JPH0235856B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to an efficient power generation device that replaces a so-called gas turbine.

(Prior Art) Conventional gas turbine cycle air compressors are airfoil type, velocity type, axial flow type, or centrifugal type. Even when using a single gas such as air, these turbine-type air compressors can deviate from their design point and cause surging or yoking if the rotational speed changes due to usage conditions or the intake air conditions (air volume, inlet air temperature, etc.) change. This has the disadvantage that it can only be used within a narrow control range, and that efficiency decreases significantly when the design point is deviated from.

For this reason, conventional gas turbines have
It is often used for constant speed and constant load, and is rarely used for wide rotational speed changes and load changes.

In addition, fuel gas and air are sucked and mixed through the suction hole,
Compressing this causes the adiabatic index and gas specific gravity to change due to changes in the state of the mixed gas, so the design points for a turbine-type air compressor become wider, and it is difficult to avoid the above-mentioned developments and create an efficient one. It was impossible. Further, it has been impossible to mix and compress liquid fuel at the same time as the intake air because the liquid mist of the fuel collides with the impeller, causing mechanical problems such as erosion, corrosion, and vibration.

For this reason, high-pressure, high-temperature air compressed to a corresponding pressure by a turbine-type air compressor and gas or oil whose injection pressure is increased against the pressure in the fuel chamber are separately pumped into the fuel chamber. ing. When the fuel gas pressure is low, a separate gas compressor must be installed to increase the pressure.

That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the turbine type air compressor 1 independently compresses the air from the air intake pipe 5 and sends compressed air of, for example, 9 kg/cm ² from the discharge pipe 6 to the combustion chamber 3. A separately installed gas compressor 4 is operated by a drive motor 11 to boost the pressure of gas from the fuel introduction pipe 10 to around 16 kg/cm ² and send it to the combustion chamber 3 at 9 kg/cm ² via a filter adjustment valve 21. You have to get some fuel. The generated combustion gas is introduced into the axial flow type or centrifugal type turbine 2 through the gas discharge pipe 7, expands, and rotates the generator 15 to obtain power.

In this way, the fuel efficiency of the gas turbine is reduced by the amount of power that increases the pressure of the fuel gas. Furthermore, when the fuel is oil (heavy oil, kerosene, etc.), extra power is required for high-pressure air for the atomizer, high-pressure fuel pump, etc. In this way, the gas turbines currently in use require extra power for the fuel injection system.

It also includes a first radial flow compressor that mixes and compresses fuel with air at a compression ratio below the ignition point, a combustion chamber that introduces and burns the air-fuel mixture from the compressor, and a high-temperature and high-pressure combustion from the combustion chamber. Hot gas generators with radial flow turbines in which gas is introduced to perform the expansion work are known prior to this application (see GB 1225759). However, since both the compressor and the turbine in this known example have a radial flow type structure, the same performance and mechanical problems as described in the prior art described above inevitably occur.

In addition, in this known example, part of the power of the turbine is used for the purpose of lowering the temperature of the combustion gas flowing into the turbine so that the blades of the turbine are not damaged by contact with the high-temperature combustion gas. A second radial flow compressor is then used to introduce dilution air into the combustion chamber, but this not only consumes some of the power generated by the turbine, but also consumes a portion of the power generated by the turbine. The structure becomes complicated.

Furthermore, in a radial flow turbine, it is not possible to inject water or liquid directly into the turbine for the purpose of increasing output because of impeller erosion.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In the prior art described above, the compressor is a velocity type and a centrifugal type, and since it is a vane type turbo compressor, fuel and air must be pressurized separately and sent to the combustion chamber. The disadvantage is that the gas compressor has high pressure, which increases cost, and the efficiency decreases by the amount of power used. Additionally, gas compressors have problems with durability. These drawbacks lie in the use of a centrifugal speed rotary vane machine.

In addition, in the conventional technology, both the air compressor and the gas turbine are speed type and airfoil type, but the operating conditions for the compressor are constant speed, high speed, and pure air (non-mixed gas). The pressure cannot be raised to a predetermined pressure in a single stage, and the cost increases in a multistage system. Therefore, the combustion gas must be pumped to the discharge side of the air compressor using a high-pressure gas compressor installed separately in the combustion chamber at a high gas pressure that can withstand the combustion gas pressure, and the power required for this is generated. There was a point that it worsened the efficiency coefficient of performance. In addition, high-pressure gas compressors are a factor that leads to high costs in terms of maintenance, durability, etc.

On the other hand, the gas turbine connected to the air compressor is a blade-type centrifugal type gas turbine, and both suction pressure and back pressure must be kept constant without fluctuation. This is because the design range of a centrifugal rotating machine is fixed, and its tolerance range is small, so it lacks adaptability, and its performance drops dramatically if it deviates from the optimum design value.

