JPH0317624B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a truing tool for shaping and adjusting a grindstone, and particularly to a block type profile truing tool.

[Background of the Invention] The main functions of a truing tool or dresser in adjusting the machined surface of a grinding wheel are, on the one hand, to remove abrasive grains that have lost their sharpness and metal particles that have adhered to the machined surface of the grinding wheel during use. One objective is to recreate the correct geometry of the abrasive grains.

In other words, in order to prevent the workpiece from being machined with an inaccurate overall shape, or profile, of the grinding wheel and reducing the machining accuracy, the grinding wheel is generally replaced with a new one at predetermined intervals. be done. In precision grinding, this exchange is performed with extremely high precision. However, it is expensive to replace a grinding wheel with a precise profile each time, so it is known to regenerate the grinding wheel by truing (shaping) the surface of the grinding wheel. The tool for this purpose is a truing tool, which is also sometimes referred to as a dresser because it generally also performs a dressing function at the same time.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The use of diamond tools as truing tools or dressers has been known for some time. Namely, diamond single-stone dresser, diamond multi-stone dresser, and diamond dresser.
There are truing blocks, diamond truing rolls, etc.

Among these truing tools, in order to quickly shape the full-form grinding wheel, it is necessary to use a full-form truing tool that has a profile to be transferred. It becomes a stone truing roll. In both cases, shaping is performed by moving (rotating) the grinding wheel relative to the corresponding profile portion of the truing tool with respect to the grinding wheel (to be shaped). A multi-stone truing block performs cutting to a small depth many times by relative movement with a grinding wheel. Note that the multi-stone diamond rotary truing roll performs rotational movement, preferably relative rotational movement with respect to the grinding wheel that also rotates, when shaping the grinding wheel.

A positive method and a negative method are known as methods for manufacturing multi-stone diamond tools. In the positive method, diamond grains are placed on a dimensionally accurate substrate and metal is bonded by electrodeposition. Multi-stone diamond tools made in this manner have limited accuracy. In the case of the negative method, the aim is to improve shape accuracy. That is, a diamond is manually attached with electrodeposited or sintered metal to a forming ring whose inner shape corresponds exactly to the multi-stone truing roll to be made.
They are then combined using various methods. Removal of the forming ring results in a multi-stone truing roll with an outer contour corresponding to the desired shape.

By varying the diamond particle size, manufacturing technique and metal or plastic binder used, a variety of multi-stone truing rolls are obtained. In this case, the multi-stone diamond truing roll is such that, with some exceptions, the entire surface of the truing roll is coated with a single layer of diamond particles forming a closed surface.

[Problem to be Solved by the Invention] In such a multi-stone diamond truing tool, a great deal of effort is required to embed countless diamond particles in a predetermined shape accurately and uniformly distributed over the surface so as to form a predetermined profile. with difficulties.
Furthermore, it is even more difficult to regenerate (shape) the truing tool itself after its use. In addition, the profile surface of such multi-stone truing tools is formed by a discontinuous series of tips of individual diamond stones, and its accuracy is limited. It is impossible to provide a profile shape and has not been put to practical use.

In addition, since these full-form truing tools are also processed by the grinding wheel while the grinding wheel is being processed and shaped, they need to be constructed from the hardest material. For this reason, diamond is generally used as the stone for truing tools, but the material itself is expensive, and
The difficulty of producing full-form profiles makes them even more expensive.

The basic object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the conventional methods described above, to provide a shaped grinding wheel with extremely high geometrical precision and sharpness, and to form a truing tool to improve the life and efficiency of use of the grinding wheel. Our goal is to provide the following. Furthermore, it is also intended to create a truing tool that is easy to manufacture and reproduce.

[Solution Means] This object is based on the present invention, in which plates made of a hard or ultra-hard material having a predetermined shape in a cross section intersecting the direction of relative movement of the tool with respect to the workpiece are spaced apart from each other in the direction of the relative movement, and the plates are attached to the tool base. This is achieved by a block-type general truing tool characterized in that a synthetic profile is formed by disposing the block-type truing tool.

