JPH022651B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH022651B2 JPH022651B2 JP4231483A JP4231483A JPH022651B2 JP H022651 B2 JPH022651 B2 JP H022651B2 JP 4231483 A JP4231483 A JP 4231483A JP 4231483 A JP4231483 A JP 4231483A JP H022651 B2 JPH022651 B2 JP H022651B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- machining
- movement
- processing
- pulling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 42
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/26—Apparatus for moving or positioning electrode relatively to workpiece; Mounting of electrode
- B23H7/28—Moving electrode in a plane normal to the feed direction, e.g. orbiting
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
この発明は放電加工、特に電極の運動により加
工生成物の除去・分散を能率的に行なうようにし
た放電加工法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to electric discharge machining, and particularly to an electric discharge machining method in which machining products are efficiently removed and dispersed by movement of an electrode.
（従来技術）
放電加工において、放電ギヤツプ中に、加工に
よつて生じた被加工材料や電極材料の金属粒子、
加工液の分解によつて生じるカーボン粒子等の加
工生成物が介在し、その導電性による極間のコン
ダクタンスの増大や極間距離の増大が生じ、放電
繰返しの不安定、エネルギ効率の低下、転写精度
の低下、さらには連続アーク状態を引起こし加工
の進行を不能にする等々の問題を生ずる原因とな
つている。(Prior art) In electrical discharge machining, during the discharge gap, metal particles of the workpiece material and electrode material generated by machining,
Processing products such as carbon particles generated by the decomposition of the processing fluid are present, and their conductivity increases the conductance between the electrodes and the distance between the electrodes, resulting in unstable discharge repetition, decreased energy efficiency, and transfer problems. This causes problems such as a decrease in accuracy and furthermore, a continuous arc state occurs, making it impossible to proceed with machining.
このため、加工の進行と共に加工生成物の除去
を行なわなければならないが、従来行なわれてい
る主な方法は下記の２つである。 For this reason, processing products must be removed as processing progresses, and the following two methods have been used heretofore.
一つは電極として穴あき電極を用い、この穴を
通じて加工液を噴出させ或は吸引を行う方法であ
り、他の方法は間欠的に放電を止め、電極を引上
げることにより極間の加工液の入換えを行う方法
である。 One method is to use a holed electrode as an electrode and eject or suction the machining fluid through the hole.The other method is to stop the discharge intermittently and pull up the electrode to drain the machining fluid between the electrodes. This is a method of replacing the
しかし、前者の方法は、加工くずの除去は良好
であるが、電極への穴あけ加工を行なわなければ
ならず、電極形状が複雑な場合は多数の噴流穴が
必要となり、穴の配置も含めた電極設計も容易で
はない。その上、加工後、被工作物に穴に対応す
る凸部が残り、これを除去しなければならない。 However, although the former method is good at removing machining waste, it requires drilling holes in the electrode, and if the electrode shape is complex, a large number of jet holes are required, and the arrangement of the holes is also difficult. Electrode design is also not easy. Moreover, after machining, protrusions corresponding to the holes remain on the workpiece, which must be removed.
後者の電極引上げ法は加工機への応用が容易で
あり、噴流法によることが難しい場合はこの方法
が採用されることが多い。しかし、電極の引上げ
距離を大きくとらないと、液のよどみ点の存在が
原因となつて異常アークや短絡が発生し、加工の
進行が妨げられることが少なくない。また、電極
の引上げ中は加工が行なわれないので、引上距離
の増大はすなわち加工速度の低下を意味する。こ
のため、現在、加工生成物の効果的な除去方法は
確立されていないと云つても過言ではない。 The latter electrode pulling method is easy to apply to processing machines, and is often adopted when it is difficult to use the jet method. However, unless the electrode is pulled up a long distance, abnormal arcs and short circuits occur due to the presence of liquid stagnation points, which often impedes the progress of machining. Furthermore, since machining is not performed while the electrode is being pulled up, an increase in the pulling distance means a decrease in the machining speed. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that no effective method for removing processed products has been established at present.
（発明の目的）
この発明は、電極引上げ法が一次元的に電極を
運動させるのに対して二次元、三次元的に移動さ
せることにより、電極と工作物のすき間を利用し
てポンプ作用に似た液流を作り出して加工生成物
の能率的かつ安定した排除を行なわせようとする
ものである。(Objective of the Invention) This invention utilizes the gap between the electrode and the workpiece to achieve pump action by moving the electrode in two or three dimensions, as opposed to the one-dimensional movement of the electrode in the electrode pulling method. The purpose is to create a similar liquid flow to efficiently and stably remove processed products.
