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JPH0341437B2 - - Google Patents
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JPH0341437B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0341437B2
JPH0341437B2 JP55088878A JP8887880A JPH0341437B2 JP H0341437 B2 JPH0341437 B2 JP H0341437B2 JP 55088878 A JP55088878 A JP 55088878A JP 8887880 A JP8887880 A JP 8887880A JP H0341437 B2 JPH0341437 B2 JP H0341437B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
single crystal
silicon single
silicon
nitrogen
grown
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP55088878A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
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JPS5717497A (en
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority to JP8887880A priority Critical patent/JPS5717497A/en
Publication of JPS5717497A publication Critical patent/JPS5717497A/en
Publication of JPH0341437B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0341437B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Liquid Deposition Of Substances Of Which Semiconductor Devices Are Composed (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明はシリコン単結晶の製造方法に関するも
ので、特に単結晶を使用する半導体素子製造工程
に含まれる熱処理工程においてシリコンウエハに
生ずる熱応力に強いシリコン単結晶を得ることを
目的とするものである。 シリコン結晶を使用した半導体素子製造には、
酸化拡散工程として1000℃〜1250℃程度の高温下
での熱処理が必要であるが、その際シリコンウエ
ハ内に熱応力が発生し、熱応力が弾性限界を越え
た場合転位の発生と増殖が起り(スリツプ欠陥)
シリコンウエハは歪む。スリツプ欠陥が多く発生
し、かつ歪みの大きいシリコンウエハは半導体素
子製造工程のホトリソグラフイー工程を困難にす
るばかりでなく、スリツプ欠陥による素子特性の
劣化を招く原因となる。 この現象はシリコンウエハの大直径化につれて
ますます顕著となつてきている。 この問題の解決の一方法として、酸化、拡散工
程でのシリコンウエハに対する熱応力の緩和策
(低温酸化および拡散、拡散炉へのウエハ出し入
れ温度および速度の緩和等)が実施されている
が、これらの方法では生産性の低下を伴うという
欠点がある。 一方、シリコン単結晶の製造法としては、チヨ
クラルスキー法(CZ法)および浮遊帯融法(FZ
法)がよく知られているが、CZ法で育成された
シリコン単結晶は一般にFZ法により育成された
シリコン単結晶に比べ熱応力に強いことが知られ
ている(文献S.M.Hu et al.ジヤーナル オブ
アブライド フイジクス 46(5)P1869,1975)。 これはCZ法の単結晶製造工程において、酸素
が石英ルツボの溶解により4×1017〜2×
1018atoms/c.c.程シリコン単結晶中に添加されて
いるのに反し、FZ法で育成されたシリコン単結
晶中にはその製造法から酸素濃度は1×
1016atoms/c.c.以下であることのためと考えられ
ている。このためFZ法におけるシリコン単結晶
育成中に酸素を添加する試みが種々なされている
が、単結晶育成を阻害する等の問題から熱応力に
対する改善に必要な程充分な酸素をシリコン単結
晶中に添加することは困難である。 本発明者らはかかる熱応力による単結晶の劣化
に対する特にFZ法における改善について種々検
討の結果、窒素をシリコン結晶中に少量添加する
ことにより酸素添加と同等またはそれ以上の効果
が得られることを知見し本発明に到達したもので
ある。 すなわち、本発明はアルゴンガスに容量比が
0.05%から3%の範囲内の窒素ガスを混合したほ
ぼ常圧のふんい気ガス中で浮遊帯融法によりシリ
コン単結晶を育成し、該単結晶中に窒素原子を添
加し熱応力に強くすることを特徴とするシリコン
単結晶の製造方法を要旨とするものである。 本発明の方法においてアルゴンあるいはアルゴ
ン、水素の混合ガスに対する窒素ガスの添加量
は、容量比で0.05〜3%、好ましくは0.1〜1.5%
の範囲である。この範囲を越えると単結晶の育成
が困難となる。なお、窒素ガスの代りに、あるい
はこれとともにアンモニア、ヒドラジン、三フツ
化窒素のような窒素を含む化合物をガス代として
添加することもできる。 このようにして窒素ガスまたは窒素化合物を混
合したふんい気中でシリコン単結晶の育成を行う
ことにより、窒素原子が添加されたシリコン単結
晶が得られる。結晶中に窒素原子が添加されてい
ることは放射化分析によつて確認されている。 本発明による製造方法により育成されたシリコ
ン単結晶から切り出されたウエハは、CZ法で育
成されたシリコン単結晶から切り出されたウエハ
と同様な熱処理工程を持つ半導体素子工程中の熱
応力に充分強く何らそれ以上の熱応力に対する緩
和策は必要とせず、かつ半導体素子の電気的諸特
性にも何ら影響を与えないことが証明されてい
る。 本発明によるシリコン単結晶は、窒素を添加し
ない従来のFZ法で育成されたシリコン単結晶に
生ずる結晶欠陥、いわゆるエツチングデプレツシ
ヨン(文献 lnst.Phys.Conf.Ser.No.23
1974P.538)の発生を防止することができる。 ここで述べたエツチングデプレツシヨンとは、
アルゴン雰囲気のFZ法で育成された比較的大口
径の無転位シリコン単結晶棒の中心部に存在する
一種の結晶欠陥で、その成長軸に直角に切断され
たウエーハ面をエツチング(例えば弗硝酸)した
ときに、中央部が同心円状にかなり深く(肉眼で
識別可能)ほぼ一様にエツチングされることがあ
り、このエツチングされた凹みに因んで命名され
た結晶欠陥をいう。その成因は、液界面が結晶成
長の過程でその曲率が変化することにより、エツ
チングデプレツシヨンに該当する中央部に、スト
レスを解消すべく空孔が集合することによると推
定される。 本発明により窒素を添加したシリコン単結晶は
第1図aに示すようにエツチングデプレツシヨン
が認められないが、従来の方法により育成された
ものは第1図bのようにエツチングデプレツシヨ
ンが顕著に認められる。 さらに、シリコン単結晶育成ふん気中に窒素ガ
スを混合することにより高周波加熱における放電
開始電圧をも高めることができ、より大直径の単
結晶育成が可能となつた。本発明は単に浮遊帯融
法(FZ法)にのみ限定されるものではなく他の
シリコン単結晶育成法にも適用されるものである
ことはもちろんである。 FZ法においては、高周波コイルがシリコン棒
を同心円的に近接囲繞し、かつコイル自身がその
近接給電端を有するので、特に大直径のFZ法を
実施する場合には、グローまたはアーク放電が発
生しやすい。例えば単にアルゴン雰囲気では、常
圧で約7kVでアーク放電を開始するが、これに窒
素を例えば2%入れると数kV放電開始電圧が上
昇する。もちろん高周波コイルの形状、周波数そ
の他の条件で放電開始電圧が変るが、放電が起こ
ると、コイルに高周波電流は当然流れなくなるの
で、浮遊帯域は固化し操業は続行できなくなる。
またこの放電により過電流が流れ装置を故障させ
る。 以下実施例をあげて説明する。 実施例 1〜3 浮遊帯融法により、容量比で0.1%、1%、3
%の窒素を添加したアルゴンガスふんい気中で、
直径104mm、方位<100>のシリコン単結晶を育成
した。 この育成された単結晶から直径100mm、厚さ
600μm±10μmのシリコンウエハ(片面鏡面、片
面エツチング)を切り出し1075℃±1℃、10分間
熱処理し、炉への出し入れ速度は20cm/分でこれ
を5回くり返した。 つぎに、これをスリツプ欠陥検出液(CrO3
HF(50%):H2O=1:2:1)で5分間エツチ
ングデし、スリツプの発生状況を調べた。 比較例 1〜3 浮遊帯融法による、窒素無添加、窒素0.01%添
加のアルゴンガスふんい気中とチヨクラルスキ法
による窒素無添加のアルゴンガスふんい気中で前
記実施例と同じように直径104mm、方位<100>の
シリコン単結晶を育成し、これから直径100mm、
厚さ600μm±10μmのシリコンウエハを切り出し、
同一条件で熱処理し、スリツプ欠陥検出液でエツ
チングし、スリツプ発生状況を調べた。 前記各実施例、比較例のスリツプ発生状況は表
−1のとおりであつた。
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a silicon single crystal, and in particular, its purpose is to obtain a silicon single crystal that is resistant to thermal stress generated in a silicon wafer during a heat treatment process included in a semiconductor device manufacturing process using a single crystal. . For semiconductor device manufacturing using silicon crystal,
The oxidation diffusion process requires heat treatment at a high temperature of approximately 1000°C to 1250°C, but thermal stress is generated within the silicon wafer during this process, and if the thermal stress exceeds the elastic limit, dislocations will occur and multiply. (slip defect)
Silicon wafers are distorted. A silicon wafer with many slip defects and large distortions not only makes the photolithography process of the semiconductor device manufacturing process difficult, but also causes deterioration of device characteristics due to the slip defects. This phenomenon is becoming more and more noticeable as the diameter of silicon wafers becomes larger. As a way to solve this problem, measures have been taken to alleviate thermal stress on silicon wafers during the oxidation and diffusion processes (low-temperature oxidation and diffusion, relaxation of the temperature and speed at which wafers are taken in and out of diffusion furnaces, etc.). This method has the disadvantage of decreasing productivity. On the other hand, methods for producing silicon single crystals include the Czyochralski method (CZ method) and the floating zone fusion method (FZ method).
However, it is known that silicon single crystals grown by the CZ method are generally more resistant to thermal stress than silicon single crystals grown by the FZ method (Reference SMHu et al. Journal of
Abride Physics 46 (5) P1869, 1975). This is due to the fact that during the single crystal manufacturing process of the CZ method, oxygen is dissolved in the quartz crucible to 4×10 17 to 2×
10 18 atoms/cc is added to silicon single crystals, whereas in silicon single crystals grown by the FZ method, the oxygen concentration is 1× due to the manufacturing method.