[Preferred Embodiment] When the block type full-form truing tool of the present invention is used, the grinding wheel is typically rotated into contact with the tool profile, and the tool is essentially fixed in position for shaping. However, for feeding purposes, shaping is performed while slightly gradually moving the tool at that position. In order to use further plates, successive feeding movements are performed. In the present invention, the term "block type" is a concept that is contrasted with a rotary dresser in which shaping work is performed while the tool rotates.

In this case, the hard or ultrahard material is, for example, polycrystalline synthetic diamond, cubic boron nitride, tungsten compounds or titanium compounds (such as carbides).
It is preferable to use cemented carbide or ceramics. In an embodiment of the invention, the plate is constructed as a sintered unit of hard or ultra-hard material, or by coating or laminating this material onto a substrate having a defined shape. If the substrate with the coating is used as a shaped plate, the known methods used in diamond cuttings, hard metal cuttings or ceramic cuttings (e.g. electrodeposition,
vapor deposition method) can be adopted.

The profile formed by the cutting edge shape portion is composed of a plurality of plates installed at least in a direction of relative movement with respect to the workpiece (hereinafter referred to as relative movement direction) and spaced apart from each other. In this case, it is preferable to combine the cutting edge shapes of a plurality of plates by overlapping them in the direction of relative movement. It is also particularly useful to arrange one or more plates in each cross section perpendicular to the direction of relative movement, so that a continuous profile is formed as a composite of these plates.

The plates are spaced apart from each other in the main axis or long axis direction of the truing tool base, in the transverse direction, in the vertical direction, or in a combination of these directions, depending on the relative movement direction of the truing tool base with respect to the object to be shaped and the shape of the tool base (block-shaped base). The plate surface also takes a corresponding angle with respect to the tool base.

A preferred embodiment of the truing tool according to the invention is roll-shaped and has a disk-like or short-shaft-like block base body, the truing tool having a block base body in the form of a disc or a short shaft, which is arranged spaced apart from each other on the circumference of the shaft-like member. It has a protruding segment. A plate made of a hard or super hard material having a predetermined shape is arranged on the chest surface of this segment. The segments preferably consist of circumferential portions of the shaft member separated by radial notches which also serve as grinding debris receiving chambers.

The profile of this roll-shaped truing tool is composed of the tip of a predetermined shaped plate of two or more segments provided on the shaft member (base body),
It usually consists of a composite of the cutting edge shapes of plates. As this cutting edge shape portion, for example, the front surface or rear surface edge of the plate can be used from the viewpoint of accuracy and ease of processing. After one truing operation, the roll-type truing tool sequentially feeds and rotates the profiles belonging to each segment to determine their angular positions, and each time performs shaping operations using the profiles belonging to the next segment. However, these profiles are combined with each other to form one composite profile.

When it is not possible to obtain synthetic diamond plates having arbitrary dimensions and a predetermined shape, a profile is formed by arranging a large number of plates on one chest surface and synthesizing the profile. In this case, for example, plates of a predetermined shape arranged on the chest surfaces of adjacent segments are shifted from each other and overlapped when viewed from the direction of relative movement. Thus, the continuity of the synthetic profile is well ensured,
Further, in the shaping process, there is an advantage that the joints between a plurality of plates arranged side by side within the same chest surface are not affected by wear.

In an embodiment of the invention, a grinding debris receiving chamber is provided in the base member and in front of the plate or chest surface, which can accommodate metal particles and abrasive grains produced during adjustment of the grinding wheel. With this configuration, in the present invention, grinding debris (metal chips, etc.) does not adhere to the truing tool, unlike in the case of conventional multi-stone diamond truing tools (multi-stone diamond rotary dresser, etc.), and therefore This eliminates the need for such an expensive grinding debris removal device.

Other important effects of the above-mentioned arrangement of the plate on the chest surface are that the plate can be easily fixed to the base, the positioning becomes more accurate and easier, and the re-polishing or correction polishing of the plate edge is also easier.
Accurate profiles can be easily created and maintained.

