JPH029560B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field to which the Invention Pertains] The present invention relates to a screw-type waste treatment apparatus and method that can prevent overload due to excessive input of waste or bulk waste.

[Prior art and its problems]

When waste such as garbage is pulverized and reduced in volume using a screw-type processing device, if an excessive amount of waste or bulky waste is introduced, the load becomes excessive. In such cases, the normal load was generally restored by repeating forward and reverse rotation of the screw, or by removing the tip of the cylindrical casing surrounding the screw and removing the waste that caused the overload. However, the former method is uncertain, and the latter method requires a lot of effort to remove.

[Purpose of the invention]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, it is an object of the present invention to provide a screw-type waste treatment apparatus and method that can reliably and easily prevent overload.

[Key points of the invention]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention rotates the screw in the opposite direction when overloaded, and discharges bulky waste, etc., which causes overload, from the discharge port provided in the cylindrical casing at the rear of the waste input port. Alternatively, the posture of the casing can be changed to restore the normal load, and if necessary, an opening/closing part can be provided at the tip of the casing to remove waste that may cause overload.

[Embodiments of the invention]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, in which a rotating screw 2 that is driven to rotate in reverse by an electric motor (not shown) is disposed inside a cylindrical casing 1. has been done. The casing 1 has an input port 4 for waste 3 on the outer periphery of the front end.
a large-diameter cylindrical rear casing 4 provided with a diameter, a medium-diameter cylindrical front casing 5 integrally connected to the front end surface of the rear casing 4, and a cone portion 6 connected to the front end surface of the front casing 5. It consists of a small-diameter cylindrical nozzle part 7 integrally connected with each other, and a discharge port 4b for the waste 3 is provided on the outer periphery of the rear end of the rear casing 4. The screw 2 is attached to the rear casing 4 and the screw shaft 8 in the casing 5.
and a degassing rod 9 in the nozzle part 7 are integrally connected by a taper part 10 in the cone part 6, and a screw blade is provided on the outer periphery from the inlet 4a of the screw shaft 8 to the root of the degassing rod 9. 11 in series. The waste 3 inputted from the input port 4a is transported while being crushed into small pieces as the screw blade 11 rotates, and is compressed and solidified in the cone section 6. When the waste 3 contains a large amount of plastic, frictional heat is generated when the pieces are kneaded by the rotation of the screw blade 11 and when compressed in the cone part 6, and this generated heat melts plastics with a low melting point. Some plastics act as binders when solidified. The waste 3 compressed by the cone part 6 is extracted from the tip of the nozzle part 7 as a cylindrical solid having a gas vent hole in the center.

A cutter 12 for cutting the bulky waste 3 is attached to the front edge of the input port 4a with a narrow gap between it and the outer periphery of the screw blade 11. When there is an overload due to excessive input of waste 3 or bulky waste 3, this is detected by the electric current of the electric motor, etc., and the screw 2 is rotated in the reverse direction, thereby returning the waste 3 toward the discharge port 4b. It's getting old. The rear part of the screw shaft 8 from the input port 4a has a smaller outer diameter than the front part to have a larger gap with the rear casing 4, and a screw blade 13 with a low height is provided in series with the screw blade 11 on the outer periphery. ing. A plurality of pins 15 are provided behind the screw blade 13 to facilitate the discharge of waste from the discharge port 4b. The screw blade 1
3 or pin 15 may be omitted. An annular plate 14 is attached to the rear end surface of the rear casing 4 for closing the passage through the screw shaft 8.
The screw 2 scrapes out the waste 3 that causes overload from the discharge port 4b, or scrapes out the bulky waste 3.
After changing the position and returning to normal load, rotate it in the normal direction again. Note that the waste 3 can also be discharged in the axial direction with a structure in which the discharge port 4b is closed and the annular plate 14 is not provided.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the waste treatment apparatus according to claim 2, in which a rotating screw 2 that is driven to rotate in reverse by an electric motor (not shown) is disposed inside a cylindrical casing 21. has been done. The casing 21 is a large diameter cylindrical rear casing 4 having an input port 4a for the waste 3 on the outer periphery of the front end.
, a medium-diameter cylindrical front casing 5 integrally connected to the front end surface of this rear casing 4 , and a small-diameter cylindrical nozzle portion 27 integrally connected to the front end surface of this front casing 5 via a cone portion 26 . Consisting of
The cone portion 26 and the nozzle portion 27 are formed by dividing the cone portion 26 into two in the radial direction and hingedly connecting the portion to the front end portion of the front casing 5 so as to be openable and closable. A discharge port 4b for the waste 3 is provided on the outer periphery of the rear end of the rear casing 4. The screw 2 connects the screw shaft 8 in the rear casing 4 and the front casing 5 and the degassing rod 9 in the nozzle part 27 to the cone part 2.
The screw blades 11 are connected together at a tapered portion 10 in the screw shaft 8 and formed by providing a series of screw blades 11 on the outer periphery from the inlet 4a portion of the screw shaft 8 to the root portion of the gas venting rod 9. The waste 3 inputted from the input port 4a is transported while being crushed into small pieces as the screw blade 11 rotates, and is compressed and solidified in the cone portion 26. When the waste 3 contains a large amount of plastic, frictional heat is generated when the pieces are kneaded by the rotation of the screw blade 11 and when compressed in the cone part 26, and the generated heat melts the plastic, which has a low melting point. Some plastics act as binders when solidified. The waste 3 compressed by the cone part 26 is extracted from the tip of the nozzle part 27 as a cylindrical solid having a gas vent hole in the center.

