JPH0231776B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0231776B2 JPH0231776B2 JP58192815A JP19281583A JPH0231776B2 JP H0231776 B2 JPH0231776 B2 JP H0231776B2 JP 58192815 A JP58192815 A JP 58192815A JP 19281583 A JP19281583 A JP 19281583A JP H0231776 B2 JPH0231776 B2 JP H0231776B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- intake
- flow
- inlet passage
- generation chamber
- swirling flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B31/00—Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder
- F02B31/04—Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder by means within the induction channel, e.g. deflectors
- F02B31/042—Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder by means within the induction channel, e.g. deflectors induction channel having a helical shape around the intake valve axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
- F02F2001/247—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated in parallel with the cylinder axis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、４サイクルエンジンの吸気ポートの
技術分野に属し、吸気ポートから燃焼室に吸入し
た吸気を燃焼室内で旋回させるようにしたものに
関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention belongs to the technical field of intake ports for four-cycle engines, and relates to an engine in which intake air taken into a combustion chamber from an intake port is swirled within the combustion chamber.
従来、この種の例としては第８図及び第９図に
示すもの（特公昭52−12845号公報）がある。 Conventionally, examples of this type include those shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-12845).
これは吸気入口路１０から吸入した空気の大部
分を燃焼室６に接線方向に吸入して旋回させて旋
回流A′を形成するとともに、吸気ポートの吸気
の一部を上記旋回流A′の旋回方向とは逆向きに
燃焼室６に吸入し、この反転流B′と旋回流A′と
を燃焼室５で衝突させて燃焼室５に乱流を形成す
ることにより、燃焼室５の燃料の撹拌混合を行な
うようになつている。 This is done by sucking most of the air taken in from the intake inlet passage 10 into the combustion chamber 6 in a tangential direction and swirling it to form a swirling flow A'. The fuel in the combustion chamber 5 is inhaled into the combustion chamber 6 in the opposite direction to the swirling direction, and the reversed flow B' and the swirling flow A' collide in the combustion chamber 5 to form a turbulent flow in the combustion chamber 5. It is designed to perform stirring and mixing.
ところが、こうしたものでは燃焼室で形成され
た旋回流が反転流と衝突して旋回力が弱められて
しまい燃焼室での燃料の撹拌混合を充分に高める
ことができないという問題があつた。 However, in these devices, the swirling flow formed in the combustion chamber collides with the reversed flow and the swirling force is weakened, so that the agitation and mixing of the fuel in the combustion chamber cannot be sufficiently enhanced.
本発明は上記問題を解決するために提案された
もので例えば第１図乃至第７図に示すように、吸
気入口路１０の終端部を旋回流発生室１１に接線
状に連通し、旋回流発生室１１の下端面に吸気出
口１２を明け、吸気を吸気入口路１０から旋回流
発生室１１に流入させて旋回させた後、吸気出口
１２から燃焼室５に旋回流として流入させ、吸気
を吸気入口路１０から旋回流発生室１１の軸心Ｃ
よりも吸気の順流側空間１５に案内する主流案内
片１３を、吸気入口路１０の周壁面のうち旋回流
発生室１１の軸心Ｃに近い吸気の内回り側面１０
ａの終端側の上寄り部１０ｂから旋回流発生室１
１の順流空間１５に突入させ、かつ、吸気を吸気
入口路１０から旋回流発生室１１の軸心Ｃよりも
吸気の反転流側空間１６に案内する分流案内面１
４を、吸気入口路１０の内回り側面１０ａの終端
側の下寄り部１０ｃから、旋回流発生室１１の軸
心Ｃよりも反転流側空間１６に向つて次第に後退
してゆく突曲面状に形成するようにしたものであ
る。 The present invention has been proposed to solve the above problems, and as shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, for example, the terminal end of the intake inlet passage 10 is tangentially connected to the swirling flow generating chamber 11, and the swirling flow is An intake outlet 12 is provided in the lower end surface of the generation chamber 11, and the intake air is caused to flow into the swirling flow generation chamber 11 from the intake inlet passage 10 and swirled, and then flowed into the combustion chamber 5 from the intake outlet 12 as a swirling flow, thereby causing the intake air to flow into the combustion chamber 5 as a swirling flow. From the intake inlet passage 10 to the axis C of the swirling flow generation chamber 11
The main flow guide piece 13 that guides the intake air to the upstream space 15 is moved to the inner side surface 10 of the intake air that is closer to the axis C of the swirling flow generation chamber 11 among the peripheral wall surfaces of the intake inlet passage 10.
