JPH0320027B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0320027B2 JPH0320027B2 JP58214330A JP21433083A JPH0320027B2 JP H0320027 B2 JPH0320027 B2 JP H0320027B2 JP 58214330 A JP58214330 A JP 58214330A JP 21433083 A JP21433083 A JP 21433083A JP H0320027 B2 JPH0320027 B2 JP H0320027B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- agent
- ignition
- exothermic
- guide hole
- exothermic agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
- H01M6/36—Deferred-action cells containing electrolyte and made operational by physical means, e.g. thermal cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Description
産業上の用分野
本発明は、熱電池内部で発熱し熱電池を活性化
させる発熱剤への着火構造の改良に関するもので
ある。
従来例の構成とその問題点
熱電池は通常350℃以上の融点をもつ溶融塩を
電解質に用いるため、常温では不活性で実用的に
全く電力を供給しない。この長所、すなわち長期
貯蔵後も新品同様の電池と変りない特性を示すこ
とから非常用・緊急用電源として主に用いられて
いる電池である。その用途上、使用時には確実に
作動して電力を供給すること、使用が簡便である
ことという要素は満足せねばならない。
そのため、一般形の熱電池には発電部のほかに
溶融塩電解質を加熱溶融させる発熱剤を内蔵さ
せ、その発熱剤に着火させるための火炎を発する
点火器を組込んでいる構造としたものが多い。具
体的には発電部として、負極にカルシウム，電解
質に塩化カリウムと塩化リチウムとの共融塩（融
点352℃），正極活物質にクロム酸カルシウム，集
電板にニツケルを用いている。
一方、発熱剤は金属粉末と酸化剤との混合物を
用いるテルミツト反応を利用したもので、その組
合せは用途と要求性能によつて種々のものが考え
られているが、近年自ら集電体として働く鉄−過
塩素酸カリウム系の発熱剤がよく用いられてきて
いる。しかし、この系の発熱剤は着火性が悪いた
め、従来の様に点火器からの火炎のみで点火する
方式では着火しない場合があり、特殊で複雑な方
法を用いなければならなかつた。例えば第27回パ
ワーソースシンポジユームでアーレン・ジルドウ
インが報告しているように、電池の外周に着火性
の良い発熱剤（例えばZr−BaCrO4混合物）を細
長い帯状にした着火片を設け、この着火片を燃焼
させて発熱剤に着火する方法がとられている。し
かし、このような細長い帯状の着火片は強度を持
たせることは難しいために、電池に加えられる振
動や衝撃によつて着火片が切断され、発熱剤の一
部にしか着火しないことがあり、電池の活性化の
信頼性を著しく低化させていた。
発明の目的
本発明は、主熱源として着火性の悪い鉄−過塩
素酸カリウム系発熱剤を有する熱電池において、
振動や衝撃が印加されても、この系の発熱剤に確
実に着火させて熱電池の活性化の信頼性を向上す
ることを目的とする。
発明の構成
本発明は、火導孔を設けた素電池と素電池の火
導孔と同位置に火導孔を設けた鉄−過塩素酸カリ
ウム系発熱剤を有する熱電池において、発熱剤の
火導孔付近に発熱剤の火導孔の側部を部分的に、
もしくは全部にわたつて被うように発熱剤よりも
着火性の良い着火剤を設けた構成とするものであ
る。
実施例の説明
以下、本発明の実施例による熱電池について図
により説明する。第１図は着火剤を備えた発熱剤
の縦断面図を示し、１−１が鉄−過塩素酸カリウ
ム系の発熱剤で、１−２が着火剤である。第１図
のａはリング状をした着火剤１−２が円板状の発
熱剤１−１の中央部に設けられた円形の火導孔内
に挿入され、発熱剤１−１の火導孔の側部を完全
に被う場合である。ｂは発熱剤１−１の火導孔部
に火導孔径より大きな径で凹部を設け、そこに発
熱剤１−１の火導孔と同じ径の穴を有するリング
状の着化剤１−２を設置し発熱剤１−１の火導孔
側部の一部分を被つたものである。ｃは発熱剤１
−１の火導孔部にｂと同様の凹部を設け、そこに
円板状の着火剤１−２を配したものである。ここ
で、着火剤としてはジルコニウム−クロム酸バリ
ウム系またはジルコニウム−クロム酸鉛−過マン
ガン酸カリウム系の発熱剤のように着火性の良い
ものを用いる。また、着火剤１−２は熱源という
よりはむしろ発熱剤１−１に着火するための火種
を主な役割とするため、発熱剤１−１の火導孔付
近にのみ構成し、発熱剤１−１から発生する熱量
に影響しない方が良い。
次に第１図のｂに示す発熱剤と着火剤を用いて
構成した積層形熱電池について説明する。第２図
がその積層形熱電池の縦断面図であり、１−１と
１−２は第１図と同様のものを示しており、本実
施例では発熱剤１−１に鉄と過塩素酸カリウムの
混合物を、着火剤１−２には着火性にすぐれたジ
ルコニウムクロム酸バリウムとの混合物を用い
た。２は素電池で、正極活物質にクロム酸カルシ
ウム，負極活物質にカルシウム、そして電解質と
はKCl−LiCl溶融塩を用いて構成した。この素電
池２と着火剤１−２を組み込んだ発熱剤１−１を
交互に積み重ねて積層体を構成し、周囲をを断熱
材９で被つて積層電池を試作した。
素電池２を着火導１−２を組み込んだ発熱剤１
−１の火導孔は同じ位置にくるように対応させて
あり、それぞれの火導孔はつながつて積層体火導
孔４を構成する。この様に構成すれば、着火剤１
−２は素電池２と発熱剤１−１との間にしつかり
とはさまれ、振動や衝撃が加わつてもくずれたり
破壊したりすることなく強固な構成を保つことが
できる。
図中、３は電池を起動するための点火器であ
り、入力端子６から電気信号を入れると連続した
火導孔４内へ火炎を発する。そしてまず着火剤１
−２に着火し、次にこの着火剤１−２の燃焼を種
火として主熱源である発熱剤１−１に着火する。
５は出力端子である。７は電池の外装蓋で、外装
ケース８とアルゴン溶接され積層体を密封してい
る。
図には示さなかつたが、第１図ａに示す構成を
用いても上記で説明したｂと同様となる。また、
第１図ｃの場合では、第２図に示した積層体火導
孔４は、電池を起動する以前は着火剤１−２によ
つてさえぎられるが、点火器３から発せられる火
炎のいきおいによつて破られ、各層の着火剤１−
２が着火される。従つて、ａ，ｂと同様の効果を
得ることができる。
なお本実施例で火導孔は、素電池および発熱剤
の中央部に設けたが、任意の部分に設けることが
可能である。
発明の効果
本発明の効果を見るために、先に述べた積層形
熱電池を５個試作し加速度250G，印加時間11ms
の衝撃を加えたのち、最小合成加速度12Grms，
加速度パワースペクトラム密度0.10G2／Hzのラン
ダム振動を印加しながら放電を行ない、その特性
を調べた。この際従来法による電池も５個試作し
同様の試験を行なつた。次表に結果を表した。
INDUSTRIAL FIELD The present invention relates to an improved structure for igniting a heat generating agent that generates heat inside a thermal battery and activates the thermal battery. Conventional configurations and their problems Since thermal batteries usually use molten salt with a melting point of 350°C or higher as an electrolyte, they are inactive at room temperature and do not supply any power in practical terms. Because of this advantage, that is, it exhibits the same characteristics as a new battery even after long-term storage, it is a battery that is mainly used as an emergency power source. For its purpose, it must satisfy the following requirements: it operates reliably and supplies power during use, and it is easy to use. Therefore, in addition to the power generation part, general thermal batteries have a built-in exothermic agent that heats and melts the molten salt electrolyte, and an igniter that emits a flame to ignite the exothermic agent. many. Specifically, the power generation section uses calcium for the negative electrode, a eutectic salt of potassium chloride and lithium chloride (melting point: 352°C) for the electrolyte, calcium chromate for the positive electrode active material, and nickel for the current collector plate. On the other hand, exothermic agents utilize a thermite reaction using a mixture of metal powder and an oxidizing agent, and various combinations have been considered depending on the application and required performance. Iron-potassium perchlorate exothermic agents have been frequently used. However, this type of exothermic agent has poor ignitability, so the conventional method of igniting it using only the flame from an igniter may not ignite it, necessitating the use of a special and complicated method. For example, as reported by Arlen Gildwin at the 27th Power Source Symposium, an ignition strip containing a highly ignitable exothermic agent (for example, a Zr-BaCrO 4 mixture) in the form of a long strip is installed around the outer circumference of the battery. The method used is to burn the pieces and ignite the exothermic agent. However, it is difficult to make such elongated strip-shaped ignition strips strong enough to cause the ignition strips to break due to vibrations or shocks applied to the battery, resulting in only a portion of the exothermic agent being ignited. This significantly reduced the reliability of battery activation. Purpose of the Invention The present invention provides a thermal battery having an iron-potassium perchlorate exothermic agent with poor ignitability as a main heat source.
The purpose is to reliably ignite this type of exothermic agent even when vibrations or shocks are applied, thereby improving the reliability of activation of a thermal battery. Structure of the Invention The present invention provides a thermal battery having a heat guide hole provided therein and an iron-potassium perchlorate heat generating agent provided with a fire guide hole in the same position as the heat guide hole of the unit cell. Partially place the side of the exothermic agent's fire pipe near the fire pipe.
Alternatively, an ignition agent having better ignitability than the exothermic agent is provided so as to cover the entire area. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, thermal batteries according to embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a heat generating agent provided with an ignition agent, in which 1-1 is an iron-potassium perchlorate-based exothermic agent, and 1-2 is an ignition agent. In Fig. 1a, a ring-shaped ignition agent 1-2 is inserted into a circular flame guide hole provided in the center of a disc-shaped exothermic agent 1-1. This is the case when the sides of the hole are completely covered. In b, a ring-shaped adhesive 1- is provided with a concave portion having a diameter larger than the diameter of the flame guide hole in the flame guide hole of the heat generating agent 1-1, and has a hole with the same diameter as the flame guide hole of the heat generating agent 1-1. 2 is installed to cover a part of the side of the fire guide hole of the exothermic agent 1-1. c is exothermic agent 1
A concave portion similar to that in b is provided in the fire guide hole portion of -1, and a disc-shaped ignition agent 1-2 is arranged therein. Here, as the ignition agent, one with good ignitability is used, such as a zirconium-barium chromate-based exothermic agent or a zirconium-lead chromate-potassium permanganate-based exothermic agent. In addition, since the ignition agent 1-2 mainly serves as a spark for igniting the exothermic agent 1-1 rather than a heat source, it is configured only near the flame guide hole of the exothermic agent 1-1. It is better not to affect the amount of heat generated from -1. Next, a laminated thermal battery constructed using the exothermic agent and the ignition agent shown in FIG. 1b will be explained. Figure 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the laminated thermal battery, and 1-1 and 1-2 are similar to those shown in Figure 1. In this example, the exothermic agent 1-1 contains iron and perchlorine. A mixture of potassium chloride and zirconium barium chromate, which has excellent ignitability, was used as the ignition agent 1-2. Reference numeral 2 is a unit cell constructed using calcium chromate as a positive electrode active material, calcium as a negative electrode active material, and KCl-LiCl molten salt as an electrolyte. This unit cell 2 and the exothermic agent 1-1 incorporating the ignition agent 1-2 were stacked alternately to form a laminate, and the periphery was covered with a heat insulating material 9 to fabricate a laminate battery. Exothermic agent 1 incorporating unit cell 2 and ignition guide 1-2
-1 are arranged to correspond to each other so that they are located at the same position, and the respective fire pipes are connected to form a stacked body fire pipe 4. With this configuration, the ignition agent 1
-2 is tightly sandwiched between the unit cell 2 and the exothermic agent 1-1, and can maintain a strong structure without crumbling or breaking even when subjected to vibrations or shocks. In the figure, numeral 3 is an igniter for starting the battery, and when an electric signal is input from an input terminal 6, a flame is emitted into the continuous flame guide hole 4. And first, igniter 1
-2 is ignited, and then the exothermic agent 1-1, which is the main heat source, is ignited using the combustion of this igniter 1-2 as a pilot fire.
5 is an output terminal. Reference numeral 7 denotes a battery exterior cover, which is argon welded to the exterior case 8 to seal the stack. Although not shown in the figure, even if the configuration shown in FIG. 1a is used, the result is similar to b described above. Also,
In the case of FIG. 1c, the laminated body fire guide hole 4 shown in FIG. The ignition agent 1-
2 is ignited. Therefore, the same effects as a and b can be obtained. In this example, the fire guide hole was provided in the center of the unit cell and the exothermic agent, but it can be provided in any arbitrary portion. Effects of the Invention In order to see the effects of the present invention, five of the above-mentioned laminated thermal batteries were prototyped, and the acceleration was 250G and the application time was 11ms.
After applying the impact, the minimum resultant acceleration is 12Grms,
Discharge was performed while applying random vibrations with an acceleration power spectrum density of 0.10G 2 /Hz, and its characteristics were investigated. At this time, five trial batteries were manufactured using the conventional method and the same tests were conducted. The results are shown in the table below.
【表】
表から明らかなように、従来品には印加された
衝撃や振動により、外周に設けた細長い帯状着火
片の切断により一部の発熱剤が燃焼しない場合が
生じ、電池が活性化しなかつたものが５個中２個
という非常に高い確率で発生した。しかし、本発
明品では高衝撃，高振動条件下でも着火剤の破壊
が起こらず確実に発熱剤に着火しており、格段に
活性化の信頼性が向上されている。[Table] As is clear from the table, in conventional products, some of the exothermic agent may not burn due to the long, thin strip of ignition strip provided on the outer periphery being cut due to the impact or vibration applied, resulting in the battery not being activated. This occurred with a very high probability of 2 out of 5. However, in the product of the present invention, even under high impact and high vibration conditions, the exothermic agent is reliably ignited without destruction of the igniter, and the reliability of activation is significantly improved.
第１図ａ，ｂ，ｃは本発明の実施例による発熱
剤と着火剤の縦断面図、第２図は本発明の発熱剤
と着火剤を用いた積層形熱電池の縦断面図であ
る。
１−１……発熱剤、１−２……着火剤、２……
素電池、４……積層体火導孔。
Figures 1a, b, and c are longitudinal sectional views of a heat generating agent and an igniter according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a laminated thermal battery using the exothermic agent and igniter of the present invention. . 1-1... exothermic agent, 1-2... ignition agent, 2...
Unit battery, 4...Laminated body fire guide hole.
Claims (1)
−過塩素酸カリウム系発熱剤１−１とを有し、 前記発熱剤１−１と前記素電池２とは交互に積
層され、 素電池２の火導孔と対応する発熱剤部分には火
導孔が設けられ、 前記発熱剤１−１の火導孔付近には発熱剤より
も着火性のよい着火剤１−２が配置され、 火導孔側部の一部又は全部をこの着火剤１−２
で覆つたことを特徴とする 熱電池。 ２ 着火剤がジルコニウム−クロム酸バリウム系
着火剤、またはジルコニウム−クロム酸鉛−過マ
ンガン酸カリウム系着火剤である特許請求の範囲
第１項記載の熱電池。[Scope of Claims] 1. A unit cell 2 having a fire guide hole, and an iron-potassium perchlorate exothermic agent 1-1 as a main heat source, wherein the exothermic agent 1-1 and the unit cell 2 are alternately stacked, a fire guide hole is provided in the part of the exothermic agent corresponding to the fire guide hole of the unit cell 2, and an ignition hole having better ignitability than the exothermic agent is provided near the fire guide hole of the exothermic agent 1-1. The ignition agent 1-2 is placed, and a part or all of the side part of the ignition hole is covered with this ignition agent 1-2.
A thermal battery characterized by being covered with. 2. The thermal battery according to claim 1, wherein the ignition agent is a zirconium-barium chromate-based ignition agent or a zirconium-lead chromate-potassium permanganate-based ignition agent.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58214330A JPS60107264A (en) | 1983-11-14 | 1983-11-14 | thermal battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58214330A JPS60107264A (en) | 1983-11-14 | 1983-11-14 | thermal battery |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60107264A JPS60107264A (en) | 1985-06-12 |
| JPH0320027B2 true JPH0320027B2 (en) | 1991-03-18 |
Family
ID=16653962
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58214330A Granted JPS60107264A (en) | 1983-11-14 | 1983-11-14 | thermal battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60107264A (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-11-14 JP JP58214330A patent/JPS60107264A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60107264A (en) | 1985-06-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3669748A (en) | Thermal battery | |
| JPH0320027B2 (en) | ||
| JP3283395B2 (en) | Power supply system for flying objects | |
| JPH053111B2 (en) | ||
| JPS61171065A (en) | Thermal cell | |
| JPH03673Y2 (en) | ||
| JPH05314998A (en) | Thermal battery | |
| JPH08106912A (en) | Thermal battery | |
| JPH0739168Y2 (en) | Thermal battery | |
| JPH0234763Y2 (en) | ||
| JPH11297279A (en) | Nonaqueous electrolyte battery | |
| JPH0541502Y2 (en) | ||
| JP3054965B2 (en) | Stacked thermal battery | |
| JP2848120B2 (en) | Thermal battery | |
| JP2979205B2 (en) | Stacked thermal battery and manufacturing method thereof | |
| JPH0243311B2 (en) | ||
| JP2964768B2 (en) | Thermal battery | |
| JPH0311809Y2 (en) | ||
| JPH0557712B2 (en) | ||
| JPH0234762Y2 (en) | ||
| JPH0320025B2 (en) | ||
| JPH0675403B2 (en) | Stacked thermal battery | |
| JP4235407B2 (en) | Thermal battery | |
| JPS6057185B2 (en) | thermal battery | |
| JP3178234B2 (en) | Thermal battery with piezoelectric igniter |