A screw blade 1 is provided at the front edge of the input port 4a.
A cutter 12 is attached to cut the bulky waste 3 with a narrow gap between the cutter 12 and the outer periphery of the waste. When there is an overload due to excessive loading of waste 3 or bulky waste 3, this is detected by the electric current of the electric motor, etc., and the screw 2 is rotated in the reverse direction, thereby removing the waste 3.
is returned toward the discharge port 4b. The rear part of the screw shaft 8 from the input port 4a has a smaller outer diameter than the front part to have a larger gap with the rear casing 4, and a screw blade 13 with a low height is provided in series with the screw blade 11 on the outer periphery. ing. This screw blade 13 can also be omitted. An annular plate 14 is attached to the rear end surface of the rear casing 4 to close the passage through the screw shaft 8. The screw 2 has a discharge port 4b.
After scraping out the waste material 3 that causes overload or changing the attitude of the bulky waste material 3, it is rotated in the normal direction again. There is no problem if the load returns to normal in this state, but
If there was still an overload caused by the entanglement of bulky waste 3, etc., the cone part 26 provided at the tip of the casing 21 and the nozzle part 27 (opening/closing part) were opened to remove the waste 3 causing the overload. Opening/closing part 2 again
6 and 27 and return to normal operation.

In the above embodiment, the cone portion 2 is divided into two parts in the radial direction.
6 and the nozzle part 27 to form the opening/closing part, the opening/closing part may be formed by hinge coupling only half of the cone part 26 and the nozzle part 27 in the radial direction. 26,2
7 can also be formed so that it can be pulled out in the axial direction with a guide. In the case of this pull-out type, the opening/closing part 26,
27 must be supported by a hydraulic cylinder or the like to prevent it from moving due to the pressing force of the cone portion 26. In addition, as shown in FIG.
The partial opening/closing part 38 may be hinged to at least one of the nozzle part 37 and the nozzle part 37 so as to be openable and closable.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to this invention, in the screw-type waste treatment apparatus and method, the screw is rotated in the opposite direction when overloaded, and bulky waste, etc. The casing is discharged or its position is changed to return it to normal load, and the tip of the casing is also provided with an opening/closing part that can be opened and closed as necessary to remove waste that may cause overload. The effect is that overload due to excessive input of waste or bulk waste can be reliably and easily prevented.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 and 2 are longitudinal sectional views of an embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the invention. 1, 21...Casing, 2...Screw,
3...Waste, 4a...Input port, 4b...Outlet port, 8...Screw shaft, 11...Screw blade, 26, 27, 38...Opening/closing part.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A rotary screw with screw blades provided on the outer periphery is disposed in a cylindrical casing, and waste is inputted from an input port provided on the outer periphery of the casing while being transferred by the screw. In waste treatment equipment that uses the kneading and compression action of blades to crush, shape, solidify, and extrude from the tip of the casing,
The screw is provided so as to be able to rotate in reverse, the screw blade is provided in the front part from the input port of the screw, and the gap between the outer periphery of the screw shaft and the casing at the rear part from the input port is made larger than that at the front part,
A screw-type waste disposal device characterized in that a waste discharge port during reverse rotation is provided near the rear end of the rear casing. 2. A rotating screw with screw blades provided on the outer periphery is disposed inside a cylindrical casing, and the screw is used to transfer the waste input through the input port provided on the outer periphery of the casing, while the screw blades perform kneading and compression actions. In the waste treatment equipment that crushes, shapes, solidifies and extrudes from the tip of the casing,
The screw is provided so as to be able to rotate in reverse, the screw blade is provided in the front part from the input port of the screw, and the gap between the outer periphery of the screw shaft and the casing at the rear part from the input port is made larger than that at the front part,
A screw-type waste disposal device characterized in that a waste discharge port during reverse rotation is provided near the rear end of the rear casing, and an opening/closing part that can be opened and closed is provided at the tip of the casing. 3. A rotating screw with screw blades on the outer periphery is disposed inside a cylindrical casing, and the screw is used to transfer the waste input through the input port provided on the outer periphery of the casing, while the screw blades perform kneading and compression actions. In the waste treatment method, the waste is crushed, shaped, solidified, and then extruded from the tip of the casing.
When the screw is overloaded, the screw is reversely rotated to discharge the bulky waste that causes the overload from the discharge port provided in the casing at the rear of the inlet, or after changing its position, the screw is rotated in the forward direction, and the screw is rotated forward when the screw is overloaded. In this case, a screw-type waste disposal method is characterized in that an opening/closing part provided at the tip of the casing is opened to remove waste that causes overload.