JPH0343832B2 - - Google Patents

Description

Apparatus for displaying a stereoscopic television image of a subject to a viewer positioned in front of the television image viewing screen, including a surface viewing screen 12. 4. A stereoscopic television image display device according to claim 3, wherein the projection optical elements 9-11 include an array 9 of roof-shaped reflectors. 5. The stereoscopic television image display device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the stationary semi-mirror observation screen 12 has a concave shape.

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for stereoscopic reproduction of television, sometimes standard television signals. A three-dimensional television apparatus according to the present invention is disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 4,231,642, No. 5, ``Method and Apparatus for Circular to Linear Scan Conversion of Stereoscopic Cinema'' uses the basic optical scanning device and screen, but does not require film. The present invention scans an array of images generated from a solid state charge coupled device liquid crystal light valve (CCDLCLV) or the like arranged in an arc in a horizontal plane. In the aforementioned US Pat. No. 4,231,642, the image plane is contained within the plane of a straight cylinder. Further, in the present invention, the input is N continuously varying television frames of an electronic standard television signal, which are stored in a spiral manner in sequence on a magnetic disk, tape, or solid state memory by an array of images. accessed more than that. The frames are read into a charge coupled device memory and then transferred in parallel to a liquid crystal readout image array. Thus, the television image decays exponentially after transfer due to the time constant of the liquid crystal, but is scanned following the transfer time interval to ensure a strong signal. The optical scanning device is synchronized to the television signal. U.S. Pat. No. 4,231,642 requires a continuously rotating image motion compensating mirror drum to stabilize a continuously moving film image. The mirror was parallel to the axis of rotation and the film was not synchronized with the scanning device.
In the present invention, the rotating drum is replaced by a stationary roof mirror surface that makes an angle of 45° with the horizontal plane of the array of N images. This is possible because the N image arrays are also stationary. US Patent No.
In No. 4,231,642, the film was advanced in one direction and sequences were determined for correct three-dimensional orientation and relative movement between the camera and the subject in one direction. The present invention includes automatic sensing electronics that act accurately on camera-to-subject motion in either direction. The present invention consists of a new three-dimensional television system that uses existing single-channel television bandwidth to provide the viewer with a three-dimensional (holographic) image without the need for glasses. To provide a device that allows a spatial image to be "looked around." A scene (hereinafter referred to as a subject) can be viewed simultaneously and without the constraints of the various individual positions of a large number of people, without the use of aids to the viewer's eyes. Attempts have been made for several decades to reconstruct objects in three dimensions so that they can be seen (denoted as We have discovered that if the air exit slit is presented as viewed from behind, parallax will prevent each viewer's eye from seeing what the other eye sees at any given time.When the air exit slit is activated, , the eye sees the complete image within a short period of time, which is within the afterimage period of human vision.As can be determined from the actual results, the brain combines what is seen with both eyes into a single image. A closer look at the device according to the invention shows that the perspective image seen by one eye of the viewer is composed of image information of individual vertical lines at different points in time. At the same point in time, the viewer's other eye is seeing a completely different perspective. Because the eyes are not spatially coincident and are separated horizontally, the net perspective for both eyes is different. The present invention provides a method for stereoscopically reproducing standard television signals, which is accomplished in the next step, i.e., between the television camera and the subject. imparting a relative lateral movement to form a plurality of sequential television frames or fields; accumulating said plurality of sequential television frames or fields in an array 2 of image storage locations; at least one identical radiation; scanning said image array by a rotating scanning projector 5-11 having a surface unit; during the scanning of any single projection surface unit of said scanning projector 5-11, said array of image storage locations; In any of the image storage locations in 2.
accumulating an entire television frame or field in the array 2 of image storage locations during the periods between successive scans carried out by the projection surface units of the scanning projectors 5 to 11; advancing all the images of the image into the next sequential television frame or field, successively projecting said image array in said image storage array 2 onto a semi-mirror screen 12, and during the period of said projection. The positions of the scanning projectors 5 to 11 are successively moved along the arc of one projection circle 50, and the semi-mirror screen 12 has a curved shape, the radius of curvature of which is equal to the radius of the projection circle 50. The semi-mirror screen 12 allows the incident light from the scanning projectors 5 to 11 to be
scattering in the vertical direction and reflecting in the horizontal direction; causing the reflected light and scattered light from the semi-specular screen 12 to intersect with a tangent 14-O-S essentially tangent to the projection circle 50; moving the intersecting lights of This includes being within the visual afterimage period. The present invention also provides an apparatus for displaying television stereoscopically to a viewer in front of a television screen, said apparatus generating a video signal and storing it in a number of television frame storage locations. a generating device for generating a video signal for the purpose of displaying a video signal;
Multiple image storage locations 2 for storing image arrays
at least one image forming storage device for storing;
Scanning projector 5 with two identical projection surface units
~11. Timing the synchronous motor 3 coupled to the scanning projector 5~11, and controlling the image storage location 2.
A synchronization signal extraction device for extracting a synchronization signal for timing when arranging the images in order from the video signal, an image direction sensor for holding a three-dimensional image display of the subject ( 7 and 8), an optical element 6 mounted on each of the projection surface units of the scanning projectors 5 to 11,
7, a fixed lamp 4 for sequentially illuminating the image storage location 2, and the scanning projector 5-11.
projection optical elements 9 to 11 for projecting the image stored in the image storage location 2 onto a stationary semi-mirror observation screen 12; and a stationary semi-mirror viewing screen 12 configured to send the projected light back towards a laterally moving spatial exit slit 13. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the three-dimensional television receiver of the present invention, showing the main elements of the device. Details and possible modifications of this embodiment will be explained using the subsequent drawings. In FIG. 1, a standard television signal is received by a conventional antenna 1 and sent to a TV receiver, where the desired RF channel is selected and converted into an audio signal that drives a conventional loudspeaker. Horizontal and vertical synchronization signals are then generated, which adjust the TV frame modulator (described in the U.S. patents referenced below) by individual charge-coupled device liquid crystal light valves (CCDLCLV) in the 120° arcuate radiating array 2. It generates a timing signal for timing and simultaneously supplies a synchronization reference signal to the motor 3. Furthermore, the video signal is supplied to the image direction sensor shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, where the
The sequential right or left loading of subsequent TV frames for the CCDLCLV array is determined. The timing associated with the video signal for N consecutive frames (N is 24 as described below), the power for the stationary array of CCDLCLVs, and the power for the fixed projection lamp 4 are provided via electrical wires from the power supply. are sent to these stationary elements.
The scanner 5 is connected to a synchronous motor 3,
Rotates at 1800rpm (30r/s synchronized with TV sync pulse). The scanner 5 is symmetrical about the axis of rotation and includes a condenser lens assembly 6, a mirror 7, a polarizer 8,
It includes a stationary conical array of N 90° roof mirrors 9, an analyzer and projection lens assembly 10, and an aspherical reflector 11 arranged under a 120° arcuate array of CCDLCLV2. Details of the scanner assembly are shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. In FIG. 2A, light from a fixed lamp 4 is focused by a focusing lens assembly 6 and a symmetrical mirror 7.
reflected by [similar mirrors arranged symmetrically to each other above the scanner 5], passed through a polarizer similar to 8 and reflected by array 2 of CCDLCLV, then reflected by array 2 of N roof mirrors. 9, passes through an analyzer and projection lens assembly 10, and is reflected from an aspherical mirror 11 onto a semi-specular segmented screen 12. 3A and 3B for projection onto and reflection from screen 12.
This will be explained with reference to the figure, but at the same time, U.S. Patent No.
Details are given in No. 4231642. All the light projected towards the screen 12 is collected into the vertical spatial exit slit 13. The slit 13 moves linearly across the image observation window 14 during 1/60 seconds when the runner 5 makes a half revolution in 1/60 seconds (ie, equal to the TV field period). Window 14 is the first
It has diagonal corners indicated by points A and B in the figure.
The air outlet slit 13 occupies the entire height of the window 14, the height of which is determined by the vertical scattering angle of the screen 12. The three-dimensional television projection device according to the present invention includes:
Proper operation can be achieved not only by the reflection method described herein but also by the arrangement of frame image modulators with light transmission features. 2A and 2B are detailed views of the embodiment of the stereoscopic television projector shown in FIG. 1 according to the present invention. FIG. 2A is a side elevational view of the television projector, and is a partial sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2B. FIG. 2B is a plan view of the television projector with the top right portion cut away to clearly show the scanning mechanism. In FIG. 2A, the member 20 of the scanner 5 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to the motor 3 by a flange 21. In FIG. The motor 3 is fixed to a base 22 of the housing of the scanner 5, which base 22 is connected to at least three legs, one of which is a leg 23. The housing of the scanner 5 has sides 24 and 25;
It is formed by a top 26, a window 27, and tops 28 and 29. A baffle 30 is arranged on the center line of rotation, which is held through a spacer 31 and admits air through a concentric hole in the top 29. Air exits the circular scanner housing through peripheral slots, not shown, and the scanner 5 serves as both a lamp cooling fan rotor and a television image scanner. To simplify the explanation, a projection surface unit having only a half configuration of the symmetrical scanner 5 is shown in FIG. 2A. The two projection surface units are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center line of the scanner 5. Scanner 5 is comprised of member 20, a condenser