JPH0337411B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a stone crusher for crushing, for example, urinary tract stones.

[Prior art and its problems] Conventionally, there is a pin hammer type crusher as a medical instrument for crushing stones formed in the ureter or bladder [Journal of Industrial Explosives Association, Vol. 45, No. 5, 283 (1984 )].

The pin hammer type crusher includes a cylindrical body having a small diameter part with a small inner diameter at the tip and a large diameter part with a large inner diameter other than the tip, and the tip of the cylindrical body. An ignition mechanism having, for example, an ignition ball inserted into the cylinder from the other end on the opposite side, a driving agent loaded approximately in the center of the cylinder, and an outer diameter having the same diameter as the large diameter part of the cylinder. and legs having a diameter that allows the head to pass through the narrow diameter part of the cylinder, and the head is tightly fitted into the large diameter part of the cylinder, and the driving and a pin hammer placed in close proximity to the drug.

Then, by detonating the driving charge by the ignition means, the pin hammer is powerfully advanced within the cylinder, and the tip of the rushing pin hammer is caused to pop out from the tip of the cylinder, thereby causing the pin hammer to move forward into the cylinder. This pin hammer type crusher is designed to operate so that the pin hammer crushes the stone applied to the tip of the pin hammer.

The pin hammer type crusher having the above configuration is configured to fly the pin hammer inside the cylinder with the help of a driving agent, so that the flight trajectory of the center of gravity of the pin hammer is adjusted to the trajectory of the center of gravity of the stone in order to efficiently crush the stone. must be perpendicular to the surface and in order to accelerate to the required speed to fragment the stone.
The distance that the pin hammer flies within the cylinder (standoff) is long, for example, the total length of the cylinder of the pin hammer type crusher is 35 mm, 40 mm, etc.
The size is mm or 50mm.

However, since such a crusher is inserted directly into the urinary tract, for example, the total length of the crusher must be made as short as possible, otherwise it will be difficult to pass through the curved portion of the urinary tract. Although the total length of the pin hammer type crusher is 35 mm, which is quite short, it is still difficult to say that it is short enough to alleviate patient pain.

The pin hammer has the drawback that the amount of explosive must be adjusted in order to obtain the speed required to crush the stone, so it is complicated to adjust the minute amount of explosive, and it is not possible to accurately measure and fill it. Yes.

Further, the pin hammer type crusher having the above configuration is configured such that the pin hammer flies by sliding the outer periphery of its head on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body.

However, since the tips of the legs are free, even if the trajectory of the center of gravity of the pin hammer is perpendicular to the surface of the stone,
There is a risk that the tips of the legs may deviate from the flight trajectory, making it impossible for the pin hammer to efficiently crush the stone, or that the tips of the legs may crash into the narrow diameter portion of the cylinder. In the event of a collision, it goes without saying that the stone cannot be broken up, but the pin hammer type crusher may be destroyed and the high temperature, high pressure gas generated by the combustion of the propellant may cause damage to the inner wall of the urethra and bladder. There is also

Furthermore, the pin hammer type crusher is configured such that the head of the pin hammer seals the driving agent loaded in the cylinder, so when inserting the pin hammer type crusher into the urethra, the pin hammer type crusher is Even if the head of the pin hammer is sealed, body fluid that has entered the cylinder from the opening at the tip of the body can enter between the head and the inner periphery of the cylinder and destroy the driving agent. There is a risk of dampening. This pin hammer type crusher is then unable to achieve reliable operation. Furthermore, even if the driving agent can be combusted without infiltration of body fluids, the high temperature and high pressure gas generated by the combustion of the driving agent will cause contact between the inner periphery of the cylindrical body and the outer periphery of the head of the pin hammer. It can leak through the gaps and cause damage to the lining of the urethra and bladder.

This invention has been made based on the above circumstances.