（発明の構成）
この発明の放電加工法における電極運動のう
ち、最も簡単なものの１例を第１図に示す。同図
中ａは通常の加工中における電極１と工作物２の
位置関係を示す。加工生成物を排除するときは、
電圧印加を止め、同図ｂからｅのように電極を移
動させる。すなわち、まずｂのように電極を一方
の内壁面に接近させる。次いでｃのように引上げ
る。これに伴い広い方の間隙から加工液が流入す
る。適当な距離引上げた後ｄのように反対側の壁
面に接近させ、ｅのようにａとほぼ同じ状態まで
押込む。(Structure of the Invention) One example of the simplest electrode movement in the electric discharge machining method of the invention is shown in FIG. In the figure, a shows the positional relationship between the electrode 1 and the workpiece 2 during normal machining. When eliminating processed products,
Stop applying the voltage and move the electrode as shown in b to e in the figure. That is, first, the electrode is brought close to one inner wall surface as shown in b. Then, pull it up as shown in c. Along with this, machining fluid flows in from the wider gap. After pulling it up an appropriate distance, bring it close to the opposite wall as shown in d, and push it in to the same state as in a, as shown in e.
この運動によつて加工液は流入したのと反対側
から加工生成物を伴つて流出する。次いで電極１
は中央に戻りａの状態に復帰する。 Due to this movement, the processing fluid flows out from the opposite side from where it entered, accompanied by processing products. Then electrode 1
returns to the center and returns to state a.
このような運動によつてｂ→ｃで加工液の吸
入、ｄ−ｅで吐出が行なわれ、一種のポンプを形
成するが、その他の区間では電極１の水平移動に
よつて電極１と工作物２との間の空隙に一方向性
の流れが形成され、効果的な加工生成物の分散排
除が行なわれる。 Due to this movement, machining fluid is sucked in from b to c and discharged from de to e, forming a kind of pump, but in other sections, the horizontal movement of electrode 1 causes the electrode 1 to move between the workpiece and the workpiece. A unidirectional flow is formed in the gap between the two, and the processed products are effectively dispersed and removed.
上記の電極の運動はいわゆる揺動加工方式にお
ける電極の運動と類似している。しかし、揺動加
工においては、電極の運動中に加工を継続し、そ
のため、電極の底面以外の部分でも加工を行な
い、電極寸法は仕上り寸法より小さくされている
のに対して、この発明においては、電極の運動中
は加工を行なわず、加工は通常の放電加工のよう
に電極の底面で行なうため、電極設計は従来の方
法に準じて行なわれる。電極送り込み方向と垂直
な方向の移動量は通常の放電間隙以下の大きさ
で、極めて微少である。また電極移動は通常可能
な限り高速とするのが望ましい。 The movement of the electrode described above is similar to the movement of the electrode in a so-called oscillating machining method. However, in oscillating machining, machining continues while the electrode is moving, so machining is performed on parts other than the bottom surface of the electrode, and the electrode dimensions are smaller than the finished dimensions. Since machining is not performed during the movement of the electrode, and machining is performed on the bottom surface of the electrode like in normal electric discharge machining, the electrode design is performed according to the conventional method. The amount of movement in the direction perpendicular to the electrode feeding direction is smaller than the normal discharge gap and is extremely small. It is also generally desirable that the electrode movement be as fast as possible.
電極移動は電極送り込み方向と垂直な成分を持
つ二次元、三次元の移動をさせるが、第１図示の
ように、電極送り込み方向を含む面への投影がル
ープを画くものであることが好ましい。 The electrode movement is a two-dimensional or three-dimensional movement having a component perpendicular to the electrode feeding direction, but it is preferable that the projection onto a plane including the electrode feeding direction forms a loop, as shown in the first diagram.
（発明の効果）
第２図、第３図にこの発明と従来の加工法との
比較を示す。(Effects of the Invention) Figures 2 and 3 show a comparison between this invention and the conventional processing method.
実験は焼入れ、焼なましをした工具鋼を工作物
とし、加工電流ieを5A、パルス幅40μsの条件で
加工を行なつた例である。図中ａは電極引上げも
行なわない普通の加工、ｂ，ｃ，ｄは電極引上げ
法で、引上距離はｂは62.5μm、ｃは125μm、ｄ
は250μmである。ｅはこの発明の加工法で、電極
送り込み方向ｚの移動距離は125μm、これと垂直
な方向ｘの移動距離は37μmである。 The experiment is an example in which hardened and annealed tool steel was used as a workpiece, and machining was performed under conditions of a machining current i e of 5 A and a pulse width of 40 μs. In the figure, a is normal processing without electrode pulling, b, c, and d are electrode pulling method, and the pulling distance is 62.5 μm for b, 125 μm for c, and d
is 250μm. E is the processing method of the present invention, and the moving distance in the electrode feeding direction z is 125 μm, and the moving distance in the direction x perpendicular to this is 37 μm.
