JPH0227646B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0227646B2 JPH0227646B2 JP58054146A JP5414683A JPH0227646B2 JP H0227646 B2 JPH0227646 B2 JP H0227646B2 JP 58054146 A JP58054146 A JP 58054146A JP 5414683 A JP5414683 A JP 5414683A JP H0227646 B2 JPH0227646 B2 JP H0227646B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- scanning optical
- detector
- optical system
- scanning
- aperture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/10—Scanning systems
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)
- Facsimile Scanning Arrangements (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明は視野を例えばスパイラル走査し、視
野内の物体から放射される赤外線を検出し、物体
の方位情報を得るための走査形光学系の構成方法
に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of configuring a scanning optical system for scanning a field of view in a spiral manner, detecting infrared rays emitted from an object within the field of view, and obtaining azimuth information of the object.
このような走査形光学系を利用した装置には追
尾装置がある。第１図をもとに従来の走査形光学
系の構成方法の一例を説明する。 A tracking device is an example of a device that uses such a scanning optical system. An example of a method for configuring a conventional scanning optical system will be explained based on FIG.
第１図において、３は検出器、９は１次鏡、１
０は１次鏡の反射面、１１は１次鏡の非反射面、
１２は２次鏡、１３は回転軸、２０は２次鏡の反
射面、２１は２次鏡の非反射面、ａは視野の端か
らの入射赤外線、ｂは視野の中心からの入射赤外
線、ｃは不要な赤外線である。なお、回転軸１３
は走査形光学系の光軸に一致している。ここで、
１次鏡９と２次鏡１２が走査光学部を構成してお
り、回転軸１３に対してそれぞれ少しの角度傾
け、同期させて回転させることによつてスパイラ
ル走査やロゼツト走査を行う。なお、１次鏡９の
非反射面１１は開口絞りの役割を果たしており、
２次鏡１２には入射赤外線がケラレないように反
射面２０が設けられている。 In Fig. 1, 3 is a detector, 9 is a primary mirror, 1
0 is the reflective surface of the primary mirror, 11 is the non-reflective surface of the primary mirror,
12 is a secondary mirror, 13 is a rotation axis, 20 is a reflective surface of the secondary mirror, 21 is a non-reflective surface of the secondary mirror, a is an incident infrared ray from the edge of the field of view, b is an incident infrared ray from the center of the field of view, c is unnecessary infrared rays. Note that the rotating shaft 13
coincides with the optical axis of the scanning optical system. here,
The primary mirror 9 and the secondary mirror 12 constitute a scanning optical section, and are tilted at a slight angle with respect to the rotation axis 13 and rotated in synchronization to perform spiral scanning or rosette scanning. Note that the non-reflective surface 11 of the primary mirror 9 plays the role of an aperture stop.
A reflective surface 20 is provided on the secondary mirror 12 so that the incident infrared rays are not obscured.
第１図に示した走査形光学系の構成方法では、
視野の端と視野の中心からの入射赤外線ａ，ｂの
光束が２次鏡１２に当つている部分は１次鏡９の
回転によつて変位する。２次鏡１２の反射面２０
の大きさは入射赤外線ａ，ｂの光束がケラレない
ように設けられているから、例えば視野の中心か
らの入射赤外線ｂを受けているときには、２次鏡
１２の反射面２０の一部分しか使用していない。 In the configuration method of the scanning optical system shown in Fig. 1,
The portion where the incident infrared rays a and b from the edge of the field of view and the center of the field of view hit the secondary mirror 12 is displaced by the rotation of the primary mirror 9. Reflection surface 20 of secondary mirror 12
The size of is set so that the beams of incident infrared rays a and b are not eclipsed, so, for example, when receiving incoming infrared rays b from the center of the field of view, only a part of the reflecting surface 20 of the secondary mirror 12 is used. Not yet.
したがつて、検出器３は２次鏡１２の反射によ
つて１次鏡９の反射面１０や非反射面１１以外の
光学系内部からの不要な赤外線c1，c2の放射を受
ける。前記光学系内部から検出器３に達する赤外
線量は、前記光学系内部に赤外線放射分布がある
と１次鏡９と２次鏡１２の回転走査によつて検出
器３が見ている前記光学系内部の場所が変わるた
め変動する。また、前記光学系内部に赤外線放射
分布がなくても外界からの入射赤外線が検出器３
に入射する角度が走査によつて変化するため、外
界と光学系内部の温度が異なると検出器３に入射
する赤外線量が変化する。 Therefore, the detector 3 receives radiation of unnecessary infrared rays c 1 and c 2 from inside the optical system other than the reflective surface 10 and non-reflective surface 11 of the primary mirror 9 due to reflection from the secondary mirror 12 . If there is an infrared radiation distribution inside the optical system, the amount of infrared rays reaching the detector 3 from inside the optical system is determined by the rotational scanning of the primary mirror 9 and the secondary mirror 12. It fluctuates because the internal location changes. Furthermore, even if there is no infrared radiation distribution inside the optical system, incident infrared rays from the outside can be detected by the detector 3.
