JPH0229305B2 - SEICHASOJUHOHOOYOBISEICHAARAMOMIKI - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a novel tea manufacturing method and tea processing machine. The purpose of the present invention is, firstly, to make it possible to carry out a rough rolling operation with a significantly smaller amount of hot air supplied, thereby reducing the amount of heavy oil and gas required to generate hot air, thereby achieving so-called energy saving. The aim is to obtain higher quality tea by changing the rough rolling operation from the conventional simple hot air drying method to a high humidity and high temperature method. The rough rolling process of tea manufacturing has the significance of gradually drying the tea leaves steamed in the previous process with hot air while compressing or stirring them in a rolling chamber until the residual water content in the tea leaves reaches approximately 50%.During the operation, It is important to keep the leaf temperature around 36 to 37 degrees Celsius, avoid over-drying, and dry as consistently as possible. Failure to do so will result in yellowing of the leaf color, fine powder formation, etc.
This results in quality deterioration such as generation of grassy smell or stuffy smell. By the way, the conventional rough kneading operation has been carried out using a rough kneader a as shown in FIG. That is, in the conventional rough kneading machine a, the entire upper surface (ceiling) of the kneading and drying room B is open as an exhaust port c, and hot air e is blown from the air inlet d formed in the rear wall of the kneading and drying room b.
After coming into contact with the tea leaves in the drying room b and removing moisture from the tea leaves, the tea leaves are discharged directly from the exhaust port c to the outside of the machine. Therefore, a large amount of dry hot air e is always supplied from the hot air generator. For example, in the standard usage of a drying room b with a volume of 3 m ³ (nominal 120K type roughing machine), the hot air e is As shown in the box in the figure, initially the temperature at 110°C was increased to 180°C.
m ³ /min, and also at the end of the process 80°C at a rate of 110 m ³ /min. However, even if such a large amount of hot air e is constantly supplied to the drying room b, not all of the hot air e is used to dry the tea leaves without waste. for example,
We put 150 kg of tea leaves into the 120K type rough rolling machine mentioned above, performed a rough rolling operation to reduce the moisture content of the tea leaves from about 78% to 47% in 40 minutes, and calculated from the amount of heavy oil consumed by the hot air generator at that time. Comparing the amount of heat supplied and the amount of heat that actually acts to evaporate water, that is, the amount of reduced water multiplied by the heat of evaporation of water per unit amount, we find that The amount of heat that effectively acted was approximately 35% of the amount of heat of the supplied hot air. If you look at these experimental values, it will be clear how poor the thermal efficiency is in the conventional method, that is, there is a lot of waste in terms of energy. Apart from this problem of energy waste, drying using the conventional method described above is just "hot air drying".
Naturally, the larger the amount of hot air e, the better the drying will be, and this will eventually significantly accelerate the drying of only the surface of the tea leaves, leading to the so-called "over-drying" phenomenon, which will cause the leaves to dry. causing surface hardening,
The hot air becomes a poor conductor of heat inside the leaf, impeding the diffusion of moisture inside the leaf and transpiration from the surface, causing the leaf temperature to rise abnormally, resulting in the above-mentioned problems such as powdering, yellowing, and stuffiness. This drying method tends to cause Conventionally, these points were overlooked, but after several experiments, the inventors of the present application focused on the above-mentioned disadvantages and succeeded in suppressing the hot air discharge in the drying room b to some extent. In other words, the inventors have discovered the advantage of carrying out rough kneading operations while keeping the inside of the kneading drying room b at high humidity and at a certain high temperature, and have also achieved the inventions of the present application with the aim of significantly reducing the required amount of hot air, that is, saving energy. It is something. The details of each invention of the present application will be explained below. First, the invention of the tea processing machine was to form a rolling and drying room so that it is a nearly closed space during operation except for the hot air inlet and the hot air outlet, and the hot air outlet has a switch that switches the destination of exhaust gas between the outside of the machine and the hot air generator. A damper is installed, an atmospheric humidity detector is placed in the upper space of the rolling drying chamber, and a tea leaf temperature detector is placed at the bottom of the rolling chamber. An example of this is shown in Fig. 2. . In the figure, 1 is a tea processing machine and 2 is a hot air generator.
