JPH0331681B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for generating smoke for spraying insecticides,
In particular, atomizers containing water can be gasified and then cooled to generate atomizes. [Background technology and its problems] For example, when spraying oil-soluble insecticides such as Sumithion (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical) and DDVP (manufactured by Japan Tokushu Nohaku) as epidemic prevention agents in residences, these insecticides whose main ingredient is kerosene The agent was mixed with an oil agent, injected in an appropriate amount into the exhaust pipe of a reciprocating engine, gasified, and cooled before being sprayed. That is,
Generally mist (100~200μm), fog (20~5μm)
As the particles become finer in the order of m) and smoke (1 μm or less), the diffusion rate and residence time become longer, allowing for efficient dispersion, so the method of generating smoke was used for dispersal. As described above, the conventional method for generating smoke for spraying insecticides involves gasifying and cooling an oil-based smoke agent containing kerosene, and has the following problems. First, it had the disadvantage of catching fire. That is, as opposed to reciprocating engines, intermittent flow pulse jet engines are widely used as atomizers. This is because high pressure and a large flow rate of hot air can be obtained.
Therefore, the diffusion rate can be improved, but if the engine malfunctions or the fuel runs out, the injected aerosol flows back into the engine and ignites, resulting in flames being ejected from the nozzle. According to the applicant's research, several hundred cases have been confirmed over the past 20 years. In many cases, workers would throw away the smoke machine when flames spouted from the nozzle, which had the fatal drawback of not only burning houses but also causing burns to people and fires. Second, when spraying insecticides on trees, vegetables, etc., the kerosene that adheres to the surface of the leaves disables carbon dioxide assimilation, causing the leaves to turn brown and the trees to die. caused the situation to arise. This became a bigger problem the better the haze effect (the finer the particles). Thirdly, since kerosene-based products have a short residence time, when exterminating indoor cockroaches and mites, a large amount of smoke is generated to cover the residence time. Therefore, the consumption of pesticides was high. Fourthly, since the atomizer is oil-based, it is not possible to spray water-based insecticides in a mist state, so these aqueous emulsions were sprayed directly into indoor spaces using the ULV (high-concentration low-volume spraying) method. . In this case,
Since the particles are 30 to 1 μm in size and nearly transparent, it is difficult to visually confirm the degree of filling, and there is a problem that workers may inhale them and cause poisoning. Therefore, there has been a strong desire to develop a method for generating smoke for spraying pesticides that is neither dangerous nor toxic and has a wide range of applications. [Object of the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a non-toxic, economical, and highly efficient method of generating smoke for spraying an insecticide. [Means and effects for solving the problems] The present invention focuses on the fact that the above-mentioned conventional problems were caused by the oil agent containing kerosene as a main component, and the present invention focuses on the fact that the above-mentioned conventional problem was caused by the oil agent containing kerosene as a main component. Based on many years of research aimed at creating a fume agent, we have developed a method to create fumes by gasifying an agent containing a water-soluble aliphatic organic chemical and water at a predetermined temperature and cooling it using outside air. This is an attempt to solve the problems that have arisen in the past. In other words, in contrast to the conventional established technical judgment that there are no suitable agents for generating smoke other than oil agents mainly composed of kerosene, the applicant has determined that ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, methoxybutanol, polyethylene glycol, 1 from polypropylene glycol and hexylene glycol
1 or more are arbitrarily selected, mixed with water, supplied in an appropriate amount into high-temperature gas preferably at 300 to 600°C, practically 200 to 650°C, and after gasifying it, it is cooled using outside air. They obtained the result that it was possible to generate smoke by this method. For this purpose, at least one or more chemicals selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, methoxybutanol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and hexylene glycol are mixed with water to form a fume agent. Fume agent from 200℃ to 650℃
The above object is achieved by supplying the gas into high-temperature gas, gasifying it, and then cooling it using the temperature difference with the outside air to generate smoke. Therefore, a vapor is prepared by mixing water with one or more chemicals selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc. according to economic efficiency and usage. By supplying an appropriate amount into heated high-temperature gas to gasify it, and then cooling it using outside air, it is possible to efficiently generate smoke for spraying insecticides. [Example] An example of the method for generating smoke for spraying insecticides according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings and a device suitable for carrying out the method. (First Embodiment) In the first embodiment, a fog is generated for spraying an insecticide by a fogging device using a pulse jet engine (manufactured by Curtiss, Inc., USA). First, the fogging device will be explained with reference to FIG.
This fog device 100 includes a pulse jet engine 10, an antichamber 20, a fuel injection device 3,
0. It is composed of a starting device 40 and an atomizing agent supply device 50. The engine 10 includes a combustion chamber 11 in which a glow coil 12 for ignition is provided, an engine exhaust pipe 13 that exhausts high-temperature combustion gas from the combustion chamber 11 through a throttle area, and an engine exhaust pipe 13. It is composed of an outer cylinder 14 fitted over the outer cylinder 14 and a cooling air suction cylinder 15 for sucking cooling air from the atmosphere and guiding it into the outer cylinder 14. The antichamber 20 supplies atomized fuel from the fuel injection device 30 to the glow coil 12 of the engine 10, and plays the role of starting ignition by the plug 45 at startup. The fuel injection device 30 is connected to the pressure pipe 2
This is for sucking fuel (gasoline) from the fuel tank 31 through the fuel supply pipe 32 and atomizing and ejecting the fuel into the antichamber 20 using the pressure waves supplied by the fuel tank 1. The starting device 40 starts the engine 10 and is of a pneumatic type. That is, the starting device 40 is formed from a hand-operated air pump 41, piping 42, 43, a plug 45 for igniting the antichamber 20, and an ignition coil 46 that forms a power source for this. ing. Therefore, the air pump 41
By driving the pressurized air, the fuel in the fuel tank 31 is pressurized through the pipe 43, and the fuel supplied through the pipe 32 can be sprayed into the antichamber 20 while driving the fuel injection device 30. can. The fuel thus sprayed is ignited by the plug 45 heated by the ignition coil 46. On the other hand, the aerosol supply device 50 is composed of a tank 51, a supply pipe 52, a pulsation pressure pipe 55, and an injection nozzle 54, and is pressurized by the pulsation pressure inside the antichamber 20 during normal operation. agent 53 from the nozzle 54 to the engine exhaust pipe 1
It is used to inject and supply water into the interior of 3. In the present smoke device 100, the engine exhaust pipe 13, outer cylinder 14, and injection nozzle 54 are formed as follows in order to enable highly diffusive and efficient smoke generation. The injection nozzle 54 is installed in the engine exhaust pipe 13 in order to ensure sufficient gasification of the atomizing agent.
It is installed 260mm (=260mm) from the tip of the tube, has a maximum external dimension of 4mm ^L x 2.5mm ^W to reduce flow path resistance, and is made of material that can withstand 650℃ (SUS #304 in this example). Further, in order to optimize atomization, the tip side is cut at an oblique angle of 70 degrees, and a slit with a width of 0.5 mm is provided on the upstream side. In addition, the inner diameter d of the engine exhaust pipe 13 is 17 mm, the inner diameter D of the outer pipe 14 is 40 mm, and the length L of the outer pipe 14 is 350 mm from the injection extension nose 54, that is, 90 mm longer than the tip side of the engine exhaust pipe 13. It is formed as a thing. Further, due to this dimensional relationship, a cooling chamber 16 is formed in which the gasified atomizing agent is cooled with outside air supplied through the outer cylinder 14 and atomized, and the dispersion of the atomizing agent can be improved. In this case, the flow velocity V of combustion gas is 540
It is assumed to be mm/sec. Now, to create a fogging agent, you can select one or more chemicals from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, methoxybutanol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and hexylene glycol and mix them with water. In the example, diethylene glycol as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, and tap water were used in volume percentages of 45%, 20%, 20%, and 15%, respectively.
It is a mixture of In other words, diethylene glycol is 2 times smaller than triethylene glycol.
It is a molecular ethylene glycol that has been dehydrated and condensed into an ether form and has surfactant properties.
It also has properties similar to glycerin. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid with a molecular weight of 106.12 [HO(CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂ ], highly hygroscopic, and a specific gravity of 1.118 (20℃).
It has a freezing point of 6.5°C, a boiling point of 244.3°C, and a flash point of 123.9°C, and is manufactured by Mitsubishi Yuka in this example. In addition, propylene glycol is manufactured by Asahi Glass and has a molecular weight of 76.09 [CH ₃ CH (OH) CH ₂ OH] and a specific gravity.
1.0381 (20/20℃), boiling point 187.4℃ (760mmHg),
It is a viscous, hygroscopic, colorless liquid with a freezing point of 60°C and a flash point of 99°C. Butanediol is also called 1,3-butylene glycol and has a molecular weight of
90.12 [CH ₃ CHOHCH ₂ CH ₂ OH] is an odorless liquid.
Specific gravity 1.0062 (20/20℃), boiling point 207.5℃, flash point 121
℃, and in this example, Daicel Chemical Co., Ltd. was used because it utilizes the property of having a smaller specific gravity than other compositions in order to reduce the falling speed of the smoke. In this way, the smoke agent of the present invention contains water-soluble fats such as diethylene glycol, etc., in contrast to the conventional wisdom in the industry that it is impossible for a smoke agent for epidemic prevention to have anything other than kerosene as its main ingredient. It is characterized by having a composition in which a family organic chemical is mixed with water. Furthermore, since it contains a considerable amount of water, its flash point (COD) is 0°C, making it an excellent property of not igniting. Incidentally, methoxybutanol has a molecular weight of 104.15.
[OH ₃ CH (OCH ₃ ) CH ₂ CH ₂ OH] is a colorless and transparent liquid with high water solubility, specific gravity 0.917 (20/20℃), boiling point
It is a liquid with a temperature of 160℃ (760mmHg) and a flash point of 73.9℃.
Dial Chemical Co., Ltd. is commercially available. In addition, polyethylene glycol is a substance obtained by polymerizing ethylene oxide, which is soluble in water and has a degree of polymerization (as an average molecular weight) of 200 to 600 [HO (CH ₂ CH ₃ O)
Polypropylene glycol has a flash point of 198.9 when propylene oxide is polymerized using a metal alcoholate as a catalyst.
A viscous liquid (molecular formula omitted) with a temperature of ~226.7°C and a low molecular weight that is superior to water solubility may be used. Furthermore, hexylene glycol has a molecular weight of 118.17
[(CH ₃ ) ₂ C(OH)CH ₂ CH(OH)CH ₃ ] is a colorless and transparent dihydric alcohol with properties similar to low molecular weight glycols, specific gravity 0.922-0.925 (20/20℃), boiling point
The temperature is 198.3℃ (760mmHg) and the flash point is 96.1℃. For example, Mitsui Petrochemicals is commercially available. Therefore, the prepared atomizing agent 53 is transferred to the tank 51.
When the fuel tank 31 is filled with fuel (gasoline) and the air pump 41 of the starting device 40 is pressurized, the fuel injection device 30 injects a certain amount of fuel sucked in through the fuel supply pipe 32 into the antenna. The fuel injected into the chamber 20 and into the anti-chamber 20 is ignited by the plug 45, and the pulse jet engine 10 is started. Thereafter, the glow coil is heated, and the fuel injection device 30 repeats fuel injection by the pulsating pressure passed through the pressure pipe 21. In this way, the engine 10 is operated steadily by the pulse jet method. In this embodiment, the combustion gas generated within the combustion chamber 11 becomes exhaust gas at a high speed of 540 m/sec and flows within the engine exhaust stack 13. The exhaust gas flow rate is 0.1225m ³ /sec. In addition, since the pulse jet engine 10 is started and pressurized through the pulsating pressure piping 55, the pressure inside the tank 51 is
It is 0.45Kg/cm ² g. Therefore, the atomizing agent 53 in the tank 51 is
4 into the engine exhaust pipe 13. Here, the exhaust gas temperature T ₁ in the combustion chamber 11 is 1200°C, and the exhaust gas temperature T ₂ approximately 5 mm upstream of the exhaust exit nozzle 54 is 500 to 615°C.
The spray agent 53 injected from the nozzle 54 is gasified. Engine exhaust pipe 13 downstream of nozzle 54
(=260mm) is intended to complete the gasification. Note that 5 points from the outlet end of the engine exhaust pipe 13
The gas temperature _T4 on the mm front (upstream) side is 120 to 160°C. Therefore, the gas injected from the engine exhaust pipe 13 is cooled by outside air in the cooling chamber 16 formed in the outer cylinder 14, and as a result, the atomizing agent 53 is
The smoke becomes less than 0.5μm. It should be noted that the outside air supplied through the outer cylinder 14 while being heated at equal pressure has a temperature slightly higher than room temperature, and thus also acts as auxiliary air for scattering smoke. In windless conditions, the reach of the smoke was approximately 10 meters. Here, Exmin (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical), which is an insecticide that is a water-soluble emulsion, is added to the tap water that is the composition of the atomizing agent 53.
Because it is mixed with fine particles, it is possible to spray the insecticide with a long residence time. Therefore, according to this first embodiment, as shown in Table 1, which is compared with the case of a conventional kerosene-based atomizer used for spraying insecticides, tap water is used as a component, so even if Even if the fuel runs out first, it will not catch fire, ensuring safe and reliable handling.

[Table] Furthermore, when the above-mentioned atomization device 100 is used (however, in the case of this embodiment, the nozzle 54, the engine exhaust pipe 13, and the outer cylinder 14 are improved as disclosed above), the conventional example is the atomization agent. While 1.3 cc can only diffuse smoke into 1 m ² , in this example, 0.3 cc is sufficient to obtain the same 1 m ³ , and it has an excellent effect of improving the diffusivity by a factor of 4.3. It should be added that in the case of the conventional kerosene-based product, the diffusion effect remained the same even if the nozzle 54, engine exhaust pipe 13, and outer cylinder 14 were the same as in this embodiment, as described above. Therefore, when spraying insecticides, water-soluble insecticides can be used and are economical because the consumption amount is small, and they are harmless, and even if they adhere to the surface of leaves, they are water-soluble and will cause the plants to wither. It also has the effect of not causing any color change. Furthermore, in order to obtain the same diffusion rate, the amount of atomizing agent consumed can be reduced to about 1/4, so it is economical from this point of view as well. In addition, the residence time is 90 minutes compared to the conventional 15 minutes.
Since it is twice as long, the sterilizing effect can be significantly improved when exterminating indoor cockroaches and mites. Furthermore, the amount of consumption of the aerosol itself is small and visible, as mentioned above, so it is not harmful to humans. In addition, the pulse jet engine 10 is operated with overload and the upstream side of the injection nozzle 54 is 5 mm
If the exhaust gas temperature T ₂ is set to 651°C or higher, the insecticide mixed in the gasified atomizer in advance will change in quality, and its effectiveness as a spray agent will be drastically reduced. It was confirmed that the problem is that it causes disadvantages, is uneconomical, and shortens the lifespan. This is also desirable from the viewpoint of avoiding combustion or explosion of the gasified aerosol. Therefore, it was determined that the upper limit of the gasification temperature in the present invention should be 650°C. In addition, in an experimental box set at a temperature of 50℃ and a pressure of 7Kg/inch ² , 3 c.c.
We tried injecting 1 m ³ of the solution and sending sparks intermittently, or continuously inserting a flame, but no ignition or explosion occurred in either case. In the same manner, no ignition or explosion occurred even when repeated injections were made in amounts up to three times the above injection amount. As described above, the atomizing agent constituting the present invention has an excellent effect of being extremely safe and not flammable or exploding when the gasification temperature is 650° C. or lower. Furthermore, since the atomization device 100 used is of a pulse-jet type, it can be used continuously with a large capacity, and there is no stickiness caused by incomplete combustion and there are no restrictions on how the device is used. (Second Example) This second example is a case where smoke is generated by the smoke device 100 using a reciprocating engine. Reciprocating engine (PF500-type manufactured by Shindaiwa Co., Ltd.)
10 has a displacement of 20 c.c. and a maximum rotation speed of
It is 10000rpm. A muffler 18 is provided in the engine exhaust pipe 13, and an injection nozzle 54 is provided approximately 5 mm upstream of the muffler 18. During high-speed operation near the maximum rotational speed, the exhaust gas temperature T ₂ near the injection nozzle 54 could be maintained at approximately 220°C. Moreover, the exhaust gas flow rate is 0.0034 m ³ /s. Here,
Intermittently from the injection nozzle 54 (17c.c./
When the atomizing agent (composition is the same as in the first example) was injected into the engine (min), good smoke could be generated behind the engine exhaust pipe 13 as in the first example. In addition, when the engine speed is reduced and the exhaust gas temperature T ₂ becomes less than 200, the temperature decreases to 200℃.
Although some atomization was observed at temperatures close to , virtually no smoke was formed. Therefore, the lower limit of the gasification temperature in this method of generating smoke for spraying insecticides was determined to be 200°C. (Third Embodiment) This third embodiment is a case where heating and self-injection are performed using an electric heating method. As seen in FIG. 3, the electric heating machine 10 is composed of a hollow cylindrical main body 5, a coil 19 wound around the main body, a power supply device 6, and an injection nozzle 13.
4 is provided facing into the heating chamber 11 inside the main body 5 on the side opposite to the jet nozzle 13. In this example, one manufactured by Dainichi Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used. Note that the power supply device 6 has a capacity of 100V-750W. Here, the air temperature _T2 in the heating chamber 11 is 340 ~
The temperature is maintained at 380℃, and the injection nozzle 54
When approximately 17 c.c./min of atomizing agent was injected from the heating chamber 11, it was heated to an equal volume in the heating chamber 11, and a good spray was generated from the jet nozzle 13.
m) was done. However, in the case of this electric heater 10, once the atomizing agent is gasified in the heating chamber 11, the temperature in the heating chamber decreases, so the injection period of the atomizing agent from the injection nozzle 54 depends on the temperature rise time in the heating chamber. Therefore, it is considerably longer, about five times as long as the pulse jet engine. Therefore, using the electric heater 10 as a fogging device is most suitable for exterminating indoor pests and the like. This is because no combustion gas is generated and the capacity is small. In the above examples, four types of atomizing agents were used, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, and tap water, each in volume percent.
In the present invention, the above-mentioned diethylene glycol,
In addition to propylene glycol and butanediol, one or more selected from methoxybutanol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and hexylene glycol may be selected and mixed with water, and the volume percentage thereof can also be selected arbitrarily. Further, if the volume percent of water is 70% and the gasification temperature is increased within the above range, smoke can be generated. Although diethylene glycol was used as the ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol may also be used. Further, although the insecticide 53 to be sprayed is EXMIN (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical), the present invention is naturally applicable to cases where other water-based insecticides are sprayed. Similarly, even oil-based insecticides can be sprayed if water is added in advance to emulsify them (or even if not emulsified, in small amounts). Further, although the atomizing device 100 was implemented using a pulse jet engine, a reciprocating engine, or an electric heater, the point is that it is sufficient to gasify a predetermined atomizing agent and cool it to outside air, so other gas generating mechanisms may be used. The present invention can also be carried out using the following. (Effects of the Invention) The present invention has the excellent effect of being able to generate harmless, safe, economical, and high-quality smoke with high efficiency.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a fog device using a pulse jet type for carrying out the method of generating fog for spraying insecticides according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fog device also using a reciprocating engine type. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the atomization device which also uses an electric heater type. 10... Pulse jet engine, reciprocating engine or electric heating machine, 54... Injection nozzle, 100... Fume device.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. At least one or more chemicals selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, methoxybutanol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and hexylene glycol are mixed with water to form a fume agent. An insecticide characterized by forming a vapor, supplying this atomizing agent into high-temperature gas of 200°C to 650°C to gasify it, and then cooling it using the temperature difference with the outside air to generate a vapor. Method of generating fumes for spraying chemicals. 2. The method for generating fumes for spraying insecticides according to claim 1, wherein the atomizer is formed from 50% or less by volume of water and the other chemicals.