the porosity and increasing the average pore diameter. In particular, if the hydrogen gas content is more than 40% by volume, the strength will be low and it cannot be used as the above-mentioned porous ceramics. [Function] The present invention provides a reaction sintering method in which a silicon powder compact is heated and nitrided in nitrogen gas.
It has been discovered that by replacing 40% by volume with hydrogen gas, the silicon powder molded body becomes a mesh-like porous silicon nitride sintered body. It is not clear why the silicon nitride sintered body becomes porous in the form of a network by adding hydrogen gas, but silicon increases in volatility due to the reducing atmosphere formed by the addition of hydrogen gas. It is thought that silicon nitride produced by the reaction between silicon vapor and nitrogen gas grows in the form of fibers based on some kind of nucleus, forming a three-dimensional network structure. [Effects of the Invention] The method for producing a reticulated porous silicon nitride sintered body of the present invention does not require organic substances, foamed substances, etc., and therefore no foreign matter remains in the obtained sintered body. There is no need for the process of making a slurry and mixing gas. Furthermore, in the present invention, the pore diameter and porosity can be selected depending on the firing temperature and gas composition, and the pore size is highly uniform. Therefore, the network porous silicon nitride sintered body obtained by the present invention is useful not only in fields that utilize conventional thermal shock resistance, but also in fields that require uniform pores, such as filtration of molten metal. can be used. [Example] An example of the present invention will be described. First, silicon powder (200 mesh pass, reagent grade 1)
300g, tertiary butyl alcohol (1st grade reagent) 300
ml, and 15 g of hydroxypropyl cellulose (Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., trade name HPC-SL) were placed in an alumina ball mill with an internal volume of 2, together with 1.5 kg of alumina balls having a diameter of 15 mm, and mixed and ground for 72 hours to form a slurry. Next, the slurry was air-dried and passed through a 32-mesh sieve to obtain a powder. Furthermore, this particle powder is 500
Press molding was performed at a pressure of Kg/cm 2 . This molded body was degreased at 250°C, and fired at different firing temperatures and gas compositions as shown in Table 1 to prepare samples. Table 1 shows the results of measuring the apparent porosity, average pore diameter, microstructure, and formed crystals of the sample thus obtained. Apparent porosity is calculated as follows: If the dry weight of the sample is W1, the weight of the sample in water is W2, and the weight of the sample with sufficient water absorption is W3, then apparent porosity (%) = W3 - W1/W3 −W2×100. The average pore diameter is determined by immersing a sample in mercury and applying pressure, which causes the mercury to gradually penetrate into the narrower pores.
The pore size distribution was determined by the so-called mercury intrusion method, which measures the pore size distribution from the relationship between pressure and the amount of mercury that has entered.
This pore size distribution is usually obtained as a cumulative distribution curve of pore size and pore volume. In this example, the average pore diameter means that the cumulative pore volume is 50% of the total pore volume.
% of the pore diameter. Note that the cumulative pore volume of each sample in this example is 10%, 50%, and 50% of the total pore volume.
The 90% pore diameter is shown in Table 2. The tissue structure was observed using electron micrographs of the samples. (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) Fig. 1 is an electron micrograph of a sample calcined at 1340°C in 50% nitrogen gas and 50% hydrogen gas, and shows such a structure. The structure is described in Table 1 as "mesh structure". Figure 2 is an electron micrograph of a sample calcined at 1340°C in a so-called ammonia decomposition gas containing 25% by volume of nitrogen gas and 75% by volume of hydrogen gas. It is listed in Table 1. Figure 3 shows nitrogen gas
This is an electron micrograph of a sample calcined at 1340°C in 100% water, and those with such a structure are described in Table 1 as "particle agglomeration type." The generated crystals were determined by X-ray diffraction of the sample.

【表】 * 他は水素ガスである。
[Table] *Others are hydrogen gas.

【表】【table】

【表】【table】

【表】 ** 気孔容積全体に対する累積%
以上の実験より、硅素粉末焼結体を窒素ガス40
〜95容量%、水素ガス60〜5容量%中で加熱窒化
することが、網目状多孔質窒化硅素焼結体を得る
ために必要であることがわかつた。 又、第2表に示す如く、本実施例により得られ
た試料は、気孔容積全体に対する累積%が10%の
気孔径と、90%における気孔系が近い値を示して
いる。このことから気孔の大きさが均一であると
言える。 又、本実施例により得られた試料について、蛍
光X線分析と化学分析によつて調べたが異物、不
純物等は確認されなかつた。
[Table] ** Cumulative % of total pore volume
From the above experiments, it was found that the silicon powder sintered body was
It has been found that heating nitriding in ~95% by volume and 60-5% by volume of hydrogen gas is necessary to obtain a reticulated porous silicon nitride sintered body. Further, as shown in Table 2, the sample obtained in this example has a pore diameter with a cumulative percentage of 10% and a pore system with a cumulative percentage of 90% of the total pore volume. From this, it can be said that the pores are uniform in size. Further, the sample obtained in this example was examined by fluorescent X-ray analysis and chemical analysis, but no foreign matter or impurities were found.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図、第2図及び第3図は本発明の実施例に
より得られた試料の組織構造を示す電子顕微鏡写
真である。
FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 are electron micrographs showing the structure of a sample obtained in an example of the present invention.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 硅素粉末成形体を 窒素ガス40〜95容量% 水素ガス60〜5容量% の雰囲気中で加熱窒化することを特徴とする網目
状多孔質窒化硅素焼結体の製造法。
[Claims] 1. A method for producing a reticulated porous silicon nitride sintered body, which comprises heating and nitriding a silicon powder compact in an atmosphere of 40 to 95% by volume of nitrogen gas and 60 to 5% by volume of hydrogen gas. .
JP60111112A 1985-05-22 1985-05-22 Manufacture of network-form porous silicon nitride sintered body Granted JPS61270273A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60111112A JPS61270273A (en) 1985-05-22 1985-05-22 Manufacture of network-form porous silicon nitride sintered body

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60111112A JPS61270273A (en) 1985-05-22 1985-05-22 Manufacture of network-form porous silicon nitride sintered body

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS61270273A JPS61270273A (en) 1986-11-29
JPH0211555B2 true JPH0211555B2 (en) 1990-03-14

Family

ID=14552713

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP60111112A Granted JPS61270273A (en) 1985-05-22 1985-05-22 Manufacture of network-form porous silicon nitride sintered body

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS61270273A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2949586B2 (en) * 1988-03-07 1999-09-13 株式会社日立製作所 Conductive material and manufacturing method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS61270273A (en) 1986-11-29

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