3 is a frame of a tea processing machine;
A kneading cylinder 4 and a main shaft drive section 5 are placed on top.
The rolling barrel 4 has a gutter-like shape with both ends closed, and has a take-out port 6 that can be opened and closed at the lower part of the front side for taking out the tea leaves after rough rolling, and a tea leaf temperature detector 7 at the bottom of the rolling machine. ing. A main shaft 8 driven by the driving section 5 passes through the center of the kneading drum 4, and a large number of kneading hands 9, 9, . . . and dredging hands 10, 1 are mounted on the shaft 8.
0, . . . are provided protrudingly. Reference numeral 11 denotes a stirring chamber connected to the rolling barrel 4, and an input port 12 that can be opened and closed for inputting steamed tea leaves is provided on the front side.
Moreover, a hot air blowing port 13 is opened on the rear surface. 14 is a hood that covers the upper opening of the stirring chamber 11, and a hot air outlet 15 is opened in the center of the hood. The hood 14, the stirring chamber 11, and the kneading barrel 4
A rolling drying room 16 is configured by the rolling drying room 16.
Except for the hot air inlet 13 and the hot air outlet 15, the space is substantially closed during operation. An atmospheric humidity detector 1 is installed in the upper space of the drying room 16.
7 is arranged, and a wire mesh 18 is stretched between the agitation chamber 11 and the hood 14. Reference numeral 19 denotes a switching damper attached to the hot air outlet 15, which has two branched outlets 20 and 21, and its passage can be switched by an appropriate driving means such as a motor or a solenoid. One of the branch outlets 20 is a return outlet, and is connected to a hot air return port 23 of the hot air generator 2 through a return tube 22 . Also,
The other branch outlet 21 is an external exhaust port, and the hot air coming out of the exhaust port 21 is discharged outdoors as is or after passing through a processing device or the like. 24 is an outside air intake port of the hot air generator 2, and in this embodiment, a damper 25 is also provided at the intake port 24.
is provided. Therefore, the passage of the switching damper 19 is the return outlet 2.
When it is set to the 0 side, the outside air intake damper 24 of the hot air generator 2 is also closed, and the hot air 26 coming out of the hot air generator 2 passes through the hot air guide 27 located behind the roughing machine 1. , hot air is blown into the drying chamber 16 from the hot air blowing port 13. Then, the tea leaves are pressed and kneaded by the rotating kneading hands 9, 9, . . . and are also stirred upward by the dredges 10, 10, . The hot air 26 whose temperature has decreased by taking away the
2. The hot air passes through the hot air return port 23, is heated again by the hot air generator 2, and the above-mentioned circulation is repeated. In this case, the burner 28 of the hot air generator 2 is controlled by a burner controller (not shown) so that the temperature of the hot air at the hot air generator outlet 29 becomes a predetermined value (varies depending on the progress of the process...described later). There is. The tea leaf roughening process proceeds under such hot air 26 circulation, and the atmospheric humidity and tea leaf temperature in the rolling drying chamber 16 during the process are determined by the atmospheric humidity detector 17 and the tea leaf temperature detector, respectively. If the detected value exceeds a predetermined limit value (varies depending on the progress of the process...described later), the switching damper 19 is operated to connect that passage to the external exhaust port 2.
1 side, and open the hot air generator 2 outside air intake damper 24. This allows fresh air 3
0 is blown into the drying chamber 16 through the hot air generator 2, and hot air 2 containing moisture is blown from the external exhaust port 21.