This is thought to be due to the fact that it is less than 10 16 atoms/cc. For this reason, various attempts have been made to add oxygen during silicon single crystal growth in the FZ method, but due to problems such as inhibiting single crystal growth, sufficient oxygen is added to the silicon single crystal to improve against thermal stress. It is difficult to add. As a result of various studies on improving the deterioration of single crystals caused by such thermal stress, especially in the FZ method, the present inventors found that adding a small amount of nitrogen to a silicon crystal can achieve an effect equal to or greater than that of oxygen addition. This is what led to the present invention. That is, the present invention has a capacity ratio of argon gas.
A silicon single crystal is grown by the floating zone melting method in a nearly normal pressure atmosphere mixed with nitrogen gas in the range of 0.05% to 3%, and nitrogen atoms are added to the single crystal to make it resistant to thermal stress. The gist of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a silicon single crystal, which is characterized by: In the method of the present invention, the amount of nitrogen gas added to argon or a mixed gas of argon and hydrogen is 0.05 to 3% by volume, preferably 0.1 to 1.5%.
is within the range of If it exceeds this range, it will be difficult to grow a single crystal. Note that a nitrogen-containing compound such as ammonia, hydrazine, or nitrogen trifluoride may be added as a gas instead of or together with nitrogen gas. By growing a silicon single crystal in air mixed with nitrogen gas or a nitrogen compound in this way, a silicon single crystal doped with nitrogen atoms can be obtained. The presence of nitrogen atoms in the crystal has been confirmed by activation analysis. Wafers cut from silicon single crystals grown by the manufacturing method of the present invention are sufficiently resistant to thermal stress during the semiconductor device process, which has the same heat treatment process as wafers cut from silicon single crystals grown by the CZ method. It has been proven that no further measures to alleviate thermal stress are required and that the electrical properties of the semiconductor device are not affected in any way. The silicon single crystal according to the present invention has crystal defects, so-called etching depression, that occur in silicon single crystals grown by the conventional FZ method without adding nitrogen (Reference lnst.Phys.Conf.Ser.No.23
1974P.538) can be prevented from occurring. What is the etching depression mentioned here?
This is a type of crystal defect that exists in the center of a relatively large-diameter dislocation-free silicon single crystal rod grown by the FZ method in an argon atmosphere, and the wafer surface cut perpendicular to its growth axis is etched (e.g. with fluoronitric acid). When this occurs, the central part may be etched concentrically and fairly deeply (discernible to the naked eye) almost uniformly, and this crystal defect is named after this etched depression. The reason for this is presumed to be that as the curvature of the liquid interface changes during the crystal growth process, vacancies gather in the central region corresponding to etching depression in order to relieve stress. The silicon single crystal to which nitrogen has been added according to the present invention shows no etching depression as shown in Figure 1a, but the silicon single crystal grown by the conventional method shows no etching depression as shown in Figure 1b. Remarkably recognized. Furthermore, by mixing nitrogen gas into the silicon single crystal growth atmosphere, the discharge starting voltage during high frequency heating can be increased, making it possible to grow a single crystal with a larger diameter. It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the floating zone fusion method (FZ method), but can also be applied to other silicon single crystal growth methods. In the FZ method, the high-frequency coil concentrically surrounds the silicon rod, and the coil itself has its own close feeding end, so glow or arc discharge does not occur, especially when implementing the FZ method with a large diameter. Cheap. For example, in a simple argon atmosphere, arc discharge starts at about 7 kV at normal pressure, but if 2% nitrogen is added to this, the discharge starting voltage increases by several kV. Of course, the discharge starting voltage changes depending on the shape, frequency, and other conditions of the high-frequency coil, but when a discharge occurs, the high-frequency current naturally stops flowing through the coil, and the floating band solidifies, making it impossible to continue operation.
This discharge also causes an overcurrent to flow and cause the device to malfunction. This will be explained below by giving examples. Examples 1 to 3 By floating zone melting method, the capacity ratio is 0.1%, 1%, 3
In an atmosphere of argon gas with % nitrogen added,
A silicon single crystal with a diameter of 104 mm and an orientation of <100> was grown. This grown single crystal has a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of
A 600 μm±10 μm silicon wafer (one side mirror-finished, one side etched) was cut out and heat treated at 1075° C.±1° C. for 10 minutes, and this process was repeated 5 times at a speed of loading and unloading into the furnace of 20 cm/min. Next, add this to slip defect detection liquid (CrO 3 :
Etching was performed for 5 minutes with HF (50%):H 2 O=1:2:1), and the occurrence of slips was examined. Comparative Examples 1 to 3 A diameter of 104 mm was obtained using the floating zone melting method in an atmosphere of argon gas with no addition of nitrogen and 0.01% nitrogen, and in an atmosphere of argon gas without addition of nitrogen using the Czyochralski method in the same manner as in the previous example. , a silicon single crystal with orientation <100> is grown, and from this, a diameter of 100 mm,
Cut out a silicon wafer with a thickness of 600μm±10μm,
It was heat treated under the same conditions, etched with a slip defect detection solution, and the occurrence of slips was investigated. The occurrence of slips in each of the Examples and Comparative Examples is shown in Table 1.