In addition, in the case of a truing tool in the form of a columnar truing block with a base body having a long axis, a plate made of a hard or ultra-hard material of a predetermined shape is provided on the breast surface of the protrusions spaced apart from each other on the base body. , the plate constitutes the cutting edge shape portion of the truing block. When a plurality of plates are arranged on the front surface of the protrusion, it is preferable to form a profile by combining plates made of a hard or ultra-hard material with a predetermined shape and provided on at least two protrusions. At the same time, a grinding debris receiving chamber can also be provided in front of the projection. When using a columnar block type truing tool, the grinding wheel is rotated and shaped by contacting one or more profile surfaces each time, and the tool or grinding wheel is sequentially fed in a fixed direction until the next profile surface ( or a pair thereof) can be used to perform the shaping operation. The number of profile planes can be selected arbitrarily.

[Example] The present invention will be described in detail below based on the drawings.

In FIG. 1, eight segments 14 are shown in the illustrated example.
A roll-type truing tool 10 according to the present invention is shown comprising a base or shaft member 12 having a shape. A small hard metal piece 16 is provided on the chest surface 14a of the segment 14. In the head area of each of the pieces there is a carrier material 2 which serves to hold a polycrystalline synthetic diamond plate 18 of a predetermined shape.
0 is fixed. The carrier material 20 preferably consists of cemented carbide. Of course, the plate 18 is made of a hard or ultra-hard cutting material other than polycrystalline synthetic diamond.
It can also be provided directly on 4a. Note that the hard metal piece 16 may be made of the same material as the base body or the shaft member, or may be omitted. The polycrystalline diamond plate itself can also be used as a laminate with cemented carbide, and can be directly welded to the base (shaft member) by brazing or the like.

As is clear from FIG. 2, a plurality of diamond pieces 18 are often used to obtain the desired shape.
(hatch portion) is provided on the chest surface of the segment 14. When shaping the grinding wheel, the joints between the composite diamond platelets should be closely spaced so that they do not affect the geometrical accuracy, i.e. they do not create undesirable depressions or bulges on the grinding wheel, for example. The diamond platelets 18 on the segments 14 are offset from each other. In this way, when the truing roll is rotated, the joint areas are overlapped and covered, so that a very precise geometric precision of the grinding wheel is guaranteed. As can be seen from FIG. 2, on one segment 22 two composite diamond platelets 18 are provided, while on the next segment 24 there is only one composite diamond platelet 18 in the joint area of the platelets 18 of the preceding segment 22. A diamond platelet 18 is provided. Note that, unlike the case of a rotary truing roll, a block truing tool (roll type) does not particularly require adjustment of the rotational balance.

In this embodiment, a simple shape made up of diamond platelets 18 is shown, but of course, any shape can be used as shown in FIG.

For example, currently 1.5mm or 3.2mm thick, 13.7mm diameter
In order to obtain the desired shape using polycrystalline synthetic diamond (sintered compact) platelets obtained in the form of mm, electrical discharge machining, electron beam machining, laser beam machining, gas machining such as high-temperature oxygen blowing, and high-pressure water jet are used. The plate can be processed by machining, polishing, etc. A high degree of accuracy in the shape of the diamond platelets 18 is thus guaranteed, so that when using the truing tool according to the invention, geometric accuracy as well as
A grinding wheel surface is obtained which is characterized by extremely high sharpness resulting in long-term durability.

In order to easily remove unsharpened abrasive grains and metal particles that are removed during adjustment operations of the grinding wheel, in front of the plate 18 there is a grinding waste chamber 26 which can accommodate the corresponding particles. There are one each. In contrast to the use of known multi-stone truing blocks or truing rolls with a continuous surface coated with diamond grains, no corresponding complicated removal operations of the grains are necessary.

FIG. 5 shows details of a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG.
Plate 18 is lined with carrier material 20;
It is fixed to the small metal piece 16a.

FIG. 3 shows a side view 30 of a tool in the form of a truing block having a protrusion 32 on the cylindrical base 28 with a cutting edge member 34 on the chest surface. In this case, the cutting member 34 is a hard or ultra-hard material consisting of a compact unit in the form of a shaped plate or a substrate coated with cutting material. In this case, the protrusion 32 can be an integral part of the base body 28 or can be mounted on said base body.