6' is being ejected. In this way, when some or all of the hot air is exchanged and the atmospheric humidity and tea leaf temperature in the kneading/drying chamber 16 fall to the permissible values, the passage of the switching damper 19 is switched to the return outlet 20 side, and the hot air generator outside air is replaced. The intake damper 24 is closed, and the hot air 26 repeats circulation between the roughing machine 1 and the hot air generator 2 again. Note that when the damper plate 31 of the switching damper 19 is placed at an intermediate position, the hot air is circulated and discharged to the outside of the machine at the same time. Furthermore, the opening degree of the hot air generator outside air intake damper 25 can be adjusted to control the amount of outside air 30 flowing in per unit time (hot air replacement amount). Next, the invention of the tea manufacturing and rough rolling method will be explained. In the tea rough rolling method of the present invention, hot air in the room for rolling drying is normally returned and circulated to a hot air generator, and all or a part of the hot air is replaced with new hot air at appropriate times to reduce the atmospheric humidity in the room for rolling drying or for tea leaves. The present invention is characterized in that rough rolling is performed while adjusting the temperature to a predetermined target value, and the details will be explained by taking as an example the case where the present invention is implemented using the above-mentioned tea manufacturing and rough rolling machine 1. First, the input port 12 of the tea processing machine 1 is opened, and the tea leaves steamed in the previous step are introduced into the rolling and drying chamber 16. Then, start the fan 32 and burner 28,
The main shaft 8 is driven to start tea manufacturing and rough rolling. Conventionally, during this tea manufacturing and rough rolling process, the hot air supplied into the rolling and drying chamber 16 was directly discharged to the outside of the machine from the exhaust port (Fig. 1c), but in the present invention, as described above, the hot air is Hot air is circulated between the chamber 16 and the hot air generator 2 during normal times. Then, one or both of the tea leaf temperature and the atmospheric humidity detected by the tea leaf temperature detector 7 placed at the bottom of the rolling barrel 4 and the rolling/drying room atmospheric humidity detector 17 placed in the upper space of the rolling/drying chamber 16 is used as a barometer. The switching damper 19 is installed at appropriate times so that these values approach the desired values, and the air flow from the hot air generator 2 to the drying room 16 is
Introduce new hot air inside. It is difficult to say in general what the target value for controlling tea leaf temperature and/or atmospheric humidity should be. This is because the quality of tea leaves changes depending on the variety, region of production, weather, time of picking, etc., and there are many things that cannot be determined without seeing the finished product. Therefore, in the standard rough rolling process, the control target values such as tea leaf temperature, etc., which the inventors have determined to be preferable, and their transition status will be explained here with reference to FIG. In other words, in a standard rough rolling process, the first 10 minutes are the leaf beating, the next 22 minutes are the first rolling, and the last 8 minutes are the second rolling.
It is said to be a rubbing process, which takes about 78% of the original amount in a total of 40 minutes.
This method reduces the moisture content of warm tea leaves to about 47% and also massages the tea leaves. Therefore, the moisture content can be reduced to 47 without over-drying the tea leaves.
%, if the atmospheric humidity in the rolling drying chamber 16 is used as a barometer, it is preferable to keep the atmospheric humidity lower than the water content of the tea leaves by a predetermined value. In FIG. 3, graph A, which descends in a stepwise manner, shows the transition of the target value. Note that graph A' shows the limit value. In addition, when using the tea leaf temperature as a barometer, it is preferable to use a barometer centered around 36°C as shown in graph B in Figure 3. In this case, there is a tendency for the temperature of the tea leaves to drop temporarily for a while after the start of rough rolling due to significant evaporation of water adhering to the surface of the tea leaves, and on the contrary, the temperature of the tea leaves to rise at the end of the process. Therefore, it is good to take this into consideration when determining the target value. Note that the temperature and flow rate of the hot air 26 supplied to the rolling drying room 16 need to be adjusted depending on the temperature, humidity, etc., but as shown in Figure 3, the temperature and flow rate of the hot air 26 supplied to the rolling drying room 16 is 100°C during leaf beating.
A rough guideline is 70 m ³ /min, 50 m ³ /min at 90°C during the first rolling, and 40 m ³ /min at 70°C during the second rolling.
This value is much smaller than that of the conventional method shown in boxes in the figure, and it can be seen that the total amount of energy required is significantly smaller. Above, we have explained the control target values for the humidity in the rolling drying room and the temperature of tea leaves in the tea rough rolling method of the present invention, but when implementing the tea rough rolling method of the present invention,
One of these may be used as a barometer and the hot air 26 in the drying chamber 16 may be replaced, or both may be used as barometers. That is, the atmospheric humidity in the drying room 16 is constantly detected by the atmospheric humidity detector 17, and when the humidity exceeds a predetermined target value (the target value also changes with time), a drive means such as a damper motor is activated. The switching damper 19 may be switched to the outside exhaust port 21 side by driving the switch damper 19 to send in new hot air 26 from the hot air generator 2. Alternatively, the tea leaf temperature may be detected by the tea leaf temperature detector 7 and the tea leaf temperature may be detected. When the temperature exceeds a predetermined value, the hot air 26 may be replaced by performing a similar operation, or alternatively, both the humidity in the rolling drying room and the temperature of tea leaves may be monitored and either of them exceeds a predetermined value. At this point, the hot air may be replaced by performing a similar operation. Furthermore, when replacing these hot air 26, it is not necessary to replace all of the hot air.
