JPH0245315B2 - HODENTOTENTOSOCHI - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention instantaneously lights a discharge lamp (mainly a fluorescent lamp) using an electronic circuit method using a nonlinear capacitor made of a polycrystalline ceramic composition containing barium titanate as a main component and zirconia as a subcomponent. This invention relates to a discharge lamp lighting device for the purpose of Compared to incandescent light bulbs, fluorescent lamps are extremely energy-efficient and are widely used for home and industrial purposes when it comes to providing the same level of illumination.However, conventionally, fluorescent lamps were lit using glow lamps, which took several seconds or more to turn on. Moreover, due to fatigue of the glow lamp, periodic replacement was required. In recent years, lighting devices using electronic circuits have been put into practical use in place of glow lamps, and the drawbacks of glow lamps have been improved. The high voltage required for starting the process complicates the electronic circuitry and increases the cost of the device. Moreover, as energy-saving lamps are put into practical use, lighting failures occur, and they still have the potential to not be able to make a sufficient contribution to industry. Among lighting systems using electronic circuits, lighting devices using nonlinear capacitors have simple circuits and are superior in terms of cost. Although these capacitors have been commercialized as shown in Figure 1, they do not fully demonstrate the performance of nonlinear capacitors, have poor lighting performance at low temperatures (-5 to -10°C), and have poor lighting performance at high temperatures (60 to 70°C). The restartability was poor. That is, to explain the conventional example shown in FIG. 1, in FIG. 1, the semiconductor switch 3 is turned on at a voltage V1 and enters a conductive state as shown in FIG. ₂ , thereby preheating the filaments 1a and 1b.
This voltage V ₁ is applied to the nonlinear capacitor 4 by voltage division with the resistor 6, and a reverse charge is charged. The ballast 2 causes the delayed current to flow to the semiconductor switch 3.
When the holding current becomes lower _than the holding current _of
When the filament is sufficiently preheated, the voltage V ₃ causes the discharge lamp to start discharging. However, in conventional nonlinear capacitors, Ba
The main component is (TiSn) _O3 , and as shown in FIG. 3, the pulse voltage decreases rapidly near 30 to 35°C. Furthermore, since the resistor 6 is connected in series with the nonlinear capacitor 4, this causes a drop in pulse voltage at low temperatures, which causes lighting failures at low and high temperature side voltages. The present invention uses a semiconductor switch in place of the conventional resistor shown in FIG.
It is characterized by the use of a nonlinear capacitor made of (TiZr)O ₃ -based porcelain, and it not only prevents a drop in pulse voltage at low temperatures, but also
The range in which a high pulse voltage can be obtained is expanded to 65 to 70°C when the pulse voltage decreases at ~35°C, and the resistor 6 eliminates small pulses that occur even after lighting, and the nonlinear capacitor An additional effect has been discovered that also eliminates the beat noise generated by application of an alternating voltage. Hereinafter, the nonlinear capacitor used in the present invention will be explained in detail using examples. Example 1 As starting materials, BaCO ₃ , TiO ₂ , and ZrO ₂ were weighed to have the composition shown in Table 1, and wet-mixed with water and agate cobbles in a polyethylene pot for about 16 hours.
It was dried to obtain a prepared raw material. This was calcined at 1120°C for 2 hours, and then ground with water and agate cobbles in a polyethylene pot for about 16 hours, and about 3.0% of an organic binder was added to the super-dried raw material to make it into granules. Diameter 13.8mmφ, thickness 0.55 at 1ton/ ^cm2 pressure
Form into a mm disc shape. Next, a 12.0 mmφ silver electrode was applied to the porcelain obtained by baking it at 1400℃ for about 2 hours, and baking it at 800℃ for 30 minutes to obtain an element for a nonlinear ceramic capacitor. (IR), measure each electrical characteristic of pulse voltage,
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Table] In Table 1, sample numbers 2 to 6 are related to the present invention, and sample numbers 1 and 7 are characteristic examples shown for reference and are outside the scope of the present invention. Example 2 As starting materials, BaCO ₃ , TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ and MnO were weighed to have the composition shown in Table 2. A/B shown in Table 2 is BaA (Ti _1-x Zrx) BO ₃
This shows the composition ratio when These weighed starting materials were wet mixed together with water and agate cobbles in a polyethylene pot for about 16 hours.
A prepared raw material was obtained by filtering and drying. The same method as in Example 1 was used below.

[Table] In Table 2, sample numbers 2 to 6 and 9 to 11 are products of the present invention, and sample numbers 1, 7, 8, and 12 are products outside the scope of the present invention shown for reference. The electrical properties shown in Tables 1 and 2 are capacitance (permittivity) and tan δ measured at 1 kHz and 1 Vrms, and insulation resistance is the value after applying 100 VDC for 30 seconds. Materials for nonlinear capacitors used in discharge lamp lighting devices include materials with a high dielectric constant.