The embodiment of FIG. 3 uses a shaped polycrystalline synthetic diamond plate bonded to the substrate 28 by means of a carrier material (which also forms protrusions).

FIG. 4 shows a front view of an example of a cutting edge shaped portion forming a profile according to the present invention. As is clear from the figure, the shaped surface of the protrusion is constructed from a number of machined plates made of hard or ultra-hard material, but it can also be made into an integral structure in accordance with the development of hard or ultra-hard materials. Further, the tip end surface of the cutting edge is preferably tilted backward by a predetermined angle α (usually several degrees or more to about 15 degrees) from a straight line 35 connecting the front surface edge ends forming the cutting edge shape portion in FIG.

In the above embodiment, the plate surface is arranged parallel to the radial direction of the rotating member, but it may be arranged at an angle that intersects with the radial direction. Further, the edge may be provided not only at the outer end corner of the plate surface but also within the outer end surface of the plate.
Furthermore, the long axis of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 (left and right direction in the figure)
Alternatively, the profile surfaces may be arranged at predetermined intervals on a circular arc (concave or convex) that forms part of a great circle.

[Effects of the Invention] In the present invention, by combining plates made of hard or ultra-hard materials to synthesize and form a profile, extremely high precision can be ensured, and the grinding wheel can be shaped quickly and accurately. Contributes to increasing usage efficiency and lifespan of Composite profiles can be formed by dividing each plate (small plate), so even complex or large profiles can be easily formed, and there is no sticking of grinding debris (metal layer) like in conventional multi-stone diamond truing tools. Therefore, the removal work becomes unnecessary.

Furthermore, the truing tool according to the present invention can modify the shape of the cutting blade material plate of a predetermined shape provided on the chest surface by electric discharge machining or the like, and can also be replaced in some cases, so that manufacturing and modification (reproduction) of the truing tool are easy. It has the advantage of being easy to perform. In addition, since a large number of profile surfaces can be arranged at predetermined intervals on one columnar or roll-shaped substrate, by sending them sequentially and using them, the entire shape can be formed with higher precision and faster than with conventional multi-stone block dressers. I can do it.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 is a side view of a truing tool according to the invention in the form of a truing roll; FIG.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the truing tool according to another embodiment, and FIG. 4 is an end view of the plate surface of the truing tool of FIG. 3. FIG. 5 shows a partial side view of a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 10,30...truing tool, 18,34
...A plate made of hard or super hard material.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Plates made of hard or ultra-hard material having a predetermined shape in a cross section intersecting the direction of relative movement of the tool with respect to the workpiece are arranged on a block-shaped tool base so as to be spaced apart from each other in the direction of relative movement. A block-type full-form truing tool characterized by forming a composite profile by 2. The truing tool according to claim 1, further comprising a grinding debris storage chamber provided in front of the plate. 3. Claim 1, wherein the plates are arranged spaced apart from each other in the direction of the main axis of the base body.
The truing tool according to item 1 or 2. 4. The base body has a rotation axis, and the plates are arranged spaced apart from each other in a predetermined circumferential direction around the rotation axis, and after one truing operation are rotated at a predetermined angle around the rotation axis. The truing tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the truing tool is angularly positioned by moving the tool. 5. The truing tool according to claim 1, wherein the composite profile is synthesized by overlapping the plurality of plates in the relative movement direction. 6. The truing tool according to claim 1, wherein the composite profile is formed by combining one or more of the plates arranged in each of the cross sections. 7. The truing tool according to claim 1, wherein the plate is disposed on the breast surface of the projections spaced apart from each other on the base body. 8. Truing tool according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the composite profile is constituted by an edge of the plate. 9. Claim 1, wherein the hard or ultrahard material is polycrystalline synthetic diamond, cubic boron nitride, cemented carbide such as a tungsten compound or titanium compound, ceramics, or a composite thereof. - The truing tool according to item 7. 10. One of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the plate is formed by a sintered unit made of a hard or ultra-hard material, or by coating or laminating the material on a base material having a predetermined shape. Truing tools described in.