JPH021544B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is used for charging liquids, such as fuel injection in internal combustion engines and external combustion engines, medical steam generation devices, oil vapor generation devices, etc. This invention relates to a method for atomizing liquid.

[Prior art] When atomizing and dispersing charged droplets in the form of a spray,
The equipment for this purpose is made as compact as possible,
Moreover, it is desirable to be able to immediately atomize and disperse the liquid injected from the ejection port. For example, when applied to fuel injection for an internal combustion engine, the injection device is required to be assembled into a cylinder, and the fuel injected from the nozzle immediately becomes a fine spray.

However, there is a problem in that conventionally known methods, such as the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-209664, which was previously proposed by the present inventor, cannot necessarily meet such requirements.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The purpose of the present invention is to meet the above-mentioned requirements, that is, to be able to form an apparatus for atomization and dispersion compactly, and to be able to immediately atomize and disperse the injected liquid. The object of the present invention is to provide a method for atomizing particles.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The method of the present invention for achieving the above object includes arranging electrodes to which a high voltage is applied to the ejection port of a nozzle for supplying the liquid to be atomized, and disposing the electrodes facing the ejection port from which the liquid to be atomized is supplied. The method of atomizing the supplied liquid by the polarization effect caused by its charging is characterized in that the liquid is supplied in a pulsed manner from an ejection port of a nozzle into an electric field formed by a high voltage of the electrode.

To explain more specifically, the liquid that can be atomized by the method of the present invention can be selected from a wide range depending on the purpose of use. For example, when performing fuel injection for internal combustion engines, various liquid fuels and Furthermore, medical chemicals are used to obtain medical vapor, and lubricating oil is used for mist lubrication. Water can also be used for various general purposes.

Depending on the specific resistance of these liquids,
As will be explained later, there are some differences in the form of the nozzle used and the method of applying voltage, but they are commonly treated in that the liquid supplied from the nozzle jet port is atomized by the polarization effect caused by the charge. can.

The above-mentioned liquid is atomized by the polarization effect caused by charging by arranging electrodes facing each other to which a high voltage is applied to the ejection port of the nozzle, and ejecting the liquid from the ejection port into an electric field formed by the high voltage. The liquid is pulsed into the electric field through a nozzle, thereby causing it to be atomized and dispersed very rapidly. As a means for supplying pulses, for example, a solenoid valve or the like may be installed in the flow path from the pump to open the flow path intermittently, and the injection time may be adjusted as necessary. and the pause time therebetween can be configured to be adjustable.

When a liquid is injected in a pulsed manner into an electric field in this way, the droplet develops polarization at its liquid surface.
As a result of the accelerated splitting, atomization and dispersion become more active. However, when the liquid is continuously ejected from the nozzle, the liquid flowing out from the nozzle forms a continuous string, floats around for a while, and then becomes droplets, after which fine dispersion becomes active. It takes a considerable amount of time to finally refine the material, making it unsuitable for fuel injection in internal combustion engines.

Also, droplets ejected in a pulsed manner differ from droplets ejected continuously in that they spread in the lateral direction (in a plane perpendicular to the nozzle axis) immediately after leaving the nozzle outlet. , which increases the chance that the edge of this droplet will be in contact with a strong electric field along the shortest distance between the nozzle and the opposing electrode, especially if the nozzle jet is If the shape around the exit is considered, the electric field will further increase the surface charge of the charged droplet, thereby making the splitting more active.

The droplet splitting according to the method of the present invention described above rapidly progresses the droplet reduction to the limit of maintaining the instantaneous dipole efficiency in the electric field region where the droplet exists, and disperses the droplet. The split droplets developed in the electric field are
It is thought that the number of particles is about 10 ¹⁰ , and the diameter of the end particles is 1 μm or less.

Furthermore, in the present invention, by utilizing the polarity of the instantaneous dipole efficiency generated in a droplet, droplets of other types can be combined while flying in the atmosphere to form a combined droplet.

The method of the present invention described above can be carried out using an atomization apparatus as shown in FIG. The structure and structure of this atomization device will be explained below.

The above-mentioned atomization device has an electrode 3 for applying a negative high voltage arranged at the center of a liquid flow path 2 in a grounded nozzle body 1, and the tip of the electrode 3 has an apex angle.
A conical surface 4 of about 60 degrees is arranged parallel to and opposite to the conical surface 5 in the nozzle body 1, and the liquid that is supplied into the flow path 2 and passes between these conical surfaces 4 and 5 is ejected from the jet port at the tip of the main body 1. It is made to erupt from 6.