If the humidity in the drying chamber 16 can be brought close to a predetermined target value, part of the chamber may be replaced. As a method for partially replacing the damper, for example, limiting the amount of time that the passage of the switching damper 19 is left on the side of the external exhaust port 21, or keeping the switching damper 19 in the middle of the position of the damper plate 31 and replacing the damper and circulation in parallel, or hot air generator 2 outside air intake damper 2
One possibility is to narrow down the number to 4. In addition, the passage of the switching damper 19 is connected to the return outlet 20.
Regarding the timing of switching to the side, if the atmospheric humidity detector 17 and tea leaf temperature detector 7 have good responsiveness and can sensitively detect changes in humidity and tea leaf temperature while changing the hot air 26, these values When it reaches the target value, the passage of the switching damper 19 may be switched to the return outlet 20 side. However, if the response of these detectors 7 and 17 is poor, if the passage of the switching damper 19 is placed on the outside exhaust port 21 side until the reading reaches the target value, hot air inside the drying chamber 16 will be generated more than necessary. If they are replaced, the atmospheric humidity will drop too much and energy will be wasted. Therefore, in such a case, it is preferable to limit the amount of exchanged air by, for example, using a timer or the like to move the passage of the switching damper 19 to the outside exhaust port 21 side for a certain period of time. Although the details of the invention of the tea roughening method of the present application have been explained above, it goes without saying that this method can be carried out manually by an operator while monitoring each detector, but it can also be carried out using a so-called microcomputer. can. An example is shown below. In this example, both atmospheric humidity and tea leaf temperature were used as barometers, but it is believed that it is easy to understand from this example that one of them is used as a barometer. Figure 4 shows its block diagram. In the figure, HS is a kneading room atmospheric humidity detector, and TS is a tea leaf temperature detector. These detectors HS and TS are humidity,
Either one that outputs the temperature as a numerical value or one that makes and breaks contacts at a predetermined humidity or temperature is used. CPU is a central processing unit, ROM is read-only memory,
RAM is a random access memory, DDM is a switching damper 19 drive mechanism, and an appropriate drive means such as a motor or solenoid is used. Therefore, the memory ROM contains a target value program that shows the transition state of the tea leaf temperature that should be managed as shown in graph A of Figure 3, and a target value program that shows the transition state of the tea leaf temperature that should be managed as shown in graph B of the same figure. A target value program indicating the following and an operation program as shown below are written, and the hot air in the drying chamber 16 is replaced in accordance with these programs. (B) Read the humidity and tea leaf temperature in the rolling drying room to RAM (B) Read the target value of the humidity and tea leaf temperature in the rolling drying room at the relevant time from the ROM (C) Read the humidity and temperature in (B) into the RAM. )). (d) If the humidity and temperature in (b) are both lower than their respective target values, return to step (b). (e) If it is higher than the target value, issue an operation command to the mechanism DDM for exchanging heated air in the rolling drying room (f) Load the atmospheric humidity and tea leaf temperature in the rolling drying room into the ROM (g). Compare with each target value in (B). (H) If the humidity or temperature in (F) is higher than the respective target value, return to step (F). If it is lower than the target value, issue a command to stop the operation of the mechanism DDM in (E) (J) Return to step (B) In this way, the invention of the tea roughening method of the present application is carried out using a so-called microcomputer. You can also. Finally, a control circuit for the tea processing and rolling machine for carrying out such tea processing and rolling will be described. The circuit is shown in FIG. In the figure, Ch is the atmospheric humidity detector 1 placed in the upper part of the drying room 16 in Figure 2.
When the atmospheric humidity is lower than a predetermined value, the contact Ch contacts the contact l, and when it is higher, the contact Ch contacts the contact h.
Similarly, Ct is a contact of the tea leaf temperature detector 7 placed at the bottom of the rolling barrel 4, and when the tea leaf temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature, the contact Ct is connected to the contact point l.