swirling flow generation chamber 1 from the upper part 10b on the terminal side of a
1, and guides the intake air from the intake inlet passage 10 to the reverse flow side space 16 of the intake air from the axis C of the swirling flow generation chamber 11.
4 is formed into a convex curved shape that gradually recedes from the lower end portion 10c of the inner side surface 10a of the intake inlet passage 10 toward the reverse flow side space 16 than the axis C of the swirling flow generation chamber 11. It was designed to do so.
本発明は、上記のように構成されるので次の効
果を奏する。 Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.
即ち、第４図に示すように吸気入口路１０を流
れる吸気のうち、吸気入口路１０の上部を流れる
主流Ａは主流案内片１３で案内されて順流側空間
１５を通つて旋回流発生室１１に流入し、旋回流
発生室１１で旋回した後吸気出口１２から燃焼室
５に吸入されて、燃焼室５内で大きな旋回流を形
成する。 That is, as shown in FIG. 4, among the intake air flowing through the intake inlet passage 10, the mainstream A flowing in the upper part of the intake inlet passage 10 is guided by the mainstream guide piece 13, passes through the downstream space 15, and enters the swirling flow generation chamber 11. The air flows into the combustion chamber 5, swirls in the swirl flow generation chamber 11, and is then sucked into the combustion chamber 5 through the intake outlet 12, forming a large swirl flow within the combustion chamber 5.
一方、第５図に示すように、吸気入口路１０を
流れる吸気のうち、吸気入口路１０の底部を流れ
る分流Ｂは分流案内面１４で反転流側空間１６に
向けて案内されて、吸気出口１２から燃焼室５に
吸入されようとする。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5, among the intake air flowing through the intake inlet passage 10, the branch flow B flowing at the bottom of the intake inlet passage 10 is guided by the branch flow guide surface 14 toward the reverse flow side space 16, and is guided toward the intake air outlet. 12 into the combustion chamber 5.
この時、第６図に示すように、分流案内面１４
で反転流側空間１６に向けて案内された分流Ｂ
は、燃焼室４に流入する前に吸気弁９の上側位置
で、反転流側空間１６を流れる主流Ａに衝突して
巻込まれ、第７図に示すように、小さい渦を発生
しながら、この小さい渦を伴つて主流Ａが接線状
に燃焼室５に吸入され、燃焼室５内で旋回流とし
て形成される。 At this time, as shown in FIG.
The branch flow B guided toward the reverse flow side space 16 at
Before flowing into the combustion chamber 4, it collides with the main flow A flowing in the reverse flow side space 16 at the upper position of the intake valve 9 and is drawn in, and as shown in FIG. The main flow A is tangentially drawn into the combustion chamber 5 with a small vortex and is formed as a swirling flow within the combustion chamber 5 .
これにより、従来例のように燃焼室５内で旋回
流と反転流とが衝突して燃焼室５内における旋回
流の旋回力を減衰させるということが無くなり、
燃焼室５内で強力な旋回流を形成して、この旋回
流で燃料を充分に撹拌混合して燃焼性能を向上さ
せることができる。 This eliminates the possibility that the swirling flow and the reversed flow collide within the combustion chamber 5 and attenuate the swirling force of the swirling flow within the combustion chamber 5, as in the conventional example.
A strong swirling flow is formed within the combustion chamber 5, and the swirling flow sufficiently stirs and mixes the fuel, thereby improving combustion performance.
