JPH0221490B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0221490B2 JPH0221490B2 JP58068977A JP6897783A JPH0221490B2 JP H0221490 B2 JPH0221490 B2 JP H0221490B2 JP 58068977 A JP58068977 A JP 58068977A JP 6897783 A JP6897783 A JP 6897783A JP H0221490 B2 JPH0221490 B2 JP H0221490B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- photochemical
- heat storage
- light energy
- light
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/20—Working fluids specially adapted for solar heat collectors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Description
この発明は、太陽光エネルギーを化学的に変換
して集熱と同時に蓄熱を行う光化学蓄熱材におい
て変換効率を向上させるための光エネルギー変換
システムに関するものである。
一般に太陽エネルギーは太陽からの照射光その
ままでは広く薄く分散している上に変動が激しい
ため、利用に際しては濃縮及び貯蔵による平滑化
を行う必要がある。この方法のひとつに光化学蓄
熱法がある。
これは主として光活性有機化合物に代表される
光化学蓄熱材の光化学反応、例えば異性化、二量
化等を利用して太陽エネルギーを化学エネルギー
に変換し生成物質のエンタルピー増として長期間
の貯蔵を可能とするとともに、需要時には逆反応
を起こして蓄積されたエネルギーを放出させ、熱
として利用するものである。
第1図は、以上の光化学蓄熱材を用いた太陽光
エネルギー変換貯蔵系の概略を示すもので、貯蔵
槽1内にある光化学蓄熱材はそのまゝ、或いは溶
液状にして循環ポンプ2により、循環系3内を連
続的または間欠的に循環させられる。そして、集
光セル4内では太陽光照射を受け、異性化や二量
化を起こし、集熱と蓄熱を行つた後、変換検出器
5を通過して貯蔵槽1内に蓄えられる。
この太陽光エネルギー変換貯蔵系に使用される
光化学蓄熱材はそれ自自身の持つ、または添加さ
れた光増感剤の吸収帯に相当する波長光を吸収し
て高エネルギー異性体に変化する。
しかし、100%完全に変換されるわけではなく、
一般に生成した高エネルギー生成物質は同時に光
照射を受けて原物質に戻るため、初期には生成物
質量は直線的に増加するが、その増加速度は次第
に減少し、長時間の照射では照射時間に無関係な
光化学平衡状態に到るのが常である。
第1表は、トランス−アゾベンゼンのシス型へ
の光異性化について、光波長と光化学平衡におけ
るシス−アゾベンゼンの含有率を示したもので、
低い変換率で平衡に達することがわかる。
The present invention relates to a light energy conversion system for improving conversion efficiency in a photochemical heat storage material that collects and stores heat at the same time by chemically converting solar energy. In general, solar energy is widely and thinly dispersed as it is as it is irradiated by the sun, and also fluctuates drastically, so it is necessary to smooth it by concentrating and storing it before use. One of these methods is the photochemical heat storage method. This converts solar energy into chemical energy by utilizing photochemical reactions such as isomerization and dimerization of photochemical heat storage materials represented by photoactive organic compounds, and enables long-term storage by increasing the enthalpy of the generated substances. At the same time, when there is demand, a reverse reaction occurs to release the stored energy and use it as heat. FIG. 1 schematically shows a solar energy conversion and storage system using the photochemical heat storage material described above. It can be circulated continuously or intermittently within the circulatory system 3. Then, in the condensing cell 4, the light is irradiated with sunlight, causing isomerization and dimerization, and after collecting and storing heat, it passes through the conversion detector 5 and is stored in the storage tank 1. The photochemical heat storage material used in this solar energy conversion storage system absorbs light with a wavelength corresponding to the absorption band of the photosensitizer itself or added, and changes into a high-energy isomer. However, it is not 100% completely converted,
Generally, high-energy generated substances are simultaneously irradiated with light and return to their original forms, so initially the amount of generated substances increases linearly, but the rate of increase gradually decreases, and with long irradiation, the irradiation time increases. An unrelated photochemical equilibrium state is usually reached. Table 1 shows the light wavelength and the content of cis-azobenzene at photochemical equilibrium for the photoisomerization of trans-azobenzene into the cis form.
