JPH0239215B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for cultivating perennial mushrooms using an artificial solid culture medium. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for cultivating perennial mushrooms with large caps year-round, in a short period of time, and in large quantities at low cost.

Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) karst.
is a basidiomycete that belongs to the genus Hemorrhoids in the family Aridaceae, and has been highly prized since ancient times as a conspicuous mushroom and as an excellent medicinal fungus. However, its existence is extremely rare, only growing naturally on old trees in the deep mountains. For this reason, research on the cultivation of perpetual mushrooms using artificial cultivation methods for edible mushrooms has become active in recent years. However, because the physiological conditions of perennial mushrooms themselves are different from those of general edible mushrooms, such as shiitake and yellowtail mushrooms, they have poor survival and are extremely difficult to cultivate artificially. For example, there is a method of cultivating mushrooms by planting seed fungi on logs, similar to the method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-88628).
This method is disadvantageous in terms of productivity because it requires a great deal of labor for both inoculation and management, and also requires a long time of 120 to 150 days for culturing, ripening, and sprouting. Furthermore, a method of artificially cultivating perpetual mushrooms using an artificial solid culture medium has been proposed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-38092). However, with this method, even if cultivation is carried out under the same conditions, the timing of germination and growth varies, making it difficult to obtain a stable harvest.

The present inventors conducted various cultivation experiments regarding the artificial cultivation method of perennial mushrooms, and as a result, they discovered a cultivation method that uses an artificial solid culture medium to produce equally large amounts of large cap mushrooms in a short period of time. It has been reached.

That is, the present invention based on the above knowledge, in the artificial cultivation of perennial mushrooms, involves culturing perennial mushroom seeds using an artificial solid culture medium,
Obtaining a fungal bed Fruiting body primordium (stalk) from the fungal bed after pre-culture
The formation of mushroom caps is carried out under conditions of humidity of 90% or more and illuminance of 500lx or less, and mushroom cap growth is carried out under conditions of humidity of 90% or more and illuminance of 500lx or less.
This is a method of cultivating perpetual mushrooms that is characterized by being carried out under conditions exceeding 500 lx.

The present invention can be easily carried out in a vinyl greenhouse or a glass room, has good productivity, and can be said to be extremely practical.

The perennial mushroom strain according to the present invention is a pure isolated strain collected and isolated from nature by a conventional method, and is usually cultured aseptically on a slant or plate on an agar medium and stored at a low temperature. It is possible to maintain the activity of mycelia over a long period of time by transplanting the strain into a new medium every 4 to 6 months and storing it at a low temperature, or by storing the first strain isolated from nature at a low temperature over layers of paraffin. preferable. As a seed fungus, the mycelia on the agar medium described above are used as they are, but usually, the above-mentioned fungal strains are inoculated onto an artificial solid culture medium or liquid culture medium and cultured aseptically to allow the mycelia to proliferate.

An example of seed preparation using an artificial solid culture medium is as follows. Mix hardwood sawdust and rice sugar at a volume ratio of 4:1, add water as needed and stir.
Adjust the moisture content to about 60-70%. The mixture is compressed into a sterilized glass bottle with a cotton stopper, holes are made in three places for inoculation, and the bottle is sterilized to prepare a solid medium. The mycelia of the agar-cultured bacterial strain are planted and inoculated into the solid medium together with agar pieces. When cultured for about 20 days at a temperature of about 25°C, a seed fungus with perennial mushroom mycelium propagated throughout the solid medium can be obtained.

Preculture in the present invention is a step of preparing a bacterial bed. The culture is usually carried out by inoculating the above-mentioned inoculum onto an artificial solid culture medium at a temperature of 15 to 35°C, preferably 20 to 25°C, and a humidity of 40 to 80%, preferably 50 to 70%.
Generally, the entire culture medium is infested with mycelia within 20 to 30 days;
A fungal bed with mature hyphal bundles on the top surface is obtained. Substrates for the artificial solid culture medium according to the present invention include sawdust, rice sugar, rice husk, etc., which are usually used for cultivating basidiomycetes.
Soybean meal, bran, etc. alone or a mixture thereof can be used. Furthermore, a culture medium obtained by mixing the substrate with a soil covering material described below may also be used.

