JPH0321840B2 - - Google Patents

Abstract

The projectile of the invention comprises a jacket (102) of a metal with a specific gravity in excess of 13, Tantalum or a Tantalum/Tungsten alloy being preferred. The entire interior of the jacket is left free for the explosive charge (104, 106, 108). The jacket (102) has increased mechanical, structural and tensile characteristics over prior art projectiles and the projectile has better rotational ballistic stability in use due to the redistribution of the mass thereof to the periphery.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to explosive small arms projectiles, i.e. projectiles filled with an explosive charge. Strictly speaking, a bullet or missile is called a projectile only when it is in flight, but in this specification,
The invention is described as a "projectile." However, since the term "projectile" is commonly used to describe a stationary or in-flight projectile or missile, it is also used herein. Projectiles of this type are primarily used in combat crimes, especially in terrorism. In that case, for example, one of a group of uninvolved bystanders may
They may target people. Completely penetrating the target could injure bystanders, and therefore the purpose of an explosive projectile is to avoid, or at least minimize, completely penetrating the target while The aim is to deliver the maximum impact into the target. Small arms projectiles contain high explosives (primary explosives, such as mercuric fulminate or lead azide, and secondary explosives, such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) or mannitol hexanitrate). The purpose of including the projectile (including explosives) is primarily to increase the impact effect of the projectile on the target and to prevent the projectile from penetrating and causing injury to the surrounding area. Known small arms projectiles usually consist of a jacket made of a relatively light but strong metal, such as steel or galvanized metal, and a relatively heavy core partially filled with explosive material. Conventional explosive small arms projectile jackets are
such as steel that is usually plated or coated with a galvanized material.
It is comprised of a wear-resistant material, in this case steel, which provides the projectile with mechanical strength to withstand the pressures and high temperatures of the burning propellant. The plating material is provided to reduce wear. In known explosive small arms projectiles, the steel jacket is usually thin and therefore of no structural utility. That is, its action serves to contain the lead core rather than retain the shape of the projectile upon impact. Based on the principle that the lighter the weight, the harder it is to penetrate the target, it becomes harder for the projectile to penetrate the target. In conventional small arms explosive projectiles, the explosive charge is typically contained within a narrow central hole drilled into the lead. The explosive may consist of a series of detonators consisting of an impact-sensing primary detonator, such as lead azide, or a three-stage metal-containing, dual detonator. The first of the three stages consists of an impact sensing mechanism, the second stage uses a primary detonator, e.g. mercuric fulmate, and the third stage
A secondary high explosive such as (PETN) is used as a stage. Some designs use a polybasic, glycerol trinitrate pyrocellulose priming powder as a highly explosive agent, which is a flammable solid that is explosive and can burn to create an explosion. However, it is not as effective as the one on the left for explosive purposes. FIG. 1 shows a conventional projectile 10 of this type, which comprises a relatively thin steel jacket 12 with plated metal 14 and 16 clad inside and outside. The projectile 10 is provided with a lead core 18 in which a central hole 20 is formed which serves as a container for the explosive charge. The explosive charge 3 may be loaded in any of a variety of ways, but for clarity of the drawing, a group of explosive powder 22, a commercially available small arms percussion cap 24, and a plastic cap are used. 26. As previously explained, the purpose of the jacket is to withstand the friction between the groove in the barrel of the weapon and the accelerating projectile, as well as the pressure and high temperatures created by the burning propellant. The lead core 18 is
It serves to increase the mass of the projectile, thereby increasing the momentum of the projectile. Detonator 2 above
4 is for detonating the explosive 22 when it receives an impact, but since the projectile moves at high speed, by the time the explosion occurs, the projectile 10
should be understood as punching the target to a certain depth. In the drawings, the projectile is shown enlarged for clarity. In a 0.38 caliber projectile, the diameter of the center hole 20 is 5 mm. It has been found that a .38 caliber projectile containing a three-stage explosive column can be detonated during flight. If the explosion occurs in air, 10-14% of the explosion column will go unexploded. This is because conventional explosive projectiles sacrifice space for the explosive content in order to maximize their mass.
This results in a relatively thin explosive column, which reduces the propagation efficiency of the explosive shock wavefront within this column, especially under the conditions of high speed rotation during actual use. As already mentioned, the thin steel jacket 12 serves merely as a containment and has sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the frictional forces generated between the projectile and the groove in the barrel during firing. It just has strength. This jacket does not have the mechanical strength needed to best retain the shape of the projectile as it passes through the target. Therefore, the disadvantage of the projectile 10 described above is the first
20 of the mass of lead to contain a certain amount of explosives.
secondly, the explosive column is thin; thirdly, the tensile strength of the jacket is limited and its inertial properties are insufficient; 4. Due to the insufficient mass distribution, the value of the stabilizing rotational energy is relatively low. That is, as mentioned above,
In conventional small arms explosive projectiles, there is usually a compromise between the mass of the core, expressed by the amount of lead in the core, and the size of the explosive column;
It was impossible to simultaneously achieve both high mass and large amount of explosives, that is, high mass and large explosive column. It is an object of the present invention to provide a small explosive weapon projectile that redistributes its mass to the periphery and imparts higher rotational energy than conventional projectiles, thereby increasing accuracy. By redistributing the projectile mass away from the projectile's axis of rotation, the rotational stability of the projectile in flight and its energy is reduced compared to known high-explosive projectiles of the same total weight and geometry. will improve. It is another object of the present invention to provide an explosive small arms projectile with increased explosiveness with reduced non-explosive material. A further object of the invention is that the projectile jacket has superior tensile strength and inertia over conventional lead, copper or steel jackets. The purpose is to provide explosive small arms projectiles. To achieve the above object, the present invention uses a jacket having a specific gravity of 13 or more, that is, a density of 13 g/cm ³ or more in an explosive small weapon projectile. In this case, the jacket material is
Preferably, it is comprised of tantalum or a tantalum-tungsten alloy having a density of about 16.6 to 16.9 g/cm ³ . The purpose is to equalize the mass of the jacket with all conventional explosive or other projectiles. The metal of the above-mentioned outer jacket may be substituted with hafnium, uranium, rhenium, osmium, platinum, iridium, gold, or an alloy or mixture of primary elements with a density of 13 or more. It may be selected from alloys, mixtures or compounds of the above elements. It should be noted that, as in the case of prior art projectiles, the projectile of the present invention may be coated or plated, or alternatively, one or both surfaces of the outer cover may be coated with metal. may be coated with metal. Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. A projectile 100 of the present invention as shown in FIG.
The jacket 102 is made of tantalum-tungsten alloy (TaW). However, other metals may be used as long as they have a relatively high specific gravity. The high specific gravity of the jacket 102 eliminates the need for a dense inner core and allows the entire inner cavity to be filled with explosives. The illustrated three-stage explosive column includes a commercially available small arms percussion detonator 104;
Primary detonation layer 106 of lead azide, high secondary explosive
PETN layer 108 and resin sealing cap 110
It consists of The final mass of the projectile 100 is arranged to be at least equivalent to that of the conventional projectile 10 described above. however,
Even if the heavy metal jacket 102 is provided, the projectile 1
The mass may be lighter than 0. In this case, the reduced mass is at least distributed more effectively, resulting in a higher level of rotationally stable energy than the projectile 10. The explosive column is increased in volume by about 250%, reducing the previously wasted 10-14% of the projectile to significantly less than 1% (though not easily detectable). can be reduced to the point where it turns. Compared to prior art jackets, the tantalum-tungsten alloy jacket 102
The tensile and inertial properties of the jacket are assumed to be close to those of steel or alloy steel, and have improved inertial properties of about 46% over lead jackets (16.6 g/cm ² for TaW and 16.6 g/cm 2 for Pb). A density based on 11.4 g/cm ² is obtained, thus 16.6/11.4=0.46). Furthermore, the mass of the projectile is redistributed away from the axis of rotation of the projectile and around its periphery in contact with the aperture of the weapon, and during flight the rotational stabilizing energy is transferred to a conventional is equal to and even larger than the explosive projectile of a small arms weapon. This redistribution and increased rotational stabilization forces help increase accuracy at longer ranges. The above results are valid for two long-serving U.S. Army weapons, namely the US Model 1911.45ACP (14.9g
A Colt automatic pistol that fires a projectile of 9.7
Firing a projectile of g (30-06) US Caliba 30
(MLA2 bullet) Rifle) is referenced. This can be seen by a schematic, calculated comparison of a conventional explosive projectile and the projectile of the present invention. That is, please refer to the following table.

【table】

[Table] The table above compares a conventional non-explosive bullet fired from a handgun with a conventional non-explosive bullet fired from a rifle, and shows the difference in muzzle energy of conventional small arms. Although explosive projectiles are collectively shown, the explosive handgun bullets of the present invention are
Comparisons were made of conventional non-explosive projectiles when fired from rifles and conventional non-explosive projectiles fired from large hunting rifles, and the explosive handgun bullets of the present invention were compared. is shown.
However, the present invention has a high degree of maneuverability. 45 Caliva handgun, 50% more than that offered by US Caliva, heavy purpose rifles like the 30ML
They deliver more muzzle energy, and this is because they both deliver the same amount of muzzle energy. 45 Caliba automatic pistol when compared to a non-explosive pistol. 45 kariba
It is understood that it will be about 10 times that of an ACP projectile. In this case, the term muzzle energy is used to describe the theoretical maximum energy that the projectile can deliver to the target. If a non-explosive projectile is contained within a target, so that all of its energy is transferred to the target, the energy dissipated within the target (minus frictional and gravitational energy losses) is equal to the energy at the muzzle of the weapon. , approximately equal to the energy of the projectile. If the projectile penetrates the target, according to the characteristics of penetration by the explosive projectile, an amount of energy significantly less than the energy of the projectile is
However, in almost every case, the projectile will deliver all of its energy to the target. In the prior art explosive projectile 10, as the jacket thickness was increased, the core mass was reduced, and the total mass of the projectile was reduced. In the projectile 100 of the present invention, the jacket 102
can be increased to a desired thickness within predetermined limits. For example, if there is a desire to increase the penetration capability of a projectile, the power and mass characteristics of the jacket can be increased to meet this desire.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a sectional view of a conventional explosive projectile; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional explosive projectile;
The figure is a cross-sectional view of an explosive projectile according to the invention. In the figure, 10: projectile, 12: steel jacket,
14, 16: Plated metal part, 18: Lead core, 20:
Center hole, 22: Powder explosive, 24: Impact detonator, 1
00: Projectile of the present invention, 102: Outer cover, 104:
Impact detonator, 106: Primary explosive layer, 108: Secondary
PETN layer, 110: resin cap.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A small explosive weapon projectile comprising a metal jacket having a specific gravity of 13 or more and an explosive charge disposed therein. 2. The projectile according to claim 1, wherein the metal of the jacket consists of tantalum or tantalum-tungsten as a main component. 3. The metal of the metal jacket is hafnium,
selected from among uranium, rhenium, osmium, platinum, iridium or gold, alloys, mixtures or compounds of any one or more of the above, said alloy mixtures or compounds including tantalum or A projectile as claimed in claim 1, which may contain tungsten or both. 4. The metal of the jacket is tantalum or a tantalum-tungsten alloy, and the mass of the projectile is highly concentrated in a jacket made relatively thick for this purpose. The projectile according to item 1.