It can be seen that equilibrium is reached at low conversion rates.
【表】
したがつて第1図に示したシステムのままでは
長時間の照射と循環を行なつても光化学平衡に達
したのちは、それ以上生成物質量が増加せず、変
化率は低く止まるばかりか、徒に副反応により活
性物質を消耗するだけで、このままでは効率の良
い蓄エネルギーを実現することができない。また
光化学平衡とは別に、生成物質の溶液内での蓄積
による変換効率の低下も起る。
以上のように、第1図に示したシステムでは光
化学蓄熱材の変換効率は向上しないが、従来まで
工業的に実現可能な方法で以上の光化学蓄熱材の
変換効率を向上させる試みは行われていない。
本発明者等は、上記実情に鑑み光化学蓄熱材の
変換効率を向上させるための太陽光エネルギー変
換アステムについて鋭意研究の結果、光化学蓄熱
材に光エネルギーを吸収させて光化学反応を行わ
せ、吸収した光エネルギーを上記反応生成物質の
エンタルピー増として貯蔵する光エネルギー変換
システムにおいて、上記生成物質を光照射中に、
または光照射後、上記光化学蓄熱材と上記反応生
成物との間の吸着剤に対する親和性の差又は溶媒
に対する溶解度の差を利用して、一時的に反応系
より隔離することにより生成物質への変換率を格
段に向上させることができることを見出したもの
である。
即ち光化学蓄熱材−生成物質間の光化学平衡定
数は光増感剤または活性物質により一定であるた
め、変換効率を向上するためには生成物質を何等
かの方法で反応系外に連続的に除去するか、また
は少くとも光照射を受ける反応器内では反応液は
原物質に富むような組成に絶えず保持する必要が
ある。
この発明においては生成物質を光照射中に、ま
たは光照射後一時的に反応系より隔離することに
より光エネルギー変換システムの機能を損うこと
なく生成物質への変換効率を格段に向上させるこ
とができるのである。
生成物質を一時的に反応系より隔離する方法と
しては、光化学蓄熱材と反応生成物質が共存状態
で循環する経路中に吸着剤を充填したカラムを設
け、反応生成物質を吸着剤中に選択的に吸着させ
るものである。
なお吸着された生成物質はカラムを加熱した
り、或いは脱離溶媒をカラムに加えることによ
り、貯蔵槽に移して使用することができる。
以上の方法は、アゾベンゼンのトランス型から
シス型への異性化反応による光エネルギー変換シ
ステムにおいては循環システム中に、例えば活性
アルミナの吸着カラムを挿入し、且つアゾベンゼ
ンをシクロヘキサン溶媒に溶解させて以上の吸着
カラム中を通過させることにより実現することが
できる。
即ち、シス−アゾベンゼンはトランス−アゾベ
ンゼンよりも強くアルミナに吸着されるため、シ
クロヘキサン溶媒においてシス型の流出速度はト
ランス型の約4分の1となる。従つて光照射によ
り生成したシス−アゾベンゼンは反応液の循環に
よりアルミナに吸着されて濃縮されるのと同時に
反応液から除去されるため、未反応のトランス−
アゾベンゼンだけがシステム内を循環し光照射を
受ける。その結果変換率は吸着カラムを経由しな
い場合に比べて著るしく上昇する。
なおこの実施例にあたつては、光照射中絶えず
循環を行う必要はなく、生成物質が時間に対し直
線的に増加する間は循環を停止して、その後必要
時間循環吸着を行なう操作を繰り返す方法を採用
すれば、効率が良い。また吸着カラムは冷所に保
持すれば、一段と効率が上昇する。
以上はアゾベンゼンについて説明したが、アゾ
ベンゼンの誘導体についてもこの方法を適用する
ことができる。
なお、以上の方法においてカラム中に充填する
吸着剤は活性アルミナに限らず、適用する蓄熱材
の種類に応じて各種の吸着剤を選択することがで
きる。
更に、カラム中を通過させる溶媒としては、上
記シクロヘキサンの他に、ヘキサン、メチルアル
コールベンゼン、石油ベンジン及びその混合溶媒
を使用することができる。
また以上のようにして吸着されたシス−アゾベ
ンゼンはカラムを少し、加熱しながら反応液を循
環するか、場合によつてはエーテル等の異種溶媒
によつて脱着され、容易に貯蔵槽に移すことがで
きる。
以上要するに、この発明によれば第1図に示す
ような光エネルギー変換システムにおいて光化学
蓄熱材の高エネルギー物質への変換率を飛躍的に
高めることが可能となり、経済的に太陽エネルギ
ーの化学的変換貯蔵を実現することができる。
以下、この発明の実施例を示す。
実施例 1
第2図は、この実施例に用いた太陽光エネルギ
ー変換貯蔵システムを示すもので、第1図のシス
テムと比較して循環系3内に吸着カラム6及びガ
ス抜き装置7を介在させ、また変換検出器5には
記録計8を接続する点で異なる以外、第1図のシ
ステムと同様な構成となつており、同様な構成部
分については同一付号を使用し、説明を省略す
る。
また集光セル4は、厚さ5mm、幅1cm、高さ約
4cmの石英セルで構成し、吸着カラム6は径1
cm、長さ約10cmの筒内に活性アルミナを填して構
成した。
一方以上のシステムにおいて石英セル4内には
再結晶により精製したトランス−アゾベンゼンの
シクロヘキサン溶液約10ml(濃度10g/)を収
容して波長340nm(7.2×104erg/cm2・sec)の光
を常温において3.5時間照射した。
照射後0.4ml/minの流速で10分間循環を行な
つたところ、生成物質であるシス−アゾベンゼン
は第2図中の吸着カラム(径1cm、長さ約10cm)
に液流入口から約5mmの幅に完全に吸着された。
循環を止め再び照射を行ない以下同様に操作した
ところ、吸着されたシス−アゾベンゼン約1.2cm
の幅となつたが、やはり完全に吸着され、未反応
トランス−アゾベンゼンだけを繰り返し照射する
ことが可能であつた。吸着カラムを温風機で加温
しながら溶液を循環させることにより、シス−ア
ゾベンゼンは容易に溶液中へ脱離された。[Table] Therefore, even if the system shown in Figure 1 is used for long periods of irradiation and circulation, after photochemical equilibrium is reached, the amount of produced substances will not increase any further and the rate of change will remain low. Not only that, but the active substance is wasted due to side reactions, and efficient energy storage cannot be achieved as it is. In addition to photochemical equilibrium, conversion efficiency also decreases due to accumulation of produced substances in the solution. As described above, the system shown in Figure 1 does not improve the conversion