JPH0233340B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a pine seed starter and a method for producing the same. The seed fungus used for pine room cultivation is a pure culture of pine room mycelium in a medium,
The pine room starters currently used in Japan are compost starters in which pine room mycelium is propagated in compost such as horse manure or synthetic compost, and grain starters in which pine room mycelia are propagated in grains such as wheat, corn, millet, and millet. It can be broadly classified into grain seed bacteria. Compost seed bacteria have excellent heat resistance, disease resistance, and storage stability, and can be safely stored at high temperatures and transported to long distances in the summer, and can be used to store bad compost such as fungal beds with residual ammonia content. It also has excellent rooting ability. On the other hand, when inoculating a fungal bed, the inoculum is in large clumps, making it difficult to remove it from the culture bottle (usually by breaking the pins), and the inoculum must be broken up by hand before inoculation, making it difficult to handle. It's a hassle. In addition, inoculation should be done once per 30 cm square on the fungal bed.
This must be done using the spot inoculation method, which involves digging holes approximately 3 cm deep from the surface and burying the inoculum into these holes, making mechanical sowing such as bulk methods impossible. Furthermore, the culture period required for seed culture production is relatively long (approximately 40 days to 60 days or more). Grain starters have more germination points than compost starters because each grain is an independent starter holder, making them suitable for hyphae to take root. Inoculation is carried out by a surface inoculation method or a mixed inoculation method in which grain inoculum is sprayed onto the surface of the bacterial bed from the mouth of the bottle, making it easy to handle and suitable for mechanical sowing such as bulk methods. Furthermore, the number of culture days required to produce the seed culture is relatively short, about 20 to 30 days. However, grain inoculum is easily attacked by various bacteria, cannot be transported to long distances in the summer due to the heat of grain fermentation, and the mycelium ages quickly and has poor storage stability, as well as poor ability to take root in compost. There are drawbacks such as low yield, and the fact that it becomes food for small animals and causes great damage. The present invention has been made in consideration of the fact that the conventional compost starter and grain starter have both advantages and major drawbacks, and has developed a new pine room starter that combines the advantages of each and eliminates the drawbacks of each. The purpose is to provide a method for producing the same. The pine room seed fungus according to the invention of claim 1 is obtained by inoculating and culturing pine room mycelia into each grain of compost formed into mutually separated and independent granules, and each grain contains nutrients effective for the growth of the mycelia. It contains a sizing agent, and the sizing agent is characterized in that it binds the compost within each grain without forming a film on the surface of each grain. In addition, the method for producing a pine seed starter according to the invention of claim 2 includes producing compost, adding a glue containing nutrients effective for the growth of mycelia to the compost, and then crushing the compost to separate them from each other. A sufficient amount of non-volatile material to neutralize and capture harmful alkaline components such as ammonia and amines generated by heat sterilization before or after forming the compost into granules without washing the compost with water. This method is characterized in that the granulated compost is inoculated with pine room mycelium, which has been sterilized by heating the granular compost to which an acid has been added, and is then cultured. Hereinafter, the pine seed bacterium and the method for producing the same according to the present invention will be explained in detail. Compost, which is the raw material for the granular compost starter according to the present invention, is produced using plant waste such as rice straw, wheat straw, corn, and cobs, or horse manure as the main raw material, in accordance with the production of ordinary compost for pine room. An example of using rice straw as the main raw material is to cut rice straw into 20 cm pieces, mix 10 kg of urea and 100 kg of cottonseed scraps per ton, and load the mixture firmly while sprinkling water at approximately 20,000 m of water to a height of 1.8 m and a width of 1.8 m. Build a deposit of For the purpose of aerobic fermentation, on the 8th day, the tank was turned over for aeration, water supply, and mixing, and 25 kg of gypsum was added and loaded firmly. On the 14th day, cut again to remove 65% of the accumulated moisture.
