JPH0334906B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

<Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a solid compound feed for calves in the lactation and nurturing period from their first birth to approximately three months of age. <Prior Art> It is desirable to acclimate first-born calves to solid feed as early as possible from an economic standpoint, establishment of rumen function, and subsequent growth and development. For this reason, for example, when Holstein cows are weaned early, they are fed with a liquid formula feed (artificial milk) mainly containing milk components after ingesting mother's milk for 7 days after birth.
Among these, the solid compound feed, which is artificial milk, is made from grains, oil cakes, bran, animal feeds, inorganics, and amino acids and is blended to improve digestibility and palatability. Conventionally, the form of such artificial milk is a powdered mash, a cylindrical pellet, or a thin flake. I am paying a salary. <Problems to be Solved by the Invention> As mentioned above, artificial milk is fed to calves for the purpose of facilitating weaning of calves and ensuring good suckling. For this reason, it is essential that artificial milk has excellent edibility immediately after feeding begins, and various studies have been conducted in terms of the raw materials (including feed additives), components, and form used. Among these, although the raw ingredients are within the conventional range and are generally satisfactory, it is desirable to further increase the initial intake in order to further enhance the function of artificial milk. This is because calves whose intake of artificial milk increases early will have a higher intake of artificial milk afterward, allowing the calf to develop well and increase its body mass. However, some calves have poor feeding habits with conventional formula milk, and these calves not only have poor rumen development but also a lack of nutritional intake, resulting in weakness and a marked decline in disease resistance. It's summery. For this reason, if the conventional form is used, a great deal of effort is required, such as increasing the amount of milk replacer fed, extending the feeding period, or feeding the calf by forcing artificial milk into the calf's mouth, resulting in problems. ing. The present invention was made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a compound feed that has good feeding properties such as feeding initialization and is easy to adapt to solid feed. <Means for Solving the Problems> In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is characterized in that an appropriate amount of powder is mixed into the crushed pieces by crushing pellets of a predetermined size. . Pellet is formed by mixing and kneading various raw materials into a cylindrical shape, and is formed into a predetermined size using a conventional method. The raw materials selected include grain powder, bran, oil cake, animal powder feed, inorganics, amino acids, etc. These are mixed uniformly, kneaded with water, shaped into a cylinder, and further dried. Pellets are produced by doing this. The compound feed of the present invention can be obtained by crushing this pellet. The crushing can be carried out mechanically, for example, by placing a certain amount of pellets in a tray or the like and pressing them with a press. By this operation, the pellets are finely crushed and some of them are turned into powder, so that the powder is mixed in the crushed pieces. The crushed pieces have an unspecified polyhedral shape, have a large surface area, and are small in weight. The calves are fed in this form by being placed in a feeding box. When a calf puts its face into the feeder, crushed pieces and powder of the compound feed adhere to the tip of its nose and around its mouth, and as it licks the adhering feed with its tongue, it learns the taste of the compound feed, and its intake increases without realizing it. rumen function is stimulated and habituation to feed is established. As a result, feeding is good from the beginning of feeding, and weight gain is achieved due to the various nutrients contained in the compound feed.
Anti-disease properties are strengthened. In addition, artificial milk in the form of matsushi also adheres to the calf's nose and mouth, but in this case, the artificial milk in the feeder solidifies due to the spreading, and flies can attach to it, causing spoilage. Or artificial milk that sticks around the mouth gets mixed into the aquarium, causing contamination of drinking water. Furthermore, not only is the feeding ability after habituation inferior to other forms,
There are undesirable points such as the fact that it does not enhance the masticatory function of the stomach and can cause gastric ulcers. In contrast, since the present invention mainly consists of crushed pieces, it does not harden or become contaminated, and can improve the masticatory function of the stomach. <Examples> Example 1 Artificial milk consisting of approximately 55% grains, approximately 5% bran, approximately 25% oil cake, approximately 5% animal feed, and approximately 10% other materials was formed into pellets, and the pellets were The product of the present invention was obtained by crushing. At the same time, pellet and mash forms of the same ingredients were also produced. These artificial milks were applied to 10 7-day-old Holstein male calves, and their intake and growth were observed for 4 weeks. The results are shown in Table 1. In the same table, classification column P indicates the pellet form, M indicates the mash form, and C indicates the form of the present invention. Furthermore, the numbers in boxes in columns C and M are indexes when the intake of pelleted artificial milk (P) and body weight gain are set as 100. The intake of the artificial milk of the present invention was high from the first day, and the weight gain was also steady. From these results, it was confirmed that the product of the present invention can maximize the feeding function of artificial milk, good palatability, and the inherent growth ability of calves.

