JPH021541B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a device for holding parts such as blades and blades on a rotating drum in an apparatus for continuously emulsifying frozen meat such as fish meat and livestock meat.

[Prior Art] and [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The animal proteins consumed by humans are mainly fish and livestock meat, and these fish and livestock meats contain free water and bound water in their components. Free water contains 75 to 85% of the total water content, and contains a large amount of delicious water-soluble protein.

The method of adding salt to prevent this moisture from escaping has been around for a long time.Actomyosin, a super-large molecule, is produced from salt-soluble proteins, which has water-retaining properties.
It improves binding properties and prevents moisture from escaping.

Actomyosin is formed by the action of salt on actin, which is unstable like myosin, which is unstable alone, and myosin in particular is a factor that increases water retention and binding.

The biggest impediment to the formation of actomyosin is thermal denaturation, and suppressing the heat generated during cell crushing that occurs during emulsification of meat such as fish and livestock meat is the most important factor in producing delicious foods.

Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned method of using salt as a technique to prevent moisture from escaping from meat, there is also an emulsification method in which an emulsifier or an emulsifying compatible food is added.
Starch, soybean, milk, gelatin, etc. are used. Incidentally, the egg used in the mayonnaise production method acts as an emulsifier, and is one of the known emulsification techniques.

In addition, water retention is improved by destroying the muscle cells of meat and adding salt, emulsifiers, or foods compatible with emulsification, etc.
Crushing machines designed to improve cohesiveness were also known, but these crushers mechanized the manual process of putting fish meat in a container and crushing it with a grinder, or they were based on the concept of cutting with a knife. Batch processing methods, such as those using silent cutters, do not necessarily have sufficient productivity of mashed products and tend to vary in quality. In order to improve the stability of the product, we have improved the contact of the cutter, used vacuum containers to prevent air from entering, and replaced the delicate technical operations performed by humans with computers. As a result, the machines themselves are becoming larger and more complex, and the initial cost is increasing.

Therefore, the present applicant attempted to overcome the above-mentioned current situation by providing a continuous frozen meat emulsification apparatus such as the embodiment described below.

In order to provide a continuous frozen meat emulsification device, the device for holding parts such as blades and blades on the rotating drum is designed to prevent them from coming off due to centrifugal force and to allow parts such as blades and blades to be replaced without special tools. I needed to.

[Means for solving problems]

In the present invention, parts such as blades and blades are fitted into grooves for fitting parts such as blades and blades formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum, and both ends of the parts such as blades and blades are hung around the rotating drum. pressed ring 10
8, and shallow grooves 109 for preventing positional deviation are bored in the outer circumferential surface of the rotating drum along a line along the outer periphery of the press ring 108. The annular retaining ring 110 is fitted with half of its thickness depressed and one side of the retaining ring 110 is in contact with the side of the press ring 108, and the groove 109 for preventing displacement is fitted.
A deep and wide recess 111 is formed at a predetermined location, and a horizontal locking recess 112 is formed on the side surface of the bottom of this recess 111.
are perforated respectively, and bent portions 113 facing in the centripetal direction are provided at both ends of the retaining ring 110.
A rotary drum in a continuous frozen meat emulsifying apparatus characterized in that horizontally facing locking legs 114 are extended from the tips of the drums, and the locking legs 114 are removably locked in the recesses 112. It is an object of the present invention to provide a holding device for parts such as blades and blades, thereby satisfying the above-mentioned needs.

〔Example〕

In the embodiment shown in the figure, a pair of motors 2 and 3 are mounted on the front side and the rear side of the right end of the upper surface of the frame 1, and a front shaft is connected to the rotating shaft 4 of the front motor 2 via a coupling 5. 6, and the proximal end of the front shaft 6 is connected to a vertical wall 10 projecting from the pedestal 1 through a bushing 7 and bearings 8, 9, etc., and the distal end is connected to a vertical wall 10 through a bushing 11 and bearings 12, etc. They are each rotatably supported by a front support wall 13 protruding from the top surface of the pedestal 1, and balanced mechanical seals 14 and 15 are provided around a portion of the front shaft 6 between the vertical wall 10 and the front support wall 13. A hollow rotary crushing drum 17 having an inner circumferential wall 16 and an outer circumferential wall 16' is fitted thereinto in a removable manner, and splines 18 are provided at corresponding locations on the inner circumferential wall 16 and the front shaft 6. Shaft 6 and coarse crushing rotating drum 17
The outer periphery of the coarse crushing rotating drum 17 is connected to a coarse crushing cylinder 19 whose inner diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the coarse crushing rotating drum 17.
The left and right ends of the coarse crushing cylinder 19 are fixed to the vertical wall 10 and the front support wall 13 in a non-rotatable manner, and the coarse crushing rotating drum 1 is
A large number of coarse crushing blade fitting grooves 20 parallel to the front shaft 6 are bored at equal intervals on the outer circumferential surface of 7, and a coarse crushing blade 21 is fitted into each of these rough crushing blade fitting grooves 20. The rough crushing blades 21 are exchangeably fixed by a blade/blade holding device 26 to be described later, and each rough crushing blade 21 has a trapezoidal crushing surface 22 and a cross-sectional area parallel to the crushing surface 22 facing rearward. Therefore, a large number of blade edges 23 having a gradually decreasing shape are provided at equal intervals, and the positions of the blade edges 23 are alternately staggered.
7 and the coarse crushing cylinder 19 in an eccentric relationship to form a scraping part 24 and a crushed material retention part 25,
In addition, in the rough crushing cylinder 19, the scraping portion 24
Insert slot 2 for frozen meat block in the corresponding place.
7 is opened, and a frozen meat quantitative supply device 28, which will be described later, is connected to the outer surface of this input port 27, and a large number of delivery blade fitting recesses parallel to the front shaft 6 are provided around the right end of the coarse crushing rotary drum 17. Grooves 29 are bored at equal intervals, and each of these delivery blade fitting grooves 29
The delivery vane 30 is fixed by welding within the cylinder 1 with the fins 31 intersecting with each other, and the coarse crushing cylinder 1 is
In step 9, a coarsely crushed meat delivery port 32 is opened at a location corresponding to the rotation space of the delivery blade 30.

Further, a rear shaft 35 is connected to the rotating shaft 33 of the rear motor 3 through a coupling 34, and the base end of the rear shaft 35 is connected to the vertical wall through a bushing 36, a bearing 37, etc. 10, the tip portions are similarly rotatably supported via bushings 38, bearings 39, etc. on rear support walls 40 protruding from the top surface of the pedestal 1, and are connected to the vertical wall 10 of the rear shaft 35 and the rear support walls. A hollow pulverizing rotary drum 42 formed of an inner circumferential wall 41 and an outer circumferential wall 41' is placed around the proximal portion in the area between the wall 40, and an inner circumferential wall 43 is similarly formed around the proximal portion. A hollow stirring rotating drum 44 formed of an outer circumferential wall 43' and an inner circumferential wall 45 and an outer circumferential wall 4 are similarly arranged around the tip end.
A hollow emulsifying rotary drum 46 formed by 5′,
Similarly, there is a rotating drum 4 for taking out around the tip side.
7 are removably inserted into the inner peripheral walls 41, 43, 45 of the rotating drum 42 for pulverization, the rotating drum 44 for stirring, the rotating drum 46 for emulsification, and the inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum 47 for taking out. Splines 48, 4 are provided at mutually corresponding locations on the rear shaft 35.
9, 50, 51 are provided to provide a rotating drum 4 for fine pulverization.
2. Rotating drum for stirring 44, rotating drum for emulsification 4
6. The rotating drum 47 for taking out and the rear shaft 35 are rotated together, and the terminal of the rotating drum 42 for pulverization, the terminal of the rotating drum 44 for stirring,
The ends of the emulsifying rotary drum 46 and the ends of the take-out rotary drum 47 are connected to O-rings 52, 53, 54, 5.
5 and 56, and the rotating drum 4 for pulverization is made by fitting the standard structure parts.
2. Rotating drum for stirring 44, rotating drum for emulsification 4
6 and the rotating drum 47 for extraction, and further,
The outer peripheries of the fine grinding rotary drum 42, stirring rotary drum 44, emulsification rotary drum 46, and take-out rotary drum 47 are
6, 47 with an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the pulverizing cylinder 57, a stirring cylinder 58, an emulsifying cylinder 59, and a take-out cylinder 60. , the terminal of the emulsifying cylinder 59,
Seal the end of the take-out cylinder 60 with an O-ring seal 6.
2, 63, and 64, and by fitting the standard structures, a pulverization cylinder 57, a stirring cylinder 58, and an emulsification cylinder 5 are created.
9 and the take-out cylinder 60, and the right end of the pulverization cylinder 57 and the take-out cylinder 60.
The left end is fixed non-rotatably to the vertical wall 10 and rear support wall 40 using balanced mechanical seals 88 and 89.

Furthermore, the rotating drum for fine grinding 42 and the cylinder for fine grinding 57 have a conical shape that widens toward the tip from the base end point to the intermediate point, and the conical portion 65 of the rotating drum for fine grinding 42 has a conical shape that widens toward the tip. Concave grooves 6 for feeding and mixing blades are arranged at equal intervals in a centrifugal manner around the circumference.
6 is drilled, and each of these grooves 6 for fitting the sending and mixing blades is provided.
A delivery/mixing blade 67 is welded into the fin 6.
8 are fixed in a discrepancy state, and several grooves 69 for fitting the pulverizing blades parallel to the rear shaft 35 are formed on the outer periphery of the portion of the rotary pulverizing drum 42 from the middle to the tip. The pulverizing blades 70 are fitted into the recessed grooves 69 for fitting the pulverizing blades, and the pulverizing blades 70 are exchangeably fixed by a blade/blade holding device 26 to be described later. The crushing blade 70 has a multi-striped cutting edge 7 having a triangular crushing surface 71 and a cross-sectional area parallel to the crushing surface 71 increasing toward the rear.
2 are arranged at equal intervals parallel to each other that are inclined with respect to the direction of rotation, and the direction of the inclination meanders in the direction of rotation, and a rotation prevention plate is provided at a portion of the pulverizing cylinder 57 facing the pulverizing blade 70. Ribs 73 are provided protrudingly, and grooves 75 for fitting rotary stirring blades are bored at equal intervals on the outer periphery of the rotating drum 44 for stirring, and grooves 75 for fitting rotary stirring blades are formed at equal intervals parallel to the rear shaft 35. A rotating blade 7 for stirring is installed in the groove 75.
6 are fitted together, and the stirring rotary blades 76 are fixed in a replaceable manner by a cutter/blade holding device 26 (however, the retaining ring 110 is not used), which will be described later. A large number of fins 77 in the shape of a long flat octagonal prism are protruded at equal intervals, and a large number of grooves 78 for fitting fixed stirring blades are provided on the inner peripheral surface of the stirring cylinder 58 parallel to the rear shaft 35. Stirring fixed blades 79 are welded into the stirring fixed blade fitting grooves 78, which are bored at intervals, and each stirring fixed blade 79 has a large number of fins 80 having a flat octagonal prism shape long in the direction of rotation. The fins 80 of the fixed stirring blades 79 are protruded at equal intervals.
and the fins 77 of the stirring rotary blade 76 are arranged in an inconsistent positional relationship so that they pass through each other during rotation, and a large number of emulsifying strips parallel to the rear shaft 35 are formed on the outer periphery of the emulsifying rotary drum 46. Cutlery fitting recesses 83 are bored at equal intervals, and emulsifying cutlers 84 are fitted into each of these emulsifying cutlers fitting grooves 83 to form the emulsifying cutler 8.
4 is exchangeably fixed by a blade/blade holding device 26 to be described later, and each emulsifying blade 84 has a triangular crushing surface 85 and a shape in which the cross-sectional area parallel to the crushing surface 85 increases toward the rear. A large number of cutting edges 86 are arranged in a manner that they are arranged at equal intervals parallel to each other and inclined with respect to the direction of rotation, and the direction of the inclination meanders in the direction of rotation, and is opposed to the emulsifying cutter 84 in the emulsifying cylinder 59. Anti-rotation ribs 87 are provided protrudingly at the locations.