In other words, this invention reduces the pain caused to the patient, and also prevents the explosive from getting wet with the patient's body fluids or causing damage to the patient from the high-temperature gas of the explosive.
The object is to provide a lithotripter that is smaller than conventional ones.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the problems described above, the stone crusher 1 according to the present invention includes a narrow diameter portion 2 that makes the inner diameter of the tip portion small, as shown in FIG. A cylindrical body 4 having a large diameter part 3 whose inner diameter outside the tip is the large diameter, a leg part 5 having the same outer diameter as the narrow diameter part 2, and one end of this leg part 5 is formed. and a head part 6 having the same diameter as the large diameter part 3, the leg part 5 is inserted into the small diameter part 2 in a tight fit, and the head part 6 is arranged in a tight fit into the large diameter part 3. a striking body 7 mounted within the cylinder body 4;
It has an outer diameter that is the same as the inner diameter of the large diameter portion 3 of the cylinder body 4, and is tightly fitted into the large diameter portion 3, and has a predetermined distance from the head 6 of the striking body 7. A projectile body 9 is disposed in the cylinder body 4 of the lever and is capable of advancing toward the head part 6 of the striking body 7 by the explosive force of the explosive charge 8 loaded in the cylinder body 4. The bullet 9 collides with the head 6 of the striking body 7, thereby causing the tip of the leg 5 of the striking body 7 to collide with the cylinder 4.
By protruding outside the tip of the cylindrical body 4
It has a structure that crushes stones that are applied to the tip of the device. In addition, in FIG. 1, numeral 10 indicates an ignition ball embedded in the explosive, and this ignition ball 1
0 is a conductive wire 12 disposed inside the catheter 11
The explosive 8 is ignited by the electric current supplied by the explosive 8 and is configured to explode.

[Function] The stone crusher 1 of the present invention functions as follows.

That is, the main body of the stone crusher 1 is inserted into the urethra using a cystoscope to reach the stone location such as the ureter or bladder. Then, the tip of the cylindrical body 4 of this calculus crusher 1 is brought into contact with the calculus. Next, when the explosive 8 is detonated by the igniter 10, the bullet 9, which is tightly fitted inside the large diameter portion 3 of the cylinder 4, hits the head of the striking body 7, as shown in FIG. Proceed towards part 6 and strike it. As shown in FIG. 3, the striking body 7 that has been struck causes the tip of its leg 5 to protrude from the tip of the cylindrical body 4, thereby crushing the stone that comes into contact with the tip of the cylindrical body 4. Become. Even if the striking body 7 moves at high speed inside the cylinder 4, it stops when its head 6 comes into contact with the narrow diameter part 2.

As described above, in the present invention, by the bullet 9 hitting the head 6 of the striking body 7 whose leg portion 5 is supported by the narrow diameter portion 2 of the cylinder 4, the striking body 9 is moved into the cylinder 4. This stone crusher 1 uses the principle of crushing stones by hitting the head of a chisel, so to speak, unlike the conventional stone crusher 1. The crushing principle is completely different from that of the pin hammer type crusher.

[Example] Next, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a stone crusher showing an embodiment of the present invention.

This stone crusher 21 basically consists of a cylindrical body 22
It is configured to include at least a striking body 23 mounted on this cylinder 22, an inner cylinder 24 mounted inside this cylinder 22, and a bullet 25 flying within this cylinder 22. .

The cylindrical body 22 is a hollow cylindrical body with a total length of 28 mm,
The outer surface of the distal end is rounded so that the cylindrical body 22 can be easily inserted into the ureter from the distal end. This rounded tip part has a cylindrical narrow diameter part 26 which has a center line that coincides with the axis of this cylinder body 22 and has a smaller diameter than the inside diameter of the cylinder body 22.
has. The length of this narrow diameter portion 26 in the axial direction is
It has a size sufficient to support the leg portion of the striking body 23, and is, for example, 5 mm. This cylinder 22
The inside, excluding the tip, is a large-diameter portion 27 having a larger diameter than the inner diameter of the small-diameter portion 26.