efficiency of photochemical heat storage materials, but no attempt has been made to improve the conversion efficiency of photochemical heat storage materials using an industrially feasible method. do not have. In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present inventors conducted intensive research on solar energy conversion systems to improve the conversion efficiency of photochemical heat storage materials, and as a result, the present inventors made photochemical heat storage materials absorb light energy to perform a photochemical reaction. In a light energy conversion system that stores light energy as an enthalpy increase of the reaction product, while the product is irradiated with light,
Alternatively, after light irradiation, the photochemical heat storage material and the reaction product are temporarily isolated from the reaction system by utilizing the difference in affinity for adsorbents or the difference in solubility in solvents, thereby allowing the product to be released. It has been discovered that the conversion rate can be significantly improved. In other words, the photochemical equilibrium constant between the photochemical heat storage material and the produced substance is constant depending on the photosensitizer or active substance, so in order to improve the conversion efficiency, the produced substance must be continuously removed from the reaction system by some method. or at least in the reactor where it is exposed to light, the reaction solution must be constantly maintained at a composition rich in raw materials. In this invention, by temporarily isolating the produced substance from the reaction system during or after light irradiation, it is possible to significantly improve the conversion efficiency to the produced substance without impairing the function of the light energy conversion system. It can be done. As a method for temporarily isolating the product from the reaction system, a column packed with an adsorbent is installed in the path where the photochemical heat storage material and the reaction product circulate in a coexisting state, and the reaction product is selectively absorbed into the adsorbent. It is made to be adsorbed to. Note that the adsorbed product substance can be transferred to a storage tank and used by heating the column or adding a desorption solvent to the column. The above method involves inserting, for example, an activated alumina adsorption column into the circulation system in a light energy conversion system based on the isomerization reaction of azobenzene from trans form to cis form, and dissolving azobenzene in a cyclohexane solvent. This can be achieved by passing it through an adsorption column. That is, since cis-azobenzene is more strongly adsorbed on alumina than trans-azobenzene, the outflow rate of the cis-type in a cyclohexane solvent is about one-fourth that of the trans-type. Therefore, cis-azobenzene produced by light irradiation is adsorbed on alumina and concentrated by circulation of the reaction solution, and simultaneously removed from the reaction solution, so that unreacted trans-azobenzene is removed from the reaction solution.