第２図は幅10mm、厚さ１mmの電極を用い、厚み
方向をｘ方向にとつたときの結果であり、普通の
加工法ａでは加工開始後、間もなく異常アーク状
態となつてほとんど加工出来ない。電極引上げ
法、ｂ，ｃ，ｄでは引上げ量が大きい程異常アー
クを起しにくく、より深くまで加工できるように
なる。図中×印は異常アークの発生を示す。しか
し、ｚ＝125μm程度までは加工速度も向上する傾
向があるが、それ以上に引上距離を増せば加工速
度は低下する。図から明らかなように、４mm以上
の深さの加工を異常アークをさけながら行うに
は、加工速度をさらに犠牲にしなければならな
い。一方、この発明の加工法ｅにおいては、加工
速度も速く、異常アークも発生していない。 Figure 2 shows the results when an electrode with a width of 10 mm and a thickness of 1 mm is used, and the thickness direction is set in the x direction. With ordinary machining method a, an abnormal arc condition occurs soon after machining starts, and almost no machining is possible. . In the electrode pulling methods b, c, and d, the larger the pulling amount, the less likely abnormal arcs will occur and the deeper the material can be machined. The x mark in the figure indicates the occurrence of an abnormal arc. However, although the machining speed tends to improve up to about z = 125 μm, the machining speed decreases if the pulling distance is increased beyond that. As is clear from the figure, in order to perform machining to a depth of 4 mm or more while avoiding abnormal arcs, the machining speed must be further sacrificed. On the other hand, in the machining method e of the present invention, the machining speed is fast and no abnormal arc occurs.
第３図は加工深さによる加工速度の変化を示し
たもので、加工条件は第２図の場合と同じであ
る。この発明の加工法ｅは安定して高い加工速度
を保つていることが明らかである。 FIG. 3 shows the change in machining speed depending on the machining depth, and the machining conditions are the same as in FIG. 2. It is clear that the processing method e of the present invention maintains a stable high processing speed.
特に、両図において、ｃとｅとは電極引上げ距
離ｚは125μmで同じであり、わずかなｘ方向の変
位37μmによつて著るしい加工生成物の排除効果
がみられることが明らかである。 In particular, in both figures, c and e have the same electrode lifting distance z of 125 μm, and it is clear that a slight displacement in the x direction of 37 μm has a significant effect on removing processed products.
この加工法においては、放電停止中に電極移動
を行なうので、電極を加工穴内壁面に通常の放電
間隙よりさらに接近させて移動させることができ
るので、ポンプ作用をより効果的にすることがで
きる。 In this machining method, since the electrode is moved while the discharge is stopped, the electrode can be moved closer to the inner wall surface of the machined hole than the normal discharge gap, so that the pumping action can be made more effective.
第１図はこの発明の放電加工法における電極移
動を示す説明図、第２図、第３図は従来法と比較
した効果を示す時間−加工深さ及び加工速度−加
工深さ曲線図。
１：電極、２：工作物。
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing electrode movement in the electric discharge machining method of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are time-machining depth and machining speed-machining depth curve diagrams showing effects compared with conventional methods. 1: Electrode, 2: Workpiece.
Claims (1)
面への投影がループを画くような軌跡に沿つて電
極を移動させるようにしたことにより、加工生成
物の除去・分散を行なうことを特徴とする放電加
工法。1. Processing products are removed and dispersed by moving the electrode along a locus whose projection onto a surface including the electrode feeding direction forms a loop during the processing stop period. Electrical discharge machining method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4231483A JPS59169721A (en) | 1983-03-16 | 1983-03-16 | Electric discharge machining method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4231483A JPS59169721A (en) | 1983-03-16 | 1983-03-16 | Electric discharge machining method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59169721A JPS59169721A (en) | 1984-09-25 |
| JPH022651B2 true JPH022651B2 (en) | 1990-01-18 |
Family
ID=12632553
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4231483A Granted JPS59169721A (en) | 1983-03-16 | 1983-03-16 | Electric discharge machining method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59169721A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4510763B2 (en) * | 2006-01-23 | 2010-07-28 | 株式会社牧野フライス製作所 | Jump control method for electric discharge machine |
-
1983
- 1983-03-16 JP JP4231483A patent/JPS59169721A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59169721A (en) | 1984-09-25 |
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