The striking body 23 includes a columnar leg portion 28 having the same outer diameter as the narrow diameter portion 26 and a columnar head formed at one end of the leg portion 28 and having the same outer diameter as the large diameter portion 27. 29, the other end of the leg 28 is aligned with the tip of the cylindrical body 22, and the leg 28 is fitted into the narrow diameter section 26, and at the same time the head 29 is fitted into the large diameter section. 27 and installed in the cylindrical body 22.

Further, an inner cylinder 24 having an outer diameter that is the same as the diameter of the large diameter portion is fitted into a substantially central portion of the cylinder 22, and a head 29 of the striking body 23 is fitted into the inner cylinder 24. A bullet body 25 is attached to one end facing the shell 25, and the interior formed by the bullet body 25 and the inner peripheral surface of the inner cylinder body 24 is filled with an explosive 30 and an ignition means for igniting the explosive 30, such as an ignition device. Built-in ball 31. On the other hand, a sealing member 32 is attached to the other end of the inner cylindrical body 24 .

The elastic body 25 includes a cylindrical portion 25A having the same outer diameter as the large diameter portion 27, and a columnar protruding portion 25B protruding from one end surface of the cylindrical portion 25A and having the same diameter as the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 24. The cylindrical part 25A is tightly fitted into the large diameter part 27, and the opening at one end of the inner cylinder 24 is fitted into the protrusion 25B, so that the cylinder 22 and the inner cylinder 24 are connected to each other. Attach it to. Note that within the large diameter portion 27, the striking body 2
The head 29 of No. 3 and this bullet 25 are arranged with a predetermined distance therebetween.

The explosive 30 is, for example, tricinate,
Explosives such as DDNP, tetracene, and lead azide can be used.

The sealing member 32 is a hollow cylindrical body having the same outer diameter as the inner diameter of the large diameter portion 27, and a conductive wire 31A for supplying current to the ignition ball 31 is disposed inside this cylindrical body. Further, an annular insertion portion 32A having the same outer diameter as the inner diameter of the inner cylindrical body 24 is formed at one end of the sealing member 32, and an annular insertion portion 32A having the same outer diameter as the inner diameter of the inner cylindrical body 24 is formed on the outer periphery of the substantially central portion of the sealing member 32. It has a circular flange 32B having the same outer diameter as the outer circumference of the body 22.
Then, the insertion portion 32A is fitted and inserted into the other end opening of the inner cylindrical body 24, and the sealing member 32 is inserted into the cylindrical body 22 until the circular flange 32B comes into contact with the other end of the cylindrical body 22. the other end of the inner cylindrical body 24 and the cylindrical body 2.
The other end of 2 is sealed. Note that the sealing member 32
A catheter 33 is attached to the end opposite to the insertion section 32A.

The stone crusher 21 configured as described above crushes stones in the following manner.

That is, the stone crusher 21 is inserted into the urethra, and the tip of the stone crusher 21 is brought into contact with the stone in the affected area. Next, an electric current is passed through the ignition ball 31 through the conductive wire 31A, thereby igniting the ignition ball 31 and detonating the explosive 30. The bullet 25 that was attached to one end of the inner cylinder 24 due to the explosion of the explosive 30
rushes toward the head 29 of the striking body 23 and strikes the head 29. Due to the impact of the bullet 25, the striking body 23 gains momentum and moves its leg 28 towards the cylindrical body 22.
The stone is caused to protrude from the tip of the cylindrical body 22, thereby crushing the stone that comes into contact with the tip of the cylindrical body 22.

In this case, since the cylindrical part 25A of the bullet 25 has the same outer diameter as the inner diameter of the large diameter part 27, the bullet 25 can advance while sliding on the inner peripheral surface of the large diameter part 27. becomes.