In this way, all conditions must be kept constant for the efficiency of a gas turbine, and fluctuations in back pressure and amount of exhaust gas reduce the performance of the gas turbine. (airfoil type, centrifugal speed type), this caused the disadvantage that performance deteriorated further.

[Structure of the invention]

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention is a power generation device using a screw-type air compressor and an expander, and the air intake side has a fuel introduction part at a position immediately after gas entrapment. ,
A screw-type air compressor that mixes and compresses fuel with air at a compression ratio below the ignition point, a combustion chamber that introduces and burns the air-fuel mixture from the compressor, and expands work by introducing high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gas from the combustion chamber. The screw type expander is equipped with a screw type expander that performs the following: Immediately before the combustion gas is introduced into the expander or immediately after the gas is trapped in the expander, there is a screw-type expander that is heated to form steam or gas due to the high temperature inside the expander. The above-mentioned problems of the prior art are solved by having an injector for introducing water or liquid to increase the output.

(Function) Fuel is sucked together with air into the screw type air compressor from the fuel inlet located on the air suction side or after gas entrapment, and this mixture is efficiently compressed at a compression ratio below the ignition point of the fuel, and then This air-fuel mixture is introduced into a combustion chamber and ignited and burned to generate high-pressure and high-temperature combustion gas, which is introduced into a screw type expander to perform expansion work and generate power.

Since both the air compressor and the expander are screw type, they can operate with good performance over a wide range of operating conditions. Further, if water or liquid is introduced into the screw type expander, the high temperature inside turns it into steam or gas, and the output can be increased by increasing the amount of gas.

(Example) An embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG.

Reference numeral 1 is a screw type air compressor, which can achieve a high pressure ratio, and which supplies gas to a gas supply pipe 10a.
The mixture is mixed with air from the air suction pipe 5 through the regulator 22 and sucked into the screw air compressor 1.
Alternatively, only air is sucked in from the air suction pipe 5, and gas or oil is sucked in from the fuel introduction pipe 10b through the flow rate adjustment valve 23.
The injection port 19 immediately after the gas is trapped in the rotor through
Inhale at a pressure slightly higher than the air intake pressure. According to the screw type air compressor 1, there is no problem even if it is a mixed gas, and the sucked gas or oil can be compressed to a high pressure together with air. The air-fuel mixture compressed to a high pressure is introduced into the combustion chamber 3 from the discharge gas pipe 6 and combusted. The combustion gas flows into the screw type expander 2 through the discharge pipe 7, expands, generates rotational force, and receives power from the coaxial generator 15.

When the combustion gas is expanded by the screw type expander 2, water or fluid is injected from the introduction pipe 18a into the discharge pipe 7, or water or fluid is injected from the introduction pipe 18b at a position immediately after the rotor is confined. 2
By injecting water or liquid into the screw-type expander 2 from zero, water or liquid becomes vapor or gas due to high temperature, increasing the amount of gas supplied to the screw-type expander 2 and increasing the output. Can be done.

The exhaust gas that has completed the expansion work flows through the exhaust gas pipe 8 into a heat exchanger or reboiler 9, and its heat is taken out through the heating pipe 13. The exhaust gas is finally exhausted from the system through the exhaust pipe 16.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The present invention can mix and compress fuel gas or oil and air to a high pressure using a screw-type air compressor, and can sufficiently respond to changes in operating conditions. Unlike when using a compressor, there is no need to pressurize the fuel and air separately and send them to the combustion chamber, and there is no restriction on operating conditions that the speed must be constant, making it a complex device. It is possible to obtain a low-cost and highly efficient power generation device without having to
Injecting water or liquid into the combustion gas in a screw expander can increase the amount of mixed gas, thereby increasing the output.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flow sheet diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a flow sheet diagram of a conventional technique. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Screw-type air compressor, 2... Screw-type expander, 3... Combustion chamber, 10a... Gas supply pipe, 10b... Fuel introduction pipe, 18a, 18b...
...Introduction pipe, 20...Injection port as an injection part.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A screw-type air compressor that has a fuel introduction part on the air intake side or in a position immediately after gas entrapment, and mixes and compresses fuel with air at a compression ratio below the ignition point; a mixture from the compressor is introduced and combusted. A combustion chamber is provided with a screw type expander that performs expansion work by introducing high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gas from the combustion chamber. A screw-type air compressor and an expander are installed in the position of the screw-type air compressor and expander, characterized by having an injection part that introduces water or liquid to increase the output by turning into steam or gas due to the high temperature inside the expander. Power generator used.