Since the angle at which the infrared rays enter the detector 3 changes depending on the scanning, the amount of infrared rays that enter the detector 3 changes if the outside world and the temperature inside the optical system differ.
さらに第２図は第１図に示した２次鏡１２と検
出器３の部分の詳細図で、１７はフード、１８は
モータ、１９はシヤフト、２０はフードの一部分
である。２次鏡１２はモータ１８のシヤフト１９
に取り付けられ回転軸走査するように構成されて
おり、２次鏡１２の外径の形状は通常回転軸１３
に平行な線に沿つてか、あるいは２次鏡１２の反
射面２０に垂直な線に沿つてカツトされている。
図において、２次鏡１２が180゜回転すると、フー
ドの一部分２０は検出器３から見ると２次鏡１２
によつて見え隠れする。フード１７はモータ１８
の発熱によつて温度分布を有する上、２次鏡１２
によつてフードの一部分２０から放射される赤外
線がチヨツピングを受けるため検出器３に入射す
る赤外線の量が２次鏡１２の走査と共に変化す
る。したがつて、従来の走査形光学系の構成方法
では赤外線放射の均一な視野を走査しても検出器
３の出力が変動し雑音となるため、装置の検出性
能が低下するという欠点があつた。 Furthermore, FIG. 2 is a detailed view of the secondary mirror 12 and the detector 3 shown in FIG. 1, in which 17 is a hood, 18 is a motor, 19 is a shaft, and 20 is a part of the hood. The secondary mirror 12 is connected to the shaft 19 of the motor 18.
The outer diameter of the secondary mirror 12 is usually attached to the rotation axis 13 and configured to scan the rotation axis.
The cut is made along a line parallel to or perpendicular to the reflective surface 20 of the secondary mirror 12.
In the figure, when the secondary mirror 12 is rotated 180 degrees, the portion 20 of the hood is visible from the secondary mirror 12 as seen from the detector 3.
appear and disappear depending on The hood 17 is the motor 18
The secondary mirror 12 has a temperature distribution due to the heat generated by the secondary mirror 12.
Since the infrared rays emitted from the hood portion 20 are subjected to chopping, the amount of infrared rays incident on the detector 3 changes as the secondary mirror 12 scans. Therefore, the conventional method of configuring a scanning optical system has the disadvantage that even if a uniform field of infrared radiation is scanned, the output of the detector 3 fluctuates and becomes noise, reducing the detection performance of the device. .
この発明はこれらの欠点を除去するために検出
器に最も近い走査光学部中に開口絞りを設けたも
ので、以下、図面によつて説明する。 In order to eliminate these drawbacks, the present invention provides an aperture stop in the scanning optical section closest to the detector, and will be explained below with reference to the drawings.
第３図はこの発明の一実施例であつて、１次鏡
９と２次鏡１２がこの光学系の走査光学部を構成
している。第４図は第３図に示した２次鏡１２を
回転軸１３方向に投影したときの図で、１５は非
反射面、１６は反射面である。ここで非反射面１
５は開口絞りの役割を果しており、検出器３の受
光面上の任意の点と前記開口絞りの開口部である
２次鏡１２の反射面１６とを結ぶ光線は全て１次
鏡９の反射面１０に当たるように１次鏡９の反射
面１０の大きさは充分確保されておりケラレがな
いようになつている。このようにすれば視野の端
及び視野の中心からの入射赤外線ａ，ｂの光束の
広がりは前記開口絞りの開口部によつてのみ制限
されていることになり、入射赤外線が検出器３の
受光面に入射する角度は走査によつて変化しない
上、光学系内部からの不要な赤外線も検出器は受
けない。 FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of the present invention, in which a primary mirror 9 and a secondary mirror 12 constitute a scanning optical section of this optical system. FIG. 4 is a diagram of the secondary mirror 12 shown in FIG. 3 projected in the direction of the rotation axis 13, where 15 is a non-reflective surface and 16 is a reflective surface. Here, non-reflective surface 1
5 plays the role of an aperture stop, and all light rays connecting any point on the light-receiving surface of the detector 3 and the reflecting surface 16 of the secondary mirror 12, which is the aperture of the aperture stop, are reflected by the primary mirror 9. The size of the reflective surface 10 of the primary mirror 9 is ensured to be sufficient so that it hits the surface 10, so that there is no vignetting. In this way, the spread of the incident infrared rays a and b from the edge of the field of view and the center of the field of view is limited only by the aperture of the aperture stop, and the incident infrared rays are received by the detector 3. The angle of incidence on the surface does not change due to scanning, and the detector does not receive unnecessary infrared rays from inside the optical system.
