JPH0229283B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a digging machine for long root vegetables such as Japanese yam.

Since yam and the like are buried deep in the soil, digging them by hand is extremely troublesome, so various digging machines have been proposed.

As a conventional technique of this kind, for example, a digging plate that is inserted under the Japanese yam etc. is moved up and down by hydraulic pressure etc. to dig it out (Utility Model Application No. 160122/1983, Utility Model Application No. 160122/1986)
71116, Utility Model Application Publication No. 57-154928) are publicly known,
Also, excavation is carried out by passing a digging plate inclined forward downwards or to the side of Japanese yam, etc.
33-11835) is publicly known.

However, devices that move the excavation plate up and down using hydraulic pressure have a complex structure and require a highly rigid structure because extremely strong forces act on the excavation plate, and the excavation speed is extremely high. It's too late. In addition, the front downward slope excavation plate can be used for continuous digging, but its digging performance is not good enough.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an excavator that has a simple structure, enables high-speed continuous excavation, and exhibits extremely excellent excavation performance. Therefore, the feature is that the machine frame, which is towed by a vehicle such as a tractor, is equipped with a support that can penetrate deep into the soil, and the lower end of the support has a flat plate-shaped excavation that protrudes forward in the direction of travel. In an excavator having a raising plate, the flat excavating plate becomes higher than the tip as it goes from the tip to the rear end, and the angle of inclination of the tip and rear ends is higher than the front and rear sides. The point is that the inclination angle in the middle part between the ends is larger.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

What is shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is a first embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 represents a tractor and 2 represents an excavator. The excavator 2 is attached to the tractor 1 via a three-point linkage mechanism 3 installed at the rear of the tractor 1 so as to be able to move up and down.

The excavator 2 includes a machine frame 4, a support 5 provided on the machine frame 4 so as to be movable up and down, and an excavation plate 6 provided at the lower end of the support 5. .

The machine frame 4 has a pair of front and rear frames 7 and 8 that are horizontally installed in the left-right direction. Both ends of the front and rear frames 7, 8 are connected and fixed by left and right frames 9, 9. The left and right center portions of the front and rear frames 7 and 8 are connected and fixed by a center frame 10.
extends further rearward than the rear frame 8.

Left and right side plates 11 are further fixed to the left and right ends of the front frame 7, and a support cylinder 1 is attached to the lower part of the side frame 11.
2 are installed horizontally. The support tube 12 extends further outward from the left and right side plates 11, and a lower link attachment body 13 is fixed to both ends thereof. A pin 14 for connecting the lower link is provided protruding from the lower link mounting body 13, and a lower link 15 of the three-point link mechanism 3 is detachably pivotally connected to the pin 14.
Note that a leg mounting cylinder 16 is fixed to the lower link mounting body 13 in a vertical axis position.

Further, top masts 17 are erected in the shape of a triangular frame at both ends of the front frame 7. A top link 18 of the three-point linkage mechanism 3 is detachably pivotally connected to the upper end of the top mast 17.

Guide plates 19 are attached and fixed to the rear portion of the central frame 10 from both left and right sides. In the gap formed by the pair of left and right guide plates, guide rollers 20 are provided at four locations front and back, top and bottom. The guide roller 20 is rotatably supported by a pin 21 horizontally installed between the left and right guide plates 19. still,
A leg mounting cylinder 22 is fixed to the side surface of one guide plate 19.

In the gap between the guide plates 19 and between the front and rear guide rollers 20, a support body 5 having an L-shape in side view is inserted so as to be vertically movable. The support body 5 has a flat rectangular cross section. Vertical rod portion 5a of L-shaped support 5
Since the midway portion is slidably held by the guide plate 1 in the left-right direction and by the guide roller 20 in the front-back direction, the support body 5 does not wobble.

The vertical rod portion 5 projects upward from the guide plate 19
A bracket 23 is provided at the upper end of a to protrude rearward, and a bracket 24 is also provided on the guide plate 19 to protrude rearward.A cylinder end of a hydraulic cylinder 25 is pivotally connected to one bracket 24, and to the other. A piston end of the cylinder 25 is pivotally connected to the bracket 23. Hydraulic oil is supplied to this hydraulic cylinder 25 from the tractor 1.

At the lower end of the L-shaped vertical rod portion 5a, there is a horizontal rod portion 5.
b extends forward in a protruding manner, and this horizontal rod portion 5
A triangular plow 26 is fixed to the tip of b. A cross-sectional view of this plow 26 has a shape shown in FIG. 4, and sloped surfaces 26a are formed on the upper edges of both left and right sides. A digging plate 6 is connected to the rear edge of the plow 26 and extends rearward.

The digging plate 6 is provided above the horizontal rod part 5b, and the rear end of the digging plate 6 and the vertical rod part 5
A predetermined space is provided between a. This digging plate 6 is a band plate formed from a synthetic resin plate material. This digging plate 6 is provided with a reinforcing plate 27 that comes into contact with the lower surface and backing up the digging plate 6, and the reinforcing plate 27 has leg portions 28 erected from the horizontal rod portion 5b.
is fixed to.

The digging plate 6 has a smooth curve and gradually increases in height from its tip toward the rear. The inclination angle is as shown in Figure 3, with the inclination angle of the front part being α,
Letting the inclination angle of the middle part be β and the inclination angle of the rear part be γ, the relationship is set to be α<β, β>γ.

That is, this digging plate 6 is shaped so that the front part has a gentle curve, the middle part has a steep curve, and the rear part has a gentle curve.

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, the tractor 1
The lower link 1 is moved via the lift rod 31 in conjunction with the vertical movement of the lift arm 30 of the hydraulic system 29.
As the excavator 5 moves up and down, the excavator 2 can be raised and lowered via the three-point linkage mechanism 3. Moreover, since the support body 5 is configured to be movable up and down by the hydraulic cylinder 25, even if the support body 5 is long, the ground clearance of the excavator 2 can be set high, and it does not cause any trouble when running on the road. During the work, the excavation board 6 can be infiltrated deep into the soil.

That is, since long root vegetables such as Japanese yam are buried deep underground, it is necessary to increase the length of the support of the excavator. However, in the conventional type, the vertical movement of the support body relative to the machine frame was fixed, and the vertical movement depended solely on the vertical movement of the three-point linkage mechanism. However, since there is a limit to the vertical movement of the three-point linkage mechanism, there is also a limit to the length of its support. Therefore, the ground clearance of the excavator cannot be set high, and there is a limit to the depth to which the excavator can penetrate into the ground.

In contrast, in the embodiment of the present invention described above, the machine frame 4
The ground clearance itself is low, and the excavation depth is
It was possible to make it extremely deep at 1.2m.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention has a simpler structure than the conventional swing type.

Next, to explain the excavation work of the embodiment of the present invention, the lift arm 30 of the hydraulic device 29 is lowered to lower the entire excavator 2, and then the support body 5 is lowered by the hydraulic cylinder 25. , plow 2
The excavator 2 is towed by the tractor 1 while the excavator 6 and the excavator plate 6 are infiltrated into the soil.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the digging board 6 passes under the Japanese yam 32. At this time,
The digging board 6 is formed into a smooth curve that increases in height toward the rear, and is formed so that its front end is a gentle curve, the middle part is a sharp curve, and the rear end is a gentle curve. Therefore, the soil can be excavated extremely smoothly. That is, the soil is compressed at a sharp curve in the middle and decompressed at the rear thereof, so that the soil crushing performance of the soil becomes extremely good due to the change in the amount of compression.

The Japanese yam 32 dug up in this way is pulled out and harvested by a worker who is following behind the tractor 1. During this pulling, the soil around the yam 32 is crushed, so it can be pulled out smoothly.

On the other hand, with conventional inclined excavation plates, the angle of inclination is constant or gradually steepens, so the soil is only compressed and heaped up, resulting in poor soil crushability and high running resistance. It was hot.

However, in the embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned problem was solved because the digging plate 6 was formed into a special curve to vary the amount of compression.

What is shown in FIG. 5 is a second embodiment of the present invention, in which a guide plate 19 is pivotally connected to the machine frame 4 so as to be vertically movable, and this vertical movement is controlled by a hydraulic cylinder 3.
3. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

According to the second embodiment, by rotating the guide plate 19 using the hydraulic cylinder 33, the angle at which the digging plate 6 penetrates into the soil can be changed. Therefore, optimal digging can be achieved by changing the angle depending on the soil quality.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.

According to the present invention, the structure is simple and long root vegetables can be dug up smoothly due to the soil crushing effect caused by changes in the amount of soil compaction.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a partially sectional side view showing the first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view thereof, Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing the digging state, Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the plow, and Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the plow. The figure is a side view showing a second embodiment of the present invention. 1... Tractor, 2... Excavator, 4... Machine frame,
5... Support body, 6... Excavation board.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. On the machine frame to be towed by a vehicle such as a tractor,
In an excavator that is provided with a support that can penetrate deep into the soil and has a flat digging plate protruding forward in the direction of movement at the lower end of the support, the flat digging plate 6 extends from the tip. It is characterized in that it becomes higher toward the rear end than the tip, and the inclination angle β at the midway point between the front and rear ends is larger than the inclination angle α at the front end and the inclination angle γ at the rear end. Excavator.