【表】 上表から明らかなように本発明によれば耐スリ
ツプ性が改善されている。 参考例 シリコンウエハの熱処理回数とスリツプ発生状
況との関係を、窒素ガス無添加のアルゴンガスふ
んい気を用いるFZ法とCZ法および本発明のFZ法
(窒素ガス0.5%添加)について比較すると、第3
図のような概略曲線図と表−2のようになる。 第3図の縦軸(スリツプ相対強度)は、ウエー
ハ上に検出されたスリツプの面積を比較的に示し
たもので、数字が大きい程、ウエーハ上のスリツ
プの発生した面積が大きいことを意味する。具体
的には、約1/2に縮尺した写真の上に、透明な方
眼紙(最小単位1mm角)をあて、スリツプを含む
方眼紙の目を計数し、CZの熱処理4回のときの
面積を1として各データーのスリツプ発生度合を
比較表現したものである。
[Table] As is clear from the above table, the slip resistance is improved according to the present invention. Reference Example Comparing the relationship between the number of heat treatments of silicon wafers and the occurrence of slips between the FZ method and CZ method using argon gas fumes without nitrogen gas added, and the FZ method of the present invention (with 0.5% nitrogen gas added). Third
A schematic curve diagram as shown in the figure and Table 2 are shown. The vertical axis (relative slip strength) in Figure 3 relatively indicates the area of slips detected on the wafer, and the larger the number, the larger the area on the wafer where slips have occurred. . Specifically, we placed transparent graph paper (minimum unit: 1 mm square) on top of a photo scaled to about 1/2, counted the mesh of the graph paper including the slips, and calculated the area when CZ was heat-treated four times. This is a comparative expression of the degree of slip occurrence for each data set.