In addition, when the tea leaf temperature is higher than the predetermined value, contact h
come into contact with. _X1 is a first relay, which is connected to the contact h of the atmospheric humidity detector 17.
Similarly, the _second relay
The third relay _X3 is connected to the contact h of the tea leaf temperature detector 7, and the fourth relay _X4 is connected to the contact l of the tea leaf temperature detector 7.
X ₄ a is the 4th relay X ₄ make contact, X ₃ b is the 3rd
break contact of relay X ₃ , X ₂ a is the second relay
X ₂ make contact, X ₃ a make contact of third relay X ₃ , X ₄ b break contact of fourth relay X ₄ ,
And X ₁ a is the make contact of the first relay X ₁ . When the DMS drives the switching damper 19, it is a damper motor. Then, contacts X ₃ b and X ₂ a are connected in series, and contact X ₄ a is connected in parallel to this, so that the passage of the switching damper 19 of the damper motor DMS is directed toward the return outlet 20 side. It is connected to terminal c on the side where the motor rotates.
In addition, contacts X ₄ b and X ₁ b are connected in series, and contact X ₃ a is connected in parallel, and these are arranged in a direction in which the passage of the switching damper 19 of the damper motor DMS is on the outside exhaust port 21 side. is connected to terminal e on the side where the motor rotates. The rotational motion is shown in the table below. For example, as shown in condition B, the tea leaf temperature is limited.

[Table] If the ambient humidity exceeds the limit and the indoor atmospheric humidity does not exceed the limit, the first relay X ₁ turns OFF, and the second relay
X ₂ ON, 3rd relay X ₃ ON, 4th relay
X ₄ OFF, thus the contact X ₃ a closes, and the damper motor DMS rotates in the direction in which the passage of the switching damper 19 is on the external exhaust port 21 side. Although it is not preferable for the tea leaf temperature to exceed a predetermined limit value, even if the atmospheric humidity slightly exceeds the limit value, this does not necessarily have a direct negative effect on the quality of the tea. Therefore, in this tea processing machine control circuit, as shown in conditions B and C in the table above, when the tea leaf temperature exceeds the limit value, the switching damper 1 is
The hot air 26 inside the drying chamber 16 is replaced with the passage No. 9 facing the external exhaust port 21. However, as long as the tea leaf temperature does not exceed the limit value, even if the atmospheric humidity of the drying chamber exceeds the limit value, the switching damper will not work. The passage 19 is located on the side of the return outlet 20 to further save energy. Incidentally, as in the embodiment of the invention of the tea processing machine described above, an intake damper 25 may be installed at the outside air intake port 24 of the hot air generator 2, and the damper 25 may be linked with the switching damper 19. In this case, the outside air intake damper drive motor DMI is connected in parallel with the switching damper drive motor DMS, as shown by the broken line in FIG. Note that the terminal c of the damper drive motor DMS indicates the closing side terminal, and the terminal o indicates the open side terminal. As described above, in each of the inventions of the present application, indoor hot air for rolling drying is circulated back to the hot air generator during normal times, and all or part of the hot air is replaced with new hot air at appropriate times to reduce the indoor atmospheric humidity or tea leaves for rolling drying. Since rough rolling is performed while adjusting the temperature to a predetermined target value, according to the present invention, the hot air is not effectively utilized for drying the tea leaves and is discharged outside the machine, unlike in conventional rough rolling. There is no waste of energy, and there is no need to blow dry hot air on the tea leaves, which causes overdrying of the tea leaves, making it possible to obtain higher quality tea. Furthermore, by circulating the hot air back to the hot air generator, it becomes possible to more accurately control the temperature of the hot air in the drying room.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway front view showing an example of a conventional tea processing machine, Fig. 2 is a partially cutaway front view showing an example of the implementation of the tea processing machine of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is an atmosphere during the tea processing process. Management target values for humidity and tea leaf temperature,
Diagram showing changes in temperature and flow rate of hot air supplied,
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a so-called microcomputer for implementing the tea manufacturing and roughing method of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the implementation of a tea manufacturing and roughing machine control circuit for implementing the tea manufacturing and roughing method of the present invention. It is. Explanation of symbols, 1...Tea milling machine, 2...Hot air generator, 7...Tea leaf temperature detector, 13...Hot air inlet, 15...Hot air outlet, 16...Kneading and drying room, 17...