【table】

[Table] Example 2 Of the artificial milk obtained in Example 1, pellets (P) and the present invention (C) were each fed to five 6-week-old Holstein male calves. Approximately 3
The intake was compared over a period of 7 weeks up to the age of 1 month. The results are shown in Table 2. In Column C of the same table, the numbers in the box are indexes when the intake in pellet form is taken as 100. From the same table, it was found that even when the calves are relatively grown, the artificial milk of the present invention tends to have the same or better edibility than the pelleted milk.

[Table] Example 3 Of the artificial milk obtained in Example 1, feeding of artificial milk in the form of pellets (P) was used as a control group, and as a test group, feeding of the present invention (C ) and then flake-form artificial milk were fed to five Holstein male calves each and kept for a period of 2 to 13 weeks of age. 3rd result
Shown in the table. During the period from 2 to 5 weeks of age, the test group had a high intake of artificial milk and good growth and weight gain. In addition, growth in the test plots exceeded that in the control plots during the subsequent period as well. Therefore, feeding crumb-form artificial milk (invention (C)) at an early stage allows the calf to get used to solid feed early due to its high feeding function, and to fully utilize the calf's inherent ability to increase growth. It was confirmed that it is the most suitable formula for calves.

[Table] <Effects of the Invention> Suction of milk from the nipple is an instinctive feeding behavior of calves when they are first born, and the ability to masticate solid food is learned through a certain amount of repetition. Since the artificial milk of the present invention has a high feeding function, chewing behavior can be learned quickly, and therefore the effects described below can be obtained. Since the calves can take in sufficient nutrients, it is possible to increase the calf's vitality and strengthen its disease resistance. If the intake of artificial milk is low, the calf's physiological function tends to decline due to insufficient nutritional intake.
Their resistance is reduced and they become more susceptible to diseases, sometimes leading to critical situations. However, with the artificial milk of the present invention, the intake amount is high immediately after the start of feeding, the intake amount of nutrients is sufficient, and the physiological functions are enhanced so that calves can be grown in a healthy manner. It is possible to fully demonstrate the inherent growth potential of calves. Immediately after starting artificial milk feeding, if the intake is low, the calf attempts to maintain its physiological functions by consuming body components. However, in such cases, not only weight gain but also physical strength is wasted, and for this reason, the number of withdrawals continues to decrease until the intake of artificial milk reaches a considerable amount. On the other hand, with the artificial milk of the present invention, the intake amount is high immediately after the start of feeding, so the calf's natural growth potential is maximized because body components are not depleted and weight gain is achieved immediately. It becomes possible to do so. The feeding period for milk substitute can be shortened, resulting in labor savings. Milk substitutes are prepared by dissolving the powder in hot water and administering it, which requires a great deal of effort in dissolving, dispensing, and cleaning the equipment used. Feeding of this milk replacer is discontinued when it becomes possible to ingest a certain amount of artificial milk or more, but because the artificial milk of the present invention has a high feeding function, the time to reach the cut-off intake is from immediately after the start of feeding. It's early. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the period of feeding the milk replacer. In turn, as labor savings progress, it becomes possible to increase the number of animals raised, which increases productivity.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A feed for calves during the suckling and nurturing period, which is characterized in that an appropriate amount of powder is mixed into the crushed pellets by crushing pellets of a predetermined size. feed.