The artificial solid culture medium is prepared by compacting a mixture of the substrate and water in a glass or plastic container such as a bottle or bag, and then sterilizing the mixture.

The mixing ratio of the substrate and water is usually 1.6 to 2 parts by weight of water per 1 part by weight of the substrate. In addition, when preparing the above-mentioned solid culture medium, carbon sources such as glucose and maltose, nitrogen sources such as yeast extract and peptone, PH regulators such as calcium carbonate, and vitamins, inorganic salts, and growth promoting factors may be added as necessary. etc. may be added. A mixture of sawdust and rice sugar of 2 to 6:1 (weight ratio) is a preferred substrate as it appropriately contains various nutritional components. Sawdust derived from hardwoods such as beech, oak, and walnut is preferably used.
Materials derived from coniferous trees such as pine, cedar, and hemlock may also be used. It is not necessary to apply light, but it is also possible to apply light of arbitrary intensity.

In the step of forming fruiting body primordia (stalks) from the hyphal bundles of the fungal bed, the fungal bed is heated at a temperature of 15 to 40°C, preferably 25 to 35°C, a humidity of 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, and an illuminance of 500 lx or less. , preferably under conditions of 100 to 300 lx. The formation of mushroom caps is performed at a temperature of 15-40℃, preferably 25-35℃, a humidity of 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, and an illuminance of more than 500lx, preferably more than 500lx.
Perform under conditions up to 5000lx. In addition, when cultivating the perennial mushroom of the present invention, it is a preferable embodiment to cover the fungal bed with a soil covering material and apply the above conditions. Approximately 20~
Fruiting body primordia (stalks) begin to form in 30 days, and by culturing under the same conditions, the primordia (stalks) grow and fruiting progresses. Covering with soil improves water retention, prevents the fungal bed from drying out, increases heat retention, and encourages vigorous mycelial activity. Therefore, cover soil should be applied to cover the fungal bed.

Note that the upper surface of the fungal bed, that is, the primordium growth surface, does not particularly need to be covered with soil, but in order to promote the growth of the primordium, it is preferable to cover the fungal bed with soil to the extent that it covers the hyphal bundles of the fungal bed. Examples of the soil covering material include natural soil such as sand and loam, soil conditioners such as vermiculite and perlite, rice straw and buckwheat husks. Kanuma soil and Akadama soil have water retention properties,
It is a preferable soil covering material in terms of breathability. Note that if the soil covering material is clean, there is no need to sterilize it. The cultivation period according to the present invention is arbitrarily determined depending on the desired length of mushroom stems, but is usually 40 to 100 days.

It is preferable that the light is uniformly irradiated onto the mushroom cap forming part, and the light source is natural light or an incandescent light bulb. Although it is preferable that the irradiation be carried out continuously, in cultivation outdoors such as in a vinyl greenhouse or glass room, a method may also be adopted in which no special illuminance is applied at night or on cloudy days. The present invention is a cultivation method in which the culture environment is changed as described above according to the growth process of perennial mushrooms, and each growth stage is selectively carried out, and in particular, it is a method that allows large-capacity mushrooms to be cultivated in large quantities in a short period of time. It is.

Conventionally, the shape of naturally occurring steamed mushrooms usually has a mushroom stem and a mushroom cap, and the mushroom cap is usually kidney-shaped or semi-circular. For example, the shape is as shown in Figures 1 to 4, and as shown in Figure 4, which is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 1, the ratio of the length a of the mushroom stem to the diameter b of the mushroom cap is Usually a/b=1 to 1.7/1. On the other hand, in the method of the present invention, by appropriately selecting the conditions of the present invention, it is possible to produce perpetual mushrooms with extremely large caps than those that exist in nature, for example, a/b = 0.5 to 1/1. can be obtained easily and in large quantities at low cost.

Incidentally, such perennial mushrooms with large mushroom caps are of high value as they are, in bottles, for ornamental purposes, as health foods, or for medicinal purposes. Furthermore, according to the present invention, by arbitrarily selecting the cultivation period after the pre-cultivation, it is possible to freely cultivate mushroom stems and mushroom caps of any size and shape for ornamental purposes.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to Examples.

Example 1 2000 g of hardwood sawdust, 900 g of rice sugar, and 50 g of calcium carbonate were mixed, and 4700 ml of water was added and stirred to prepare a homogeneous medium.