Further, since the outer diameter of the head 29 of the striking body 23 is the same as the inner diameter of the large diameter portion 27, the outer periphery of the head 29 of the striking body 23 is connected to the large diameter portion 27.
While sliding on the inner circumferential surface of the bullet 7, the ball 25 is struck by the bullet 25 and advances.

Further, since the leg portion 28 of the striking body 23 is inserted into the narrow diameter portion 26 in a tightly fitted state, the striking body 23 has a contact area between the outer periphery of the leg portion 28 and the inner circumferential surface of the narrow diameter portion 26. will move within the narrow diameter portion 26 while sliding.

Then, the striking body 23 stops moving by bringing the head 29 into contact with the boundary step between the large diameter portion 27 and the small diameter portion 26 .

[Effects of the Invention] In the conventional pin hammer type crusher, the pin hammer is directly ejected by the explosive force of the explosive, and the pin hammer collides with the stone to crush it.
Therefore, in the conventional pin hammer type crusher, in order to fly the pin hammer at a speed sufficient to crush the stone, it is necessary to secure a sufficient distance within the cylinder for the pin hammer to fly. Therefore, it was not possible to shorten the length of the pin hammer type crusher body. However, the stone crusher according to the present invention advances the impacting body by accelerating a light projectile at high speed inside the crusher and colliding with the impacting body, so the length of the crusher body can be shortened. can do. Therefore, the patient's pain when inserting this lithotripter into the patient can be reduced.

As mentioned above, this stone crusher uses a method in which the bullet collides with the impacting body, so by adjusting the weight of the bullet and the impacting body, the speed of the impacting body required to crush the stone can be adjusted. This eliminates the complexity of measuring the amount of explosives and selecting the type of explosives, and eliminates the difficulty in manufacturing due to the complexity of selecting the type of explosives and measuring the explosives, as in the past. can.

In addition, since this stone crusher has a structure in which the narrow diameter part supports the legs of the impacting body, it is possible to advance the impacting body while keeping the axis of the impacting body perpendicular to the surface of the stone. As a result, the striking body crushes the stone with the maximum force of the striking body hit by the bullet, and the stone can be reliably crushed.

Further, in this stone crusher, the bullet is mounted in the large diameter portion in a tightly fitted state, and this bullet slides within the large diameter portion while maintaining the tightly fitted state, and the striking body is Since the head is tightly fitted into the large diameter part and the legs are tightly fitted into the small diameter part, it is attached to the cylindrical body.
The explosive is triple-sealed within the cylinder between the legs and head of the striking body and the bullet. Therefore, when inserting this lithotripter into a patient's body, bodily fluids may enter the barrel and moisten the explosive, or explosive gas may leak out of the barrel and cause damage to the patient's body. It is possible to reliably prevent this from happening.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing the structure of this invention, Fig. 2
3 and 3 are longitudinal cross-sectional views showing the operation of the structure of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention. 1... Stone crusher, 2... Small diameter part, 3... Large diameter part, 4
...Cylinder body, 5...Legs, 6...Head, 7...Blowing body, 8...
Explosive, 9... Bullet, 21... Stone crusher, 26... Small diameter part, 27... Large diameter part, 22... Cylindrical body, 28... Leg part, 2
9...head, 23...impacting body, 30...explosives, 25...munition.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A cylindrical body having a small diameter portion having a small inner diameter at the tip and a large diameter portion having a large inner diameter outside the tip, a leg and a head formed at one end of the leg. a striking body mounted in the cylindrical body with the leg portions tightly fitted into the narrow diameter portion and the head portion tightly fitted into the large diameter portion; In this state, a projectile is disposed in the cylinder with a predetermined distance from the head of the striking body, and is capable of advancing toward the head of the striking body by the explosive force of the explosive loaded in the cylinder. and by causing the bullet to collide with the head of the striking body by the explosion of the explosive, thereby causing the tip of the leg of the striking body to protrude outside the tip of the barrel; A stone crusher characterized by being designed to crush stones applied to the tip of the body.