...Ambient humidity detector, 19...Switching damper, 2
0... Return exit, 21... External exhaust port, 26...
Hot air.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. During normal times, hot air in the rolling drying room is circulated back to the hot air generator, and all or part of the hot air is replaced with new hot air at appropriate times to maintain the atmospheric humidity or tea leaf temperature in the rolling drying room. A tea processing method characterized by performing rough rolling while adjusting to a predetermined target value. 2. The tea manufacturing and rough rolling method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot air in the rolling and drying room is replaced when the atmospheric humidity in the rolling and drying room exceeds a predetermined limit value. 3. The tea manufacturing and rough rolling method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot air in the rolling and drying room is replaced when the temperature of the tea leaves exceeds a predetermined limit value. 4. The tea manufacturing and rough rolling method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot air in the rolling and drying room is replaced when either the atmospheric humidity or the tea leaf temperature in the rolling and drying room exceeds a predetermined limit value. 5. Claim No. 5, characterized in that a target value program indicating the transition state of the atmospheric humidity in the rolling drying room to be controlled is stored in advance in a computer, and hot air in the rolling drying room is replaced in the following steps. The tea manufacturing method described in item 1. (B) Read the atmospheric humidity in the drying room (B) Read out the target value at the relevant time (C) Compare the humidity in (B) with the target value in (B) (D) The humidity in (B) is (B) If the humidity in (a) is lower than the target value, return to step (a). Take out (f) Read the humidity of the room air (g) Compare the humidity in (f) with the target value in (b) (ch) If the humidity in (f) is higher than the target value in (b), Return to step ) (li) If the humidity in (f) is lower than the target value in (b), issue an operation cancellation command to the mechanism in (e) (n) Return to step (b). 6. Claim 1, characterized in that a target value program indicating the transition state of the tea leaf temperature to be managed is stored in advance in a computer, and the hot air for rolling and drying is replaced in the following steps. The method of rough rolling of tea. (B) Read the tea leaf temperature (B) Read the target value at the relevant time (C) Compare the temperature in (B) with the target value in (B) (D) The temperature in (B) is the target value in (B) If the temperature is lower, return to step (a). (e) If the temperature in (a) is higher than the target value in (b), issue an operation command to the mechanism for exchanging hot air in the room for rolling and drying (f) tea leaves. Read the temperature (g) Compare the temperature in (f) with the target value in (b) (ch) If the temperature in (f) is higher than the target value in (b), return to step (f) (li) When the temperature in (f) is lower than the target value in (b), an operation cancellation command is issued to the mechanism in (e). 7. Storing a target value program indicating the transition state of the room atmospheric humidity that should be controlled and a target value program indicating the transition state of the tea leaf temperature that should be controlled in the computer in advance, and carrying out the rolling drying process using the following steps. The method for manufacturing and roughening tea according to claim 1, characterized in that indoor hot air is replaced. (b) Read the atmospheric humidity and tea leaf temperature in the rolling drying room (b) Read out the target value of the rolling drying room atmospheric humidity and tea leaf temperature at the relevant time (c) The humidity and temperature in (b) are read out. Compare with the respective target values (d) If both the humidity and temperature in (a) are lower than the respective target values, return to step (a) (e) The humidity or temperature in (a) is the respective target value If the temperature is higher than that, issue an operation command to the mechanism for exchanging hot air in the rolling drying room (f) Read the atmospheric humidity and tea leaf temperature in the rolling drying room (g) Compare with the target value of (H) If the humidity or temperature of (F) is higher than the respective target value, return to step (F). If it is low, issue a command to cancel the operation to the mechanism in (E). (J) Return to step (B). 8 A drying room is formed so that it is a nearly closed space during operation, except for the hot air inlet and the hot air outlet, and a switching damper is installed at the hot air outlet to switch the destination of exhaust air between outside the machine and the hot air generator. A tea processing machine characterized in that an atmospheric humidity detector is disposed in the upper space of the chamber, and a tea leaf temperature detector is disposed at the bottom of the milling and drying chamber.