Only azobenzene circulates within the system and is exposed to light. As a result, the conversion rate is significantly increased compared to when the adsorption column is not used. In this example, it is not necessary to constantly circulate during light irradiation, and the circulation is stopped while the produced substance increases linearly with respect to time, and then the operation of cyclic adsorption is repeated for the necessary time. If you use this method, it will be efficient. Furthermore, if the adsorption column is kept in a cool place, its efficiency will further increase. Although azobenzene has been described above, this method can also be applied to azobenzene derivatives. In addition, the adsorbent packed into the column in the above method is not limited to activated alumina, and various adsorbents can be selected depending on the type of heat storage material to be applied. Furthermore, as a solvent to be passed through the column, in addition to the above-mentioned cyclohexane, hexane, methyl alcohol benzene, petroleum benzine, and a mixed solvent thereof can be used. In addition, the cis-azobenzene adsorbed in the above manner can be desorbed by circulating the reaction solution while slightly heating the column, or in some cases by using a different solvent such as ether, and easily transferred to a storage tank. Can be done. In summary, according to the present invention, it is possible to dramatically increase the conversion rate of a photochemical heat storage material into a high-energy substance in a light energy conversion system as shown in FIG. Storage can be realized. Examples of this invention will be shown below. Example 1 FIG. 2 shows a solar energy conversion and storage system used in this example. Compared to the system shown in FIG. 1, an adsorption column 6 and a degassing device 7 are interposed in the circulation system 3. , and has the same configuration as the system shown in Fig. 1, except that a recorder 8 is connected to the conversion detector 5, and the same reference numbers will be used for similar components and explanations will be omitted. . The condensing cell 4 is composed of a quartz cell with a thickness of 5 mm, a width of 1 cm, and a height of about 4 cm, and the adsorption column 6 has a diameter of 1 cm.
It was constructed by filling activated alumina into a cylinder with a length of about 10 cm. On the other hand, in the above systems, approximately 10 ml of a cyclohexane solution of trans-azobenzene purified by recrystallization (concentration 10 g/cm) is stored in the quartz cell 4, and light with a wavelength of 340 nm (7.2×10 4 erg/cm 2 sec) is emitted. Irradiation was performed for 3.5 hours at room temperature. After irradiation, circulation was performed for 10 minutes at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min, and the product cis-azobenzene was absorbed into the adsorption column (diameter 1 cm, length approximately 10 cm) in Figure 2.
The liquid was completely absorbed within a width of about 5 mm from the liquid inlet.
When the circulation was stopped and irradiation was performed again, the same procedure was repeated, and approximately 1.2 cm of cis-azobenzene was adsorbed.
However, it was still completely adsorbed, making it possible to repeatedly irradiate only unreacted trans-azobenzene. By circulating the solution while heating the adsorption column with a hot air blower, cis-azobenzene was easily desorbed into the solution.
第1図は、従来の光化学蓄熱材を用いた光エネ
ルギー変換システムの概略図、第2図はこの発明
の一実施例を示す光エネルギー変換システムの概
略図である。
図中、3は循環系、4は集光セル、6は吸着カ
ラム。
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a light energy conversion system using a conventional photochemical heat storage material, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a light energy conversion system showing an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 3 is a circulation system, 4 is a light collection cell, and 6 is an adsorption column.