A ferroelectric material with a small coercive electric field is desirable, and BaTiO ₃ with a perovskite structure is currently optimal as a material that satisfies these conditions.
It has a Kiuri point at 5° C. and a crystal transformation point at around 5° C., and the high pulse voltage required for lighting is also temperature dependent. FIG. 3 shows the nonlinear capacitor of sample number 4 in Table 1 obtained by the above-mentioned example, and the resistance value R of the resistor 6 in FIG. 1 is A ₀ is R=0Ω, A ₀₅ is R=
500Ω, A ₁ has R=1kΩ, A ₂ and B ₂ have R=2kΩ, A ₄
shows the temperature dependence of the pulse voltage generated in the nonlinear capacitor when R=4 kΩ, B ₂ is a Ba(TiSn)O ₃ based nonlinear capacitor, and R=2 kΩ. Figure 4 also shows the nonlinear capacitor P-
This figure shows the temperature dependence of the coercive electric field Ec determined from E hysteresis. As shown in Figure 3, the pulse voltage of a nonlinear capacitor was found to be significantly improved by adding Zr to BaTiO _3. Figure ₃ shows the pulse voltage of a nonlinear capacitor. 8 mol% Zr
This figure shows an example of the characteristics of a composition system in which . The sudden change point of the pulse voltage is at 65 to 70°C in Fig. 3, and can be changed depending on the amount of Zr added. When the amount of Zr added is reduced, the sudden turning point shifts to the lower temperature side, and when the amount is increased, the Kyuri point moves to the lower temperature side, so the temperature rises to 65 to 70℃.
It was difficult to do more than that. Furthermore, on the low-temperature side, the coercive voltage Ec of the nonlinear capacitor has a large temperature dependence, as shown in ○A in FIG. 4, so we found that the pulse voltage characteristics can be improved by changing the circuit constants, especially the resistor 6 in FIG. 1. In addition, ○○ is for reference only.
This is a Ba(TiSn)O ₃ -based nonlinear capacitor. That is, near the current saturation point Es, the transient capacitance found from Figure 5 corresponds to 2.7 to 3.0 μF, and the impedance at this time is around 1 kΩ, and the series resistor 6 of the circuit in Figure 1 has the potential to become an extremely large load as a voltage dividing resistor. The voltage V ₁ when the semiconductor switch in Fig. 2 turns on is the nonlinear capacitor 4 and resistor 6.
R of resistor 6 = 1kΩ
At this time, the voltage applied to the nonlinear capacitor 4 is approximated as V ₁ /2. As a lighting device for a discharge lamp, the normal voltage _V1 in Figure 1 must be set lower than the peak value of the power supply and higher than the tube voltage during discharge of the discharge lamp.
For example, in the case of a 30W fluorescent lamp, it is set to around 100V, and the resistor 6 in FIG. 1 is set to 2 to 3 kΩ. As shown in FIG. 6, in the circuit of FIG. 1, the discharge lamp starts discharging due to the pulse of V ₂ and is turned on. Also, even after lighting, current flows in the forward and reverse directions through diode 5 and resistor 6 in Figure 1, so V ₃
However, if the resistor 6 in Figure 1 is small, it will not limit the current flowing to the nonlinear capacitor between a and b in Figure 6. Therefore, a small pulse is generated as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 7, and the semiconductor switch 3 in FIG. 1 is turned on at b', so that the upper half of FIG. 6 is not discharged and only the lower half wave is discharged. Therefore, in order to control the current flowing through the nonlinear capacitor 4, a series resistance of 2 to 3 kΩ is required in FIG. 1, and as shown in FIG. 3, the temperature dependence of the pulse voltage becomes extremely large in the low temperature region. For example, when the resistor 6 is 1 kΩ, the voltage applied to the nonlinear capacitor 4 becomes V ₁ /2 as described above. If the voltage applied to the nonlinear capacitor is V, then the eighth
There is a PE hysteresis as shown by the solid line in the figure, and the amount of residual polarization becomes Pr'. From Fig. 4, it is estimated that the hysteresis characteristic of the nonlinear capacitor is as shown in Fig. 8 at 20°C, and as shown in Fig. 9 near -20°C, and the amount of residual polarization is Pr''. As the resistance increases, the residual polarization Pr' near room temperature decreases as shown in Figure 4, so the pulse voltage decreases.This is clear from the results in Figure 3.Furthermore, at -20°C, Ec increases. 4
As the amount of spontaneous polarization Pr'' increases as shown in the figure, the amount of spontaneous polarization Pr'' becomes significantly smaller, and the drop in pulse voltage is significant. It is possible to reduce the thickness of the element, but if the thickness of the element is made thinner, the generated negative pulse voltage may cause dielectric breakdown of the nonlinear element itself, which is not preferable. By replacing SCR 7 with a semiconductor switch, the temperature dependence of the pulse voltage can be improved and the pulse after lighting can be eliminated.An example of this is shown in Fig. 10. Set the voltage to be higher than the tube voltage during discharge of the discharge lamp and lower than the voltage applied to the voltage dividing resistor R ₁ + R ₂ before discharge.