Next, put 600 g of this sawdust medium into a wide-mouth polypropylene culture bottle, press firmly from above, make a hole with a diameter of about 10 mm in the center, plug it (with a cotton plug or urethane plug), and sterilize it under pressure to culture. To this, Mannentake (Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) karst.) CM
-359 Microtechnical Research Institute No. 6060) was inoculated and cultured in bottles. Preculture in the dark, temperature 25℃, humidity
After 20 days at 50% RH, I removed the stopper, filled the bottle with enough water to fill it up to the mouth, and heated it to 30℃ and 99% humidity to 200lx.
When the seeds were transferred to light at a brightness level, a thumb-sized fruiting body primordium (stalk) was formed in about 25 days. This stuff at 30℃, 99%
(RH), when transferred to conditions of 5,000 lx, large caps were formed in about 30 days, and good black-brown fruiting bodies could be collected. It took 75 days to collect the fruiting bodies, including pre-cultivation, and the dry weight of the fruiting bodies at this time was 26.8g/
It was a fungal bed (600g). The length a of the mushroom stem of this fruiting body was about 6 cm, the diameter b of the mushroom cap was about 9 cm, and a/b≈6/9.

Example 2 A culture medium was prepared by mixing 4000 g of hardwood sawdust, 1000 g of rice sugar, and 50 g of calcium carbonate, adding 9000 ml of water, and stirring. Next, 900 g of this medium was placed in a polypropylene bag and pressed tightly to make 20 blocks. At this time, a stick was placed in the bag and a hole with a diameter of about 10 mm was made in the center of the block. The bagged culture medium is sterilized by steam pressure (1Kg/cm ² , 120℃, 60 minutes)
After cooling, the same perennial mushroom sawdust seed fungus used in Example 1, which had already been cultured, was aseptically transplanted into each block into the hole on the top of the medium, and cultured as follows.

First, pre-cultivation was carried out for 25 days in the dark at a temperature of 23°C and humidity of 50% (RH) to create a fungal bed that primarily supports vegetative growth of mycelia. Next, the pre-cultured fungal bed is taken out of the polypropylene bag that was wrapped in it and brought into a plastic greenhouse, where it is embedded in Akadama soil with sufficient water supply, and the room temperature is set at 35℃, humidity is 99%, and illuminance is 200lx. The fruiting body primordium (stalk) is grown at room temperature of 35℃, humidity of 99%, and illuminance of 4000~
When kept at 5000 lx for 25 days, fruiting bodies of almost constant shape grew from all fungal beds. The obtained mushrooms had large fruiting bodies with mushroom caps as in Example 1, and the yield was 640 g in dry weight.

Comparative example Prepare a culture medium by adding 4,700 ml of water to 2,000 g of hardwood sawdust, 900 g of rice sugar, and 50 g of calcium carbonate, mix and stir, fill 600 g into a polypropylene wide-mouth bottle, plug it with a urethane stopper, and sterilize under pressure. I did this.

A separately cultured perennial mushroom seed fungus similar to that used in Example 1 is inoculated and cultured at 18 to 20°C for 25 days. The humidity at this time was approximately 60%. Next, remove the stopper from the bottle and leave it at 25℃ and 85% humidity.
When irradiated with 600 lx and cultured for 50 days, mushrooms as shown in Figures 1 to 4 were generated. These methods are conventional and common cultivation methods. The dry weight of perennial mushrooms obtained by this method is 15g/fungus bed (600g)
The amount generated is also smaller than that of the present invention.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a surface view of a perpetual mushroom obtained by conventional cultivation methods, Figure 2 is a side view of a perpetual mushroom obtained by conventional cultivation methods, and Figure 3 is a view of a perpetual mushroom obtained by conventional cultivation methods. The back side of FIG. 4 shows a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In the artificial cultivation of 10,000-year-old mushrooms, (a) the formation of the primordium (stalk) of the fruiting body from the mycelial bundles in the fungal bed is carried out for 20 to 30 minutes under conditions of humidity of 90% or more and illuminance of 500 lx or less;
A method for cultivating perpetual mushrooms with large caps, characterized in that (b) growth of the caps is carried out for 0 to 60 days under conditions of humidity of 90% or more and illuminance of more than 500 lx.