Adjust to %~68%. The pile should be loosely stacked with good ventilation. On the 18th day, the final cut was made to reduce the moisture content to 68%.
shall be. To give an example of the case of Umaki Yuu Manure, 1 ton of Umaki Yuu Manure is made to absorb 1,000 ml of water in advance, and on the third day, 4 kg of ammonium sulfate and 2 kg of urea are added and loosely piled up while sprinkling water. Calcium carbonate 5 on day 6
Kg is added and cut back, and on the 8th day, a final cut is made to bring the moisture content to 68%. In either case, the compost is placed in a shallow box and kept at 50°C for 3 to 4 days while circulating air in the post-fermentation chamber. The moisture content of compost after cooling is 55
~60%, nitrogen 1.8~2.2%, and pH 6.8~7.4 are preferred. In order to pure culture the starter bacteria using compost as a medium, it is necessary to kill pests, egg microorganisms, and their spores present in the compost by high-pressure sterilization. However, when high-pressure sterilization is performed, the active ingredients accumulated in the compost,
For example, proteins and biomass are thermally decomposed to produce ammonia and amines. These are harmful to pine room mycelium and inhibit its growth. Immature compost naturally contains ammonia, and the interaction with the ammonia produced during sterilization often inhibits the growth of mycelium. Although ammonia in compost can be removed to some extent by post-fermentation, the removal of substances that produce alkaline components by heating is not sufficient. Therefore, when producing seed bacteria using compost as a medium, the compost must be sufficiently washed with water to remove harmful alkaline components such as ammonia and amines and their sources before sterilization.
However, by washing with water, nutrients necessary for the growth of pine room mycelium, such as water-soluble components such as carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, and inorganic components, as well as insoluble components such as protein hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose, are washed away, resulting in a loss of composition. It is also an economic loss. In the inoculum production method according to the present invention, non-volatile acids such as tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, etc. are added to the compost before sterilization, so that the inoculum generated during sterilization is Neutralizes and captures harmful alkali components such as ammonia and amines,
The washing process is omitted. This allows the nutrients necessary for the growth of mycelia to be used effectively without being washed away. Normally, the pH of compost is 6.8 to 7.4, and if the nonvolatile acid mentioned above is added at 0.01 to 0.2% based on the weight of compost, the pH of compost can be adjusted to 6.8 to 7.0, but protein decomposition occurs during high-pressure sterilization, resulting in ammonia and amines. In order to cause
Since the PH increases, in practical terms non-volatile acids are 0.2
It is safe to add ~2.0%. Note that the nonvolatile acid may be added before sterilization, and not necessarily before granulating the compost. It may be added after being granulated and filled into culture bottles. In the method of the present invention, after the compost is granulated by the process described below, the shape of the granules is kept stable until they are completely covered with pine room mycelia during inoculum cultivation, and during the production of the granules, no The growth of hyphae is slowed down when formation of fine particles or formation of fine particles occurs. In order to prevent a decrease in yield, various thickening agents are added to the compost, such as guar gum, locust bean gum, tamarind, tara gum, gum arabic, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, guttay gum, pectin, alginic acid, xanthan gum, gelatin, casein, gluten, and polyester. sodium acrylate,
Carboxymethyl cellulose or the like is added singly or in combination of two or more to improve shape retention. The above substances are used not only for shape retention but also as a nutrient source for hyphae. The amounts of these glues added to the weight of compost are as follows. Tamarind 0.2% Locust bean gum 0.1 Guar gum 0.05 Gum tragacanth 0.3 Carboxymethyl cellulose 0.2 Starch 0.5 Alginic acid 0.05 In order to promote the growth of pine room mycelium, various nutritional enrichments (various amino acids,
Soybean meal, cottonseed meal, glucose, fructose, mannitrate,
sorbitol, etc.), and vitamin B ₁ , biotin, rice bran, soybean oil, and other vegetable oils and fats can be added as growth promoters. After the compost is aged as described above, various additives are added to the compost, and the mixture of compost and additives is crushed with a suitable crusher (for example, a large blender) to form small pieces and the moisture content is adjusted to about 60%. When these small pieces are squeezed out through pores (for example, 2 to 3 mm in diameter), a rod-shaped compost with a diameter of about 5 mm is continuously produced. The pressed compost falls under its own weight and collapses into granules. In addition to the extrusion method described above, the compost made into a clay-like gel (sludge) by a crusher may be formed into particles with a diameter of about 5 mm by a punching method or other suitable method. The particles are not necessarily spherical and may have any suitable shape such as a cylinder, an ellipse, a cone, or a cube, but it is preferable that the size is constant. Fill the culture bottle with granulated compost. Since it is granular, it is easy to fill by mechanical operation.
Bottled granular compost is heated at 115℃ to 121℃ for 60 minutes.