Set to V ₁ . For example, in the case of a 30W fluorescent lamp, approximately
Make it 90~100V. Further, as the semiconductor switch ₃₁ , an SCR or triac having a VBO higher than the power supply voltage is selected. In Figure 11
When the voltage reaches V ₁ , the SCR 7 is turned on and a voltage of V ₁ is applied to the nonlinear capacitor 4. Therefore, a pulse voltage is induced by the stabilizer 2, but when this pulse voltage reaches VBO, the semiconductor switch 3 ₁ turns on and becomes conductive, heating the filaments 1a and 1b of the discharge lamp. Stabilizer 2
The semiconductor switch 31 is turned off when the delayed current becomes smaller than the holding current of the semiconductor switch ₃₁ . At this time, a voltage of V ₂ is rapidly applied to the nonlinear capacitor 4, and a pulse voltage of V ₃ is generated. The tube voltage of the discharge lamp that started discharging with the pulse voltage of V ₄ is lower than the turn-on voltage of SCR7, so the SCR does not turn on, and after the start of discharge, the nonlinear capacitor is not charged with a reverse charge, so the voltage shown in Figure 6. A pulse voltage corresponding to V ₃ as shown is not generated. Also, regarding the temperature characteristics of the pulse voltage, V ₁ of the SCR 7 is larger than the Ec voltage of the nonlinear capacitor 4, so Ec shows 58V at -20°C from Figure 4, but in the case of a 30W fluorescent lamp. , V ₁ is set to 90 to 100 V, so the amount of residual polarization is approximately equal to Pr in Fig. 9, and the pulse temperature dependence in the low temperature section shows characteristics extremely close to the A ₀ characteristics in Fig. 3. No drop in pulse voltage is observed even at low temperatures. As described above, the discharge lamp lighting device according to the present invention has the following features:
Ba(TiZr)O ₃ as a composition of nonlinear capacitors
By using the system as the main component, not only the high temperature side is significantly improved, but also the 10th
As shown in the figure, by connecting semiconductor switching elements in series, the temperature characteristics on the low-temperature side can be improved, and the humming noise that occurs when the lamp is turned on can also be eliminated, which is a remarkable effect. ,
By easily obtaining a pulse voltage of 1000V at room temperature, the fluorescent lamp lights up fully within 1 second, and compared to conventional glow bulbs, it can be used almost instantaneously in the range of -20℃ to +80℃. This means that it can be turned on. Ba (TiZr), the main component of nonlinear capacitor 4
In O ₃ -based compositions, it can be reasonably assumed that the same effect can be expected even if Ca, Sr, Pb, etc. are substituted for Ba, or by substituting a small amount of Ti, Zr, etc. with Sn, etc. It is. As described above, the present invention makes full use of the performance of a nonlinear capacitor, and its ability to exhibit its effects has great industrial value.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a conventional discharge lamp circuit diagram, Figures 2, 6, and 7 are voltage waveform diagrams applied to the nonlinear capacitor in the circuit example of Figure 1, and Figure 3 is the discharge lamp lighting of Figure 1. Figure 4 is the coercive voltage-temperature characteristic diagram of a nonlinear capacitor, Figure 5 is a hysteresis characteristic diagram of a nonlinear capacitor, and Figures 8 and 9 are A hysteresis characteristic diagram of a nonlinear capacitor in a conventional discharge lamp lighting circuit, FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a discharge lamp lighting circuit of the present invention, and FIG. 11 shows a voltage waveform diagram applied to the nonlinear capacitor of the discharge lamp lighting circuit of FIG. . 1: discharge lamp, 2: inductive ballast, 3: semiconductor switch, 4: nonlinear capacitor, 5: diode, 6: resistor, 7: SCR.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A polycrystalline porcelain having an inductive ballast connected in series with a discharge lamp and a semiconductor switch connected in parallel with the discharge lamp, and further comprising barium titanate as a main component. A nonlinear capacitor containing zirconium as a subcomponent is connected in series with a semiconductor element having a rectifying function such as a diode, which is connected in parallel to the discharge lamp and in parallel with the semiconductor element. 1. A discharge lamp lighting device characterized in that a nonlinear capacitor is connected in series with a nonlinear capacitor, and a semiconductor element having a semiconducting switching function is connected in a direction opposite to the semiconductor element. 2. A nonlinear capacitor made of a polycrystalline ceramic composition containing barium titanate as a main component and containing 1 to 14 mol% of zirconium as a subcomponent is connected to the nonlinear capacitor according to claim 1. Discharge lamp lighting device.