また第５図に示すように、検出器３の受光面を
含む平面と回転軸１３との交点から２次鏡１２の
外周部を見込む角度が回転軸１３に対して回転対
称になるように２次鏡１３の形状は構成されてい
るものとする。このとき前記交点からフード１７
を見る部分は２次鏡１２の回転走査によつて変化
することはない。 Furthermore, as shown in FIG. It is assumed that the shape of the secondary mirror 13 is configured. At this time, from the intersection point to the hood 17
The part viewed does not change due to rotational scanning of the secondary mirror 12.
したがつて検出器３の受光面の形状あるいは前
記開口絞りの形状が回転軸１３に対して回転対称
であると検出器３の受光面全体にわたつてみたと
きの検出器３へ集光される赤外線量は２次鏡１２
の回転走査によつて変化しない。 Therefore, if the shape of the light-receiving surface of the detector 3 or the shape of the aperture stop is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the rotation axis 13, the light will be focused on the detector 3 when viewed over the entire light-receiving surface of the detector 3. The amount of infrared rays is secondary mirror 12
does not change due to rotational scanning.
したがつて、この発明によれば検出器３へ集光
される赤外線量は２次鏡１２の回転走査によつて
変化しないから、赤外線放射の均一な視野を走査
すれば検出器３の出力も一定となり、検出性能の
優れた走査形光学系を構成できる利点がある。 Therefore, according to the present invention, since the amount of infrared light focused on the detector 3 does not change due to rotational scanning of the secondary mirror 12, the output of the detector 3 also changes if a uniform field of infrared radiation is scanned. This has the advantage of being able to constitute a scanning optical system with excellent detection performance.
なお、以上は２次鏡として傾けた反射鏡を用い
た走査光学部の場合について説明したが、ウエツ
ジ形裏面鏡を回転軸に垂直に配置した走査光学部
を用いた場合についてもこの発明を適用できる。
また１次鏡、２次鏡あるいはウエツジ裏面鏡の形
状は球面以外の曲面を用いてもよいことは言う迄
もない。 Although the above description has been made regarding the case of a scanning optical section that uses an inclined reflecting mirror as a secondary mirror, the present invention can also be applied to a case where a scanning optical section that uses a wedge-shaped back mirror arranged perpendicularly to the rotation axis is used. can.
It goes without saying that the primary mirror, secondary mirror, or wedge back mirror may have a curved surface other than a spherical surface.
また、以上は走査光学部が２つの場合について
説明したが、例えば視野をコニカル走査するため
に２次鏡のみを回転軸に対して傾けた単一の走査
光学部から成る走査形光学系の場合にも前記走査
光学部に対して今迄に述べてきたことを適用すれ
ば同様な効果を有することは言う迄もない。 In addition, although the case where there are two scanning optical sections has been described above, for example, in the case of a scanning optical system consisting of a single scanning optical section in which only the secondary mirror is tilted with respect to the rotation axis in order to perform conical scanning of the field of view. It goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained if what has been described so far is applied to the scanning optical section.
以上のように、この発明に係る走査形光学系の
構成方法では、検出器に最も近い第１の走査光学
部中に開口絞りを設けると共に、検出器の受光面
上の任意の点と開口絞りを結ぶ光線がレンズ枠等
によつてケラレのないように構成することによつ
て光学系内部の赤外線放射分布の影響を受けず、
かつ入射赤外線による検出器受光面上の赤外線量
も走査によつて変化しないようにできるため検出
性能の優れた光学系を実現できる効果を有する。 As described above, in the method for configuring a scanning optical system according to the present invention, an aperture stop is provided in the first scanning optical section closest to the detector, and an arbitrary point on the light-receiving surface of the detector is connected to the aperture stop. By configuring the light rays connecting them so that they are not vignetted by the lens frame, etc., they are not affected by the infrared radiation distribution inside the optical system.
Furthermore, since the amount of infrared rays on the detector light-receiving surface due to incident infrared rays can be prevented from changing due to scanning, it is possible to realize an optical system with excellent detection performance.