Sterilize for about 100 minutes. Granular compost remains stable even after 100 minutes of sterilization at 121℃, and secondary decomposition products such as ammonia generated during sterilization are neutralized and stabilized by the non-volatile acid added to the compost in advance. . Further, a part of the ammonia generated during sterilization is released to the outside by diffusion from between each compost particle. The inoculum, which has been pure cultured in a pure preservation medium, is transplanted to the granular compost that has been rendered sterile by sterilization and cultured for a certain period of time. Approximately one week after transplantation, the hyphae will grow around the inoculation point, so the granular compost in the culture bottle is stirred and mixed so that the hyphae are evenly distributed and planted between each particle of the granular compost. The culture period (the number of days required for mycelia to spread) is approximately 20 days.
After culturing is complete, transfer the granular compost starter to paper, polyethylene,
Transfer to another container made of cellophane, etc., wrap and ship. Examples of the present invention are listed below. Example 1 Compost (moisture 63.5%, nitrogen 1.93%, PH7.33) 1000
After adding and mixing 5 kg of tartaric acid, 5 kg of glucose, 1 kg of cottonseed meal, and 2 kg of tamarind, the compost is crushed into pieces with a length of 3 mm or less using a crusher and extruded through holes with a diameter of 3 mm to produce granules with a diameter of 4 to 6 mm. Obtained. The pH after sterilization is
It showed 6.8. Example 2 Compost (moisture 59.6%, nitrogen 1.97%, PH7.40) 1000
Kg to carboxymethyl cellulose 2Kg, soybean meal 2Kg
After adding Kg and mixing, granules were obtained according to Example 1. After filling 700g into the culture bottle, add bicarbonate of soda 2
%, 2% citric acid, 1% mannitol 50ml
added. The pH after sterilization was 7.0. The granular compost starter according to the present invention is an ideal pine room starter that combines the advantages of conventional compost starters and grain starters, and eliminates the drawbacks of each. In other words, it has excellent heat resistance, disease resistance, storage stability, and ability to adhere to fungal beds, and can be safely stored at high temperatures and transported to long distances in summer, and is extremely easy to inoculate onto fungal beds. Suitable for mechanical seeding, such as bulk methods, and requires only a short period of time for culturing during seed production. The number of culture days and various performances of the granular compost starter according to the present invention during pure culture and fungal bed cultivation are shown in the following table in comparison with conventional compost starters and grain starters.

[Table] Also, according to the method for producing granular compost starter according to the present invention, unlike conventional methods for producing compost starter, a non-volatile acid is added to the compost before the sterilization process, which eliminates the need for washing with water. Since the alkaline component is neutralized, the nutrients necessary for the growth of mycelia are not washed away, and the inoculated bacteria in the culture bottle adhere to the granular compost medium very well. In addition, conventionally, when filling compost into culture bottles, amorphous long-fiber compost is hardly filled into the culture bottle (if it is not hard, it cannot be filled with the specified amount due to its elasticity), which results in poor air permeability, which can be improved. However, with the method of the present invention, mechanical filling is also possible because the compost is granulated and then filled into culture bottles, and there is no space between the particles. The gap allows for better air circulation and eliminates the need for drilling holes. Furthermore, in the method of the present invention, when the inoculated bacteria are transplanted to the granular compost in the culture bottle, the inoculated bacteria easily move not only to the particles on the surface layer but also to the particles in the center of the bottle, so that it is easy to take root. . In addition, with conventional compost starters, stirring and mixing in the culture bottle was impossible, but in the case of granular forms, if you stir and mix about a week after inoculation, the inoculation point will spread throughout the culture bottle, so it will be possible to spread the inoculation point throughout the culture bottle. Reproduction is significantly promoted.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Pine room mycelium is inoculated and cultured in each grain of compost formed into separate and independent grains, and the compost inside each grain is treated with a sizing agent containing nutrients effective for the growth of mycelia. A pine mushroom seed fungus characterized by being combined. 2. Compost is produced, a sizing agent containing nutrients effective for the growth of mycelia is added to this compost, and then crushed and formed into mutually separated and independent granules, and heat sterilized either before or after forming the compost into granules. A sufficient amount of non-volatile acid is added to neutralize and capture harmful alkali components such as ammonia and amines produced by the compost without washing the compost, and the granulated compost is filled into a culture container. A method for producing a pine room seed fungus, which comprises inoculating the granular compost with pine room mycelium after heat sterilization and culturing it.