Claims (1)
化学反応を行い吸収した光エネルギーを反応生成
物質のエンタルピー増として貯蔵する光エネルギ
ー変換システムにおいて、上記反応生成物質を光
照射中に、または光照射後、上記光化学蓄熱材と
上記反応生成物質との間の吸着剤に対する親和性
の差又は溶媒に対する溶解度の差を利用して、一
時的に反応系より隔離することを特徴とする光エ
ネルギー変換システム。 2 生成物質を一時的に反応系より隔離する手段
として光化学蓄熱材と反応生成物質が共存状態で
循環する経路中に吸着剤を充填したカラムを設け
た特許請求の範囲第1項記載の光エネルギー変換
システム。 3 光化学蓄熱材を、アゾベンゼン及びその誘導
体から選択する特許請求の範囲第1項又は第2項
記載の光エネルギー変換システム。[Claims] 1. In a light energy conversion system in which a photochemical heat storage material absorbs light energy, performs a photochemical reaction, and stores the absorbed light energy as an enthalpy increase of a reaction product, the reaction product is irradiated with light. or, after light irradiation, the photochemical heat storage material and the reaction product are temporarily isolated from the reaction system by utilizing the difference in affinity for an adsorbent or the difference in solubility in a solvent. Light energy conversion system. 2. The light energy according to claim 1, wherein a column filled with an adsorbent is provided in a path in which the photochemical heat storage material and the reaction product circulate in a coexisting state as a means for temporarily isolating the product from the reaction system. conversion system. 3. The light energy conversion system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the photochemical heat storage material is selected from azobenzene and its derivatives.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58068977A JPS59195057A (en) | 1983-04-19 | 1983-04-19 | Optical energy conversion system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58068977A JPS59195057A (en) | 1983-04-19 | 1983-04-19 | Optical energy conversion system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59195057A JPS59195057A (en) | 1984-11-06 |
| JPH0221490B2 true JPH0221490B2 (en) | 1990-05-15 |
Family
ID=13389234
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58068977A Granted JPS59195057A (en) | 1983-04-19 | 1983-04-19 | Optical energy conversion system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59195057A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0129517Y2 (en) * | 1984-12-22 | 1989-09-07 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58142150A (en) * | 1982-02-17 | 1983-08-23 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | Solar energy utilizing device |
-
1983
- 1983-04-19 JP JP58068977A patent/JPS59195057A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59195057A (en) | 1984-11-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2635446B2 (en) | Renewable supported amine-polyol sorbent | |
| US5876488A (en) | Regenerable solid amine sorbent | |
| US4373935A (en) | Adsorption separation cycle | |
| JP3051499U (en) | Combined solar water heater with dehumidification function | |
| CN104525119B (en) | A functional carbon adsorption material of g-C3N4/ZnO/activated carbon and its preparation method | |
| GB2308317A (en) | Recovery of High-Boiling Point Solvents Using Adsorption | |
| Okuhara et al. | Evidence for “pseudo-liquid phase” in the dehydration of isopropanol over H3PW12O40 | |
| JPH0221490B2 (en) | ||
| JPH0549918A (en) | Carbon dioxide adsorbent | |
| US4018704A (en) | Method for desorption of methyl bromide | |
| CN105688597A (en) | Full-temperature-process pressure swing adsorption method for recycling hydrocarbons from low-temperature methyl alcohol washing tail gas | |
| AU675662B2 (en) | Latent store | |
| US5174974A (en) | Regenerable CO2 /H2 O solid sorbent | |
| JPS5561915A (en) | Pressure swing type adsorption tower | |
| Watanabe et al. | Heat and mass transfer in super active carbon/ethanol adsorption heat pump with a packed bed type adsorber | |
| US4056471A (en) | Adsorption arrangement | |
| KR100650505B1 (en) | Method of treating exhaust gas containing tritium | |
| Hentz et al. | Concentration and temperature dependence of the quantum yield and lifetime of the lowest triplet state of benzene in the liquid phase | |
| CA3147090A1 (en) | A system and method using photochemical oxygen storage and release | |
| JP2572248B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for separating and recovering hydrogen isotope | |
| RU2346347C1 (en) | Silica gel-based sorbing agent for radioiodine recovery | |
| JPS60255A (en) | Collection and reservation of solar heat energy | |
| TH7960A (en) | A comprehensive process for separating sulfur compounds from fluid flows. | |
| Mikheev et al. | Sorption of CH3131I from steam-gas phase on modified Ag-containing zeolites | |
| JPH0413027A (en) | Heat reserving method |