加えて、本発明の吸気ポートは、吸気入口路の
終端寄り部の上半部に主流案内片を、下半部に分
流案内面を形成するだけの簡単な構造で済み安価
に実施することができる。 In addition, the intake port of the present invention has a simple structure in which the main flow guide piece is formed in the upper half of the end near the end of the intake inlet passage, and the branch flow guide surface is formed in the lower half, and it can be implemented at low cost. can.
以下、本発明の一実施例を図面に基づき説明す
る。 Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.
第１図は４サイクルエンジンのシリンダヘツド
部分の縦断正面図であり、第２図は第１図の−
線断面図、第３図は吸気ポート部分の一部切欠
き斜視図をそれぞれ示す。 Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view of the cylinder head portion of a 4-cycle engine, and Fig. 2 is a -
A line sectional view and a partially cutaway perspective view of the intake port portion are shown in FIG.
図において、符号１はシリンダブロツクであ
り、シリンダブロツク１にはピストン２を上下摺
動自在に収容するシリンダライナ３を鋳込んであ
る。 In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a cylinder block, and a cylinder liner 3 is cast into the cylinder block 1 and accommodates a piston 2 so as to be vertically slidable.
シリンダブロツク１の上方はシリンダヘツド４
で蓋し、シリンダヘツド４の下方とピストン２の
上方との間のシリンダライナ３に燃焼室５が形成
される。 Above the cylinder block 1 is the cylinder head 4.
A combustion chamber 5 is formed in the cylinder liner 3 between the lower part of the cylinder head 4 and the upper part of the piston 2.
シリンダブロツク１には、燃焼室５に連通する
吸気ポート６及び排気ポート７が形成してあり、
両ポート６，７は吸気弁９及び排気弁８で燃焼室
５との連通が制御されるようになつている。 The cylinder block 1 is formed with an intake port 6 and an exhaust port 7 that communicate with the combustion chamber 5.
Communication between the ports 6 and 7 and the combustion chamber 5 is controlled by an intake valve 9 and an exhaust valve 8.
そして、吸気ポート６は吸気入口路１０と旋回
流発生室１１とからなり、旋回流発生室１１の下
端面には前記の吸気弁９で開閉される吸気出口１
２が設けてある。 The intake port 6 consists of an intake inlet passage 10 and a swirling flow generation chamber 11, and an intake outlet 1 that is opened and closed by the intake valve 9 is provided on the lower end surface of the swirling flow generation chamber 11.
2 is provided.
吸気入口路１０はその終端部で旋回流発生室１
１に接線状に連通しており、吸気入口路１０の終
端部には主流案内片１３と分流案内面１４とが設
けてある。 The intake inlet passage 10 has a swirling flow generation chamber 1 at its terminal end.
1, and a main flow guide piece 13 and a branch flow guide surface 14 are provided at the terminal end of the intake inlet passage 10.
主流案内片１３は吸気を吸気入口路１０から旋
回流発生室１１の軸心Ｃよりも吸気の順流側空間
１５に案内するもので、吸気入口路１０の周壁面
のうち、旋回流発生室１１の軸心Ｃに近い吸気の
内回り側面１０ａの終端側の上寄り部１０ｂから
主流案内片１３を板状に延出し、旋回流発生室１
１の順流側空間１５に突出させて形成してある。 The mainstream guide piece 13 guides intake air from the intake inlet passage 10 to a space 15 on the upstream side of the intake air with respect to the axis C of the swirling flow generation chamber 11. A main flow guide piece 13 is extended in a plate shape from an upper end portion 10b of the inner side surface 10a of the intake air near the axis C of the swirling flow generation chamber 1.
It is formed to protrude into the upstream side space 15 of No. 1.
こうして、主流案内片１３を形成した吸気入口
路１０の終端側の下寄り部１０ｃに分流案内面１
４が形成される。 In this way, the branch guide surface 1 is attached to the lower end portion 10c of the intake inlet passage 10 where the main flow guide piece 13 is formed.
4 is formed.