Furthermore, an inlet port 91 for coarsely crushed meat is provided at a location to the right of the conical portion of the pulverizing cylinder 57, and this inlet port 91 and the above-mentioned outlet port 32 are connected to the conduit 9.
2, a powder or liquid auxiliary raw material inlet 93 is connected in the middle of the pipe line 92, a liquid or powder auxiliary raw material inlet 94 is connected to the right end of the stirring cylinder 58, and the left end of the take-out cylinder 60. A downwardly facing outlet 95 is provided in each.

Next, to explain the frozen meat quantitative supply device 28, a short metal rectangular tube 97 is fixed to the outside of the rim of the above-mentioned input port 27 at a 45 degree inclination, and the outer end of the rectangular tube 97 is fixed. At the same time as attaching the hopper 98, a square tube-shaped rubber diaphragm 99, which is one size smaller than the square tube 97, is inserted into the inner surface of the square tube 97, and the upper and lower edges 100, 1 of this diaphragm 99 are
00' is airtightly fixed to both upper and lower edges of the square tube 97, and air is introduced between the outer surface of the diaphragm 99 and the inner surface of the square tube 97 to apply air pressure to the diaphragm 99. and opened Kakuzutsu 9.
The air motor 102 is installed horizontally on the outer surface of the air motor 102, and the tip of the reciprocating shaft 103 of the air motor 102 protrudes into the rectangular tube 97 through the through hole 104, and a disk-shaped extrusion member 105 is attached to the protruding end. fixed,
This pressing member 105 can freely push the side wall 106 of the diaphragm 99 inward.Next, the blade/blade holding device 26 will be explained. ,
A pressing ring 108 is attached to both ends of the stirring rotary blade 76 and the emulsifying blade 84 around the coarse crushing rotary drum 17, the fine crushing rotary drum 42, the stirring rotary drum 44, and the emulsifying rotary drum 46, respectively. Each rotating drum 17, 42, 4
4, 46, a shallow groove 10 for preventing positional deviation is formed on a line along the outer edge of the press ring 108.
A discontinuous annular retaining ring 110 is inserted into the displacement prevention groove 109 by half of its thickness, and is fitted with one side in contact with the side of the press ring 108. , and a groove 109 for preventing positional deviation.
A deep and wide recess 111 is formed at a predetermined location, and a horizontal locking recess 112 is formed on the side surface of the bottom of this recess 111.
A bent part 113 facing in the centripetal direction is provided at both ends of the retaining ring 110, and a locking leg 114 facing laterally is extended from the tip of the bent part 113. The legs 114 are removably engaged with the recesses 112.

In addition, 116 and 117 in the figure are tightening nuts, 11
8,119 indicates a cushion spring.

That is, in the above embodiment, a frozen meat block is first put into the hopper 98, and the frozen meat block is tightened from around the diaphragm 99, which is swollen with air entering through the air supply/exhaust hole 101, to hold it in the center position, and is used for coarse shredding. While suppressing the gravity of the frozen meat blocker while blocking the inside of the cylinder 19 from outside air as much as possible, the contact position and contact pressure of the frozen meat blocker with respect to the coarse crushing rotary drum 17 is controlled, and the extrusion member is driven by the air motor 102. The frozen meat blocker is laterally reciprocated from the outside of the diaphragm 99 by the reciprocating motion of 105 and the central position holding action of the diaphragm 99, and this lateral reciprocating movement allows the frozen meat blocker to come into even contact with the coarse crushing cutter 21. In this way, the amount of crushed meat is set by controlling the number of horizontal reciprocating movements, and the frozen meat block is crushed to a particle size of about 0.1 to 2 mm by the coarse crushing blade 21, and the coarsely crushed material is crushed by the delivery blade 30. Transferred from the delivery port 32 to the pipe line 92 and put into the pulverization cylinder 57 from the transfer port 91 together with the powder or liquid auxiliary raw material such as a reactant and the coarsely crushed material supplied from the powder or liquid auxiliary raw material inlet 93; These coarsely crushed materials, powders, or liquid auxiliary raw materials are uniformly mixed while being fed by a delivery/mixing blade 67 in a conical portion 65, and this coarsely crushed mixture is guided into a finely crushed cylinder 57 to be finely ground. The crushing blade 70 crushes the muscles and elongated muscle fiber cells of the coarsely crushed meat into micron order, instantaneously performs water retention, binding or emulsification reactions, and sends this finely crushed substance into the stirring cylinder 58. At the same time, the finely pulverized material and the liquid or powder auxiliary raw material supplied from the liquid or powder auxiliary raw material inlet 94 are uniformly mixed by the rotating stirring blade 76 and the fixed stirring blade 79, and this finely pulverized mixture is used for emulsification. The emulsified material is guided to a cylinder 59 and mixed and emulsified by an emulsifying knife 84, and the emulsion is guided to a take-out cylinder 60 and pushed out from a take-out port 95.