Further, the nozzle body 1 is provided with a large number of jet ports 7 that open around the jet port 6, and the liquid to be jetted from these jet ports 7 is supplied to a supply path (not shown) provided around the nozzle main body 1. ) through a flow path 8 in the nozzle body 1.

The jet nozzle 7 can be formed by opening a large number of micropores or by fitting a porous body such as sintered metal into the jet nozzle 7.

A ring-shaped electrode 9 is disposed concentrically with the jet nozzle 6 of the nozzle body 1. A high positive voltage is normally applied to this electrode 9.

When a high voltage is applied to the electrode 9, an electric field is created between it and the nozzle body 1, and the electric field is generated between the edge portion 10 around the jet nozzle 6 and the edge portion 11 of the ring-shaped electrode 9 facing thereto. It is strongest on the shortest straight line connecting the two. Therefore,
If the periphery of the droplet that is ejected from the ejection port 6 and spreads laterally is in contact with this strong electric field, the surface charge of the charged droplet will further increase, and the splitting will become even more active, making it extremely efficient. Can be atomized and dispersed.

The atomization device described above can atomize various liquids into atomized particles in the following manner.

(1) When the liquid to be sprayed is a low resistivity liquid such as methanol, ethanol, or water, it is supplied to the flow path 2, and the supplied liquid is sprayed with a high voltage applied to the electrode 9. It is ejected from the outlet 6 in a pulsed manner. In this way, the droplets jetted into the electric field caused by the high voltage applied to the electrode 9 are
Polarization develops at the liquid surface and it repeatedly splits into a mist.

(2) When the liquid to be sprayed is a liquid with high resistivity such as kerosene, gasoline, or light oil, it is supplied to the flow path 2 and a high voltage is applied to the electrode 3 in the nozzle body 1. Then, the electrode 3 and the nozzle body 1
The liquid passing therethrough is charged between the conical surfaces 4 and 5 on the inner surface. In addition, the ring-shaped electrode 8
When a high voltage is applied to and the droplets are ejected from the ejection port 6 in a pulsed manner within the electric field,
Charged droplets in a polarized state are dispersed in a mist.

(3) While supplying a high specific resistance liquid to the channel 2,
A low resistivity liquid is supplied to the channel 8, a negative high voltage is applied to the electrode 3, and the ring-shaped electrode 9
Apply a high positive voltage to. As a result, the high resistivity liquid passing therebetween is charged and polarized between the conical surfaces 4 and 5 on the inner surface of the nozzle body 1, and is pulsed from the ejection port 6 into the electric field of the ring-shaped electrode 9. When ejected, the charged droplets are dispersed in a mist. On the other hand, the low resistivity liquid ejected from the ejection port 6 through the flow path 8 in a pulsed manner also develops polarization within the electric field of the ring-shaped electrode 9 and repeatedly splits into a mist. and,
Since these minute droplets have different polarities, the two droplets combine while in flight, making it possible to obtain a combined droplet.

The atomization device that the present inventor used in experiments and obtained satisfactory results was constructed as follows.

Diameter of spout 6: 0.5mmφ Diameter of spout 7: 0.2mmφ Vertical angle of electrode 3: 60° Inner diameter of electrode 9: 25mmφ Electrode spacing: 15mm Liquid injection time: 3sec Liquid injection pressure: 0.5Kg/cm ² electrodes 3 Applied voltage: -17kV Applied voltage to electrode 9: 20kV In the above-mentioned atomization and dispersion, the charged droplets sent into the electric field in a pulsed manner can of course promote atomization and dispersion due to the electric field effect. When used for fuel injection, the electric charge of the droplets promotes the combustion effect, and the droplets sent in pulses also solve the problem of electrical position during combustion within the engine. I will do it. Furthermore, with the capacitively coupled droplets, a combustion effect accompanied by an explosive atomization phenomenon can be obtained.

[Effects of the Invention] As detailed above, according to the liquid atomization method of the present invention, the injected liquid can not only be immediately atomized and dispersed by the simple means of supplying the liquid in a pulsed manner. , the device for atomization and dispersion can be formed compactly.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the configuration of an atomization device for carrying out the liquid atomization method according to the present invention.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a method in which electrodes to which a high voltage is applied are arranged opposite to the ejection port of a nozzle that supplies the liquid to be atomized, and the liquid supplied from the ejection port is atomized by the polarization effect due to the electrical charge, the liquid is ejected from the nozzle. A method for atomizing a liquid, characterized by supplying the liquid from an outlet in a pulsed manner into an electric field formed by a high voltage of the electrode.