【表】【table】 【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図はシリコンウエハの断面写真でaは本発
明方法、bは従来法のものである。第2図a〜f
はシリコンウエハのスリツプ発生状況を示す断面
図、第3図はシリコンウエハの熱処理回数とスリ
ツプ発生状況を示す概略曲線図、第4図はシリコ
ンウエハのスリツプ発生状況を示す断面写真であ
る。
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional photograph of a silicon wafer, in which a shows the method of the present invention and b shows the conventional method. Figure 2 a-f
3 is a cross-sectional view showing the occurrence of slips in silicon wafers, FIG. 3 is a schematic curve diagram showing the number of heat treatments of silicon wafers and the occurrence of slips, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional photograph showing the occurrence of slips in silicon wafers.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 アルゴンガスに容量比が0.05%から3%の範
囲内の窒素ガスを混合したほぼ常圧のふんい気ガ
ス中で浮遊帯融法によりシリコン単結晶を育成
し、該単結晶中に窒素原子を添加し熱応力に強く
することを特徴とするシリコン単結晶の製造方
法。
1. A silicon single crystal is grown by the floating zone melting method in a nearly normal pressure atmosphere mixed with argon gas and nitrogen gas in a volume ratio of 0.05% to 3%, and nitrogen atoms in the single crystal are grown. A method for producing a silicon single crystal characterized by adding .
JP8887880A 1980-06-30 1980-06-30 Manufacture of silicon single crystal Granted JPS5717497A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8887880A JPS5717497A (en) 1980-06-30 1980-06-30 Manufacture of silicon single crystal