The front motor 2 rotates the front shaft 6 to rotate the coarse crushing rotary drum 17 via the splines 18, and the rear motor 3 rotates the rear shaft 35 to rotate the splines 48, 49, 50,
51, a rotating drum 42 for fine pulverization, a rotating drum 44 for stirring, a rotating drum 46 for emulsification, and a rotating drum 47 for taking out are rotated.

The present invention may be carried out by providing a plurality of frozen meat blocks input ports 27 in the coarse crushing cylinder 19 and connecting each of these input ports 27 with a frozen meat quantitative supply device 28.

[Function] and [Effects of the Invention] As described above, the present invention allows parts such as blades and blades to be fitted into grooves for fitting parts such as blades and blades formed on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating drum. Both ends of the parts are held together by a press ring 108 that is hung around the rotating drum, and a shallow recess for preventing displacement is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum along a line along the outer periphery of the press ring 108. A groove 109 is drilled, and a discontinuous annular retaining ring 110 is inserted into the groove 109 to prevent half its thickness, and one side is in contact with the side of the press ring 108. A deep and wide recess 111 is fitted into the predetermined position of the groove 109 for preventing positional deviation.
A horizontal locking recess 112 is bored in the bottom side of the recess 111, and a retaining ring 110 is provided.
A bent part 113 facing in the centripetal direction is provided at both ends of the bending part 113, and a locking leg 114 facing laterally is extended from the tip of the bent part 113, and the locking leg 114 is removably engaged in the recess 112. Since it is characterized by being locked, when replacing parts such as blades and blades, first remove the locking leg 11.
4 from the recess 112, and in this removed state, remove the bent portion 113 from the recess 111 and remove the retaining ring 11.
0 from both ends of the blade, blade, etc., then move the press ring 108 away in the same way to replace the blade, blade, etc. parts, and then return the press ring 108 and retaining ring 110 to lock them. It is only necessary to perform an operation such as re-locking the leg 114 to the recess 112, and in other words, parts such as blades and blades can be replaced without special tools. The retaining leg 114 is horizontally locked in the recess 112, and the retaining ring 110 is attached to the recess 112 for preventing displacement.
09, so press ring 108
The blades, blades, and other parts do not come off due to the centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the rotating drum, and are highly effective in completely achieving the intended purpose.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The figure shows an embodiment of the present invention.
The figure is a front view of the whole, the second figure is a side view, and the third figure is a side view.
Figure 4 is a partially cutaway diagram of the internal structure, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the frozen meat supply device, Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the attachment of the coarse crushing blade, and Figure 7 is the rough crushing blade. FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 7, FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the delivery blade attachment part, FIG.
Figure 1 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in Figure 10, Figure 12 is a sectional view of the delivery/mixing blade attachment part, Figure 13 is a sectional view taken along line C-C in Figure 12, and Figure 14 is a micro-sectional view. 15 is a plan view of the pulverizing blade attachment part, Figure 16 is a sectional view taken along the line D-D in Figure 15, and Figure 17 is the attachment part of the movable/fixed stirring blade. 18 is a plan view of the part where the movable stirring blade is attached, FIG. 19 is a sectional view taken along line E-E in Figure 18, FIG. 20 is a plan view of the part where the fixed stirring blade is attached, and FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along line F-F in Figure 20, Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view of the emulsifying blade attachment part, Figure 23 is a plan view of the emulsifying blade attachment part, and Figure 24 is taken along line G-G in Figure 23. Fig. 25 is a front view of the blade/blade holding device, Fig. 26 is a sectional view of the
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line H-H in FIG. 1... Frame, 2... Front motor, 3... Rear motor, 4... Rotating shaft, 5... Coupling, 6...
...Front shaft, 7...Butching, 8,9...
Bearing, 10... Vertical wall, 11... Bushing, 12... Bearing, 13... Front support wall, 1
4, 15...Mechanical seal, 16...Inner peripheral wall, 1
6'...Outer peripheral wall, 17...Rotating drum for coarse crushing,
18... Spline, 19... Rough crushing cylinder, 20... Rough crushing blade fitting groove, 21... Rough crushing blade, 22... Crushing surface, 23... Cutting edge, 24...
...Scraping part, 25...Retention part, 26...Knife,
Blade holding device, 27... Input port, 28... Frozen meat quantitative supply device, 29... Delivery blade fitting groove, 3
0... Delivery vane, 31... Fin, 32... Delivery port, 33... Rotating shaft, 34... Coupling, 3
5...Rear shaft, 36...Butching, 37
...Bearing, 38...Butsing, 39...
Pairing, 40... Rear support wall, 41... Inner peripheral wall, 41'... Outer peripheral wall, 42... Rotating drum for pulverization, 43... Inner peripheral wall, 43'... Outer peripheral wall, 44
... Rotating drum for stirring, 45 ... Inner peripheral wall, 45'
...Outer peripheral wall, 46...Rotating drum for emulsification, 47...
...Removal rotating drum, 48, 49, 50, 51...
...Spline, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56...
...O-ring seal, 57...Cylinder for fine grinding,
58... Stirring cylinder, 62, 63, 64...
O-ring seal, 65... Cone shaped part, 66...
Delivery/mixing blade fitting groove, 67... Delivery/mixing blade, 68... Fin, 69... Fine grinding blade fitting groove, 70... Fine grinding blade, 71... Crushing surface, 72
...Blade tip, 73... Rotation prevention rib, 75... Concave groove for fitting rotating blade for stirring, 76... Rotating blade for stirring,
77...Fin, 78...Fixed stirring blade fitting groove, 79...Fixed stirring blade, 80...Fin,
83... Emulsifying knife fitting groove, 84... Emulsifying knife,
85...Crushing surface, 86...Blade edge, 87...Rotation prevention rib, 88, 89...Mechanical seal, 91...Inlet port, 92...Pipe line, 93...Powder or liquid auxiliary raw material inlet, 94... …liquid or powder auxiliary material inlet,
95... Outlet port, 97... Square tube, 98... Hopper, 99... Diaphragm, 100, 100'...
... Upper and lower edges, 101 ... Air supply and exhaust hole, 102 ... Air motor, 103 ... Reciprocating shaft, 104 ... Through hole, 105 ... Extrusion member, 106 ... Side wall, 10
8... Pressing ring, 109... Concave groove for preventing displacement, 110... Retaining ring, 111... Recess, 112
... Locking recess, 113 ... Bent part, 114 ...
Locking leg, 116, 117... Tightening nut, 11
8,119...Cushion spring.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. When a part such as a blade or blade is fitted into a groove for fitting a part such as a blade or blade formed on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating drum, both ends of the part such as a blade or blade are hung around the rotating drum. It is supported by the pressing ring 108, and shallow grooves 109 for preventing positional displacement are bored in the outer circumferential surface of the rotating drum along a line along the outer periphery of the pressing ring 108. A discontinuous annular retaining ring 110 is fitted in a state in which half of its thickness is depressed and one side is in contact with a side surface of the press ring 108, and a predetermined position of the groove 109 for preventing displacement is fitted. A deep and wide recess 111 is formed in the bottom of the recess 111, and a horizontal locking recess 112 is formed in the bottom side of the recess 111, and bent portions 113 facing in the centripetal direction are provided at both ends of the retaining ring 110. A continuous frozen meat emulsifying device is characterized in that horizontally facing locking legs 114 are provided at the ends of the bent portions 113, and the locking legs 114 are removably locked in the recesses 112. Holding device for parts such as blades and blades of rotating drum.