第１図は従来の走査形光学系の構成方法を示す
図、第２図は従来の光学系における２次鏡と検出
器の部分の詳細図、第３図はこの発明の一実施例
を示す構成図、第４図は第３図に示した光学系の
２次鏡を光軸方向へ投影した図、第５図は第３図
に示した光学系における２次鏡と検出器の部分の
詳細図である。
図中、３は検出器、９は１次鏡、１０は１次鏡
９の反射面、１１は１次鏡９の非反射面、１２は
２次鏡、１３は回転軸、１５は２次鏡１２の非反
射面、１６は２次鏡１２の反射面、１７はフー
ド、１８はモータ、１９はシヤフト、ａは視野の
端からの入射赤外線、ｂは視野の中心からの入射
赤外線、ｃは不要な赤外線である。なお、図中、
同一あるいは相当部分には同一符号を付して示し
てある。
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the construction method of a conventional scanning optical system, Fig. 2 is a detailed view of the secondary mirror and detector portion in the conventional optical system, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. The configuration diagram, Figure 4 is a diagram of the secondary mirror of the optical system shown in Figure 3 projected in the optical axis direction, and Figure 5 is a diagram of the secondary mirror and detector portion of the optical system shown in Figure 3. It is a detailed view. In the figure, 3 is the detector, 9 is the primary mirror, 10 is the reflective surface of the primary mirror 9, 11 is the non-reflective surface of the primary mirror 9, 12 is the secondary mirror, 13 is the rotation axis, and 15 is the secondary mirror. 16 is the reflective surface of the secondary mirror 12, 17 is the hood, 18 is the motor, 19 is the shaft, a is the incident infrared rays from the edge of the field of view, b is the incident infrared rays from the center of the field of view, c is unnecessary infrared radiation. In addition, in the figure,
Identical or equivalent parts are designated by the same reference numerals.
Claims (1)
と、視野を走査するための単一または複数の走査
光学部と、前記集光光学系によつて集光された赤
外線等を検出するための検出器と、開口を制限す
る開口絞りとを備えた走査形光学系において、前
記走査光学部のうち前記検出器に最も近い第１の
走査光学部中に開口絞りを設けると共に、前記検
出器の受光面上の任意の点から出射し、前記第１
の走査光学部に到達した光線のうち前記開口絞り
の開口部を経た光線がレンズ枠等によつてケラレ
ないように開口絞りの形状、寸法を設定し、かつ
前記第１の走査光学部に到達した光線の残りの部
分が前記第１の走査光学部を構成する非透過面で
あると同時に非反射面でもある面で遮断されるよ
うに前記第１の走査光学部を構成したことを特徴
とする走査形光学系の構成方法。 ２ 前記第１の走査光学部の回転軸と前記検出器
の受光面を含む平面との交点から出射した光線の
うち前記第１の走査光学部に到達した光線の集合
が前記回転軸に垂直な断面で作る形状が前記回転
軸を中心とする円となるように構成した特許請求
の範囲第１項記載の走査形光学系の構成方法。 ３ 前記検出器の受光面あるいは前記開口絞りの
開口部として前記第１の走査光学部の回転軸に対
して回転対称な形状のものを用いた特許請求の範
囲第１項記載の走査形光学系の構成方法。[Scope of Claims] 1. A condensing optical system composed of a lens, a reflecting mirror, etc., a single or multiple scanning optical section for scanning a field of view, and a condensing optical system comprising a lens, a reflecting mirror, etc.; In a scanning optical system equipped with a detector for detecting infrared rays, etc., and an aperture diaphragm for limiting an aperture, an aperture diaphragm is provided in a first scanning optical part closest to the detector among the scanning optical parts. is provided, and emits from any point on the light receiving surface of the detector, and the first
The shape and dimensions of the aperture diaphragm are set so that among the rays that have reached the first scanning optical section, the rays that have passed through the aperture of the aperture diaphragm are not eclipsed by a lens frame, etc., and reach the first scanning optical section. The first scanning optical section is configured such that the remaining part of the light beam is blocked by a surface that is a non-transmissive surface and a non-reflective surface constituting the first scanning optical section. How to configure a scanning optical system. 2. A set of light rays that reach the first scanning optical section among the light rays emitted from the intersection of the rotation axis of the first scanning optical section and a plane including the light-receiving surface of the detector are perpendicular to the rotation axis. 2. The method of configuring a scanning optical system according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape is a circle centered on the rotation axis. 3. The scanning optical system according to claim 1, wherein the light-receiving surface of the detector or the aperture of the aperture stop has a shape that is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the rotation axis of the first scanning optical section. How to configure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58054146A JPS59178425A (en) | 1983-03-30 | 1983-03-30 | Constituting method of scanning type optical system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58054146A JPS59178425A (en) | 1983-03-30 | 1983-03-30 | Constituting method of scanning type optical system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59178425A JPS59178425A (en) | 1984-10-09 |
| JPH0227646B2 true JPH0227646B2 (en) | 1990-06-19 |
Family
ID=12962415
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58054146A Granted JPS59178425A (en) | 1983-03-30 | 1983-03-30 | Constituting method of scanning type optical system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59178425A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6340851B2 (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2018-06-13 | 株式会社リコー | Object detection device and sensing device |
-
1983
- 1983-03-30 JP JP58054146A patent/JPS59178425A/en active Granted
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| THERMAL IMAGING SRSTEMS * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59178425A (en) | 1984-10-09 |
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