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8887880A JPS5717497A (en) 1980-06-30 1980-06-30 Manufacture of silicon single crystal

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5717497A JPS5717497A (en) 1982-01-29
JPH0341437B2 true JPH0341437B2 (en) 1991-06-24

Family

ID=13955252

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP8887880A Granted JPS5717497A (en) 1980-06-30 1980-06-30 Manufacture of silicon single crystal

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5717497A (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4591409A (en) * 1984-05-03 1986-05-27 Texas Instruments Incorporated Control of nitrogen and/or oxygen in silicon via nitride oxide pressure during crystal growth
JPS60251190A (en) * 1984-05-25 1985-12-11 Shin Etsu Handotai Co Ltd Preparation of silicon single crystal
JPH033244A (en) * 1989-05-30 1991-01-09 Shin Etsu Handotai Co Ltd Heat treatment method for semiconductor silicon substrate
JP2785585B2 (en) * 1992-04-21 1998-08-13 信越半導体株式会社 Method for producing silicon single crystal
JP2742247B2 (en) * 1995-04-27 1998-04-22 信越半導体株式会社 Manufacturing method and quality control method for silicon single crystal substrate
KR100541882B1 (en) 1998-05-01 2006-01-16 왁커 엔에스씨이 코포레이션 Silicon Semiconductor Substrate and Method of Manufacturing the Same
JP2000082679A (en) 1998-07-08 2000-03-21 Canon Inc Semiconductor substrate and manufacturing method thereof
DE10014650A1 (en) 2000-03-24 2001-10-04 Wacker Siltronic Halbleitermat Silicon semiconductor wafer and method for manufacturing the semiconductor wafer
CN103436951A (en) * 2013-08-27 2013-12-11 天津市环欧半导体材料技术有限公司 Drawing method of float-zone silicon single crystals

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE788026A (en) * 1971-08-26 1973-02-26 Siemens Ag METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DIRECTED INTRODUCTION OF DOPING MATERIALS INTO SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTALS DURING A CRUCIBLE ZONE MELTING

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Publication number Publication date
JPS5717497A (en) 1982-01-29

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