この分流案内面１４は吸気を吸気入口路１０か
ら旋回流発生室１１の軸心Ｃよりも吸気の反転流
側空間１６に案内するもので、吸気入口路１０の
内回り側面１０ａの終端側の下寄り部１０ｃから
旋回流発生室１１の軸心Ｃよりも反転流側空間１
６に向つて次第に後退してゆく突曲状にして形成
してある。 This branching guide surface 14 guides the intake air from the intake inlet passage 10 to the reverse flow side space 16 of the intake air from the axis C of the swirling flow generation chamber 11, and is located below the terminal end side of the inner side surface 10a of the intake inlet passage 10. Space 1 on the reverse flow side from the axial center C of the swirling flow generation chamber 11 from the leaning part 10c
It is formed into a convex shape that gradually recedes toward 6.
上記のように構成した吸気ポート６の作用を次
に説明する。 The operation of the intake port 6 configured as described above will be explained next.
ピストン２の下降で吸気する時、吸気入口路１
０を流れる大部分の吸気は図中符号Ａで示すよう
に、主流案内片１３に案内されて、旋回流発生室
１１で旋回した後、吸気出口１２から燃焼室５に
流入し、燃焼室５に旋回流を形成する。 When inhaling with the descent of the piston 2, the intake inlet path 1
Most of the intake air flowing through the air is guided by the mainstream guide piece 13 and swirls in the swirl flow generation chamber 11, as shown by the symbol A in the figure, and then flows into the combustion chamber 5 from the intake outlet 12. A swirling flow is formed.
一方、吸気入口路１０を流れる吸気の一部は分
流案内面１４で案内されて旋回流発生室１１の反
転流側空間１６から吸気出口１２を通り燃焼室５
に向けて吸入される。 On the other hand, a part of the intake air flowing through the intake inlet passage 10 is guided by the dividing guide surface 14 and passes from the reverse flow side space 16 of the swirling flow generation chamber 11 through the intake outlet 12 to the combustion chamber 5.
is inhaled towards.
このとき、分流案内面１４で反転流側空間１６
に案内された分流Ｂが燃焼室５に吸入される前
に、主流Ａに衝突して巻込まれ、第７図に示すよ
うに、吸気弁８の上側位置で小さい渦を発生しな
がら、この小さい渦を伴つて主流Ａが燃焼室５に
吸入されて燃焼室５内で強力な旋回流として形成
され、燃焼室５内の燃料を強力に、しかも均一に
撹拌混合するようになる。 At this time, the reverse flow side space 16 is
Before the branch flow B guided into the combustion chamber 5 is taken into the combustion chamber 5, it collides with the main flow A and is drawn in, and as shown in FIG. The main flow A is sucked into the combustion chamber 5 with a vortex and is formed as a strong swirling flow within the combustion chamber 5, so that the fuel within the combustion chamber 5 is stirred and mixed strongly and uniformly.
尚、本発明の吸気ポート６はエンジンが火花点
火式エンジンであつてもよいが、燃料を燃焼室に
直接噴射するデイーゼルエンジンに実施すれば一
層顕著な効果を発揮することができる。 Although the intake port 6 of the present invention may be applied to a spark ignition type engine, even more remarkable effects can be achieved if the intake port 6 is applied to a diesel engine that injects fuel directly into the combustion chamber.
第１図乃至第７図は本発明の一実施例を示し、
第１図はシリンダヘツド部分の縦断正面図、第２
図は第１図の−線断面図、第３図は吸気ポー
ト部分の一部切欠き斜視図、第４図は主流の流れ
を示す斜視図、第５図は分流の流れを示す斜視
図、第６図は主流と分流を合成した時の斜視図、
第７図は主流と分流の合流点の側面図を示し、第
８図は従来例の横断平面図であり、第９図は従来
例の縦断側面図である。
５……燃焼室、１０……吸気入口路、１０ａ…
…１０の内回り側面、１０ｂ……１０の上寄り
部、１０ｃ……１０の下寄り部、１１……旋回流
発生室、１２……吸気出口、１３……主流案内
片、１４……分流案内面、１５……順流側空間、
１６……反転流側空間、Ｃ……１１の軸心。
1 to 7 show an embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view of the cylinder head part, Figure 2
The figures are a cross-sectional view taken along the line -- in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the intake port portion, Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the mainstream flow, Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the branch flow, Figure 6 is a perspective view when the main flow and branch flow are combined.
FIG. 7 shows a side view of the confluence of the main flow and the branch flow, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional plan view of the conventional example, and FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional side view of the conventional example. 5... Combustion chamber, 10... Intake inlet passage, 10a...
...inner side of 10, 10b...upper part of 10, 10c...lower part of 10, 11...swirling flow generation chamber, 12...intake outlet, 13...main stream guide piece, 14...division guide Surface, 15...downstream side space,
16... Reverse flow side space, C... Axis center of 11.
Claims (1)
に接線状に連通し、旋回流発生室１１の下端面に
吸気出口１２を明け、吸気を吸気入口路１０から
旋回流発生室１１に流入させて旋回させたのち、
吸気出口１２から燃焼室５に旋回流として流入さ
せ、吸気を吸気入口路１０から旋回流発生室１１
の軸心Ｃよりも吸気の順流側空間１５に案内する
主流案内片１３を、吸気入口路１０の周壁面のう
ち旋回流発生室１１の軸心Ｃに近い吸気の内回り
側面１０ａの終端側の上寄り部１０ｂから旋回流
発生室１１の順流側空間１５に突入させ、かつ、
吸気を吸気入口路１０から旋回流発生室１１の軸
心Ｃよりも吸気の反転流側空間１６に案内する分
流案内面１４を、吸気入口路１０の内回り側面１
０ａの終端側の下寄り部１０ｃから、旋回流発生
室１１の軸心Ｃよりも反転流側空間１６に向つて
次第に後退していく突曲状に形成した事を特徴と
する４サイクルエンジンの吸気ポート。1 The terminal end of the intake inlet passage 10 is connected to the swirling flow generation chamber 11.
, an intake outlet 12 is formed on the lower end surface of the swirl flow generation chamber 11, and the intake air is caused to flow from the intake inlet passage 10 into the swirl flow generation chamber 11 and swirl.
The intake air is caused to flow into the combustion chamber 5 from the intake outlet 12 as a swirling flow, and the intake air is passed from the intake inlet passage 10 to the swirling flow generation chamber 11.
The mainstream guide piece 13 that guides the intake air to the upstream space 15 from the axis C of It enters the upstream space 15 of the swirling flow generation chamber 11 from the upper part 10b, and
A branching guide surface 14 that guides the intake air from the intake inlet passage 10 to the reverse flow side space 16 of the intake air from the axis C of the swirling flow generation chamber 11 is attached to the inner side surface 1 of the intake inlet passage 10.
A four-cycle engine characterized by being formed in a convex shape that gradually recedes from the lower end portion 10c of the 0a toward the reverse flow side space 16 from the axis C of the swirling flow generation chamber 11. intake port.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58192815A JPS6085221A (en) | 1983-10-14 | 1983-10-14 | Intake port of 4-cycle engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58192815A JPS6085221A (en) | 1983-10-14 | 1983-10-14 | Intake port of 4-cycle engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6085221A JPS6085221A (en) | 1985-05-14 |
| JPH0231776B2 true JPH0231776B2 (en) | 1990-07-16 |
Family
ID=16297444
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58192815A Granted JPS6085221A (en) | 1983-10-14 | 1983-10-14 | Intake port of 4-cycle engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6085221A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0524378U (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1993-03-30 | 博文 篠原 | Inspection application form |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5849383U (en) * | 1981-09-29 | 1983-04-02 | 日本ビクター株式会社 | Disc-shaped information recording medium |
-
1983
- 1983-10-14 JP JP58192815A patent/JPS6085221A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0524378U (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1993-03-30 | 博文 篠原 | Inspection application form |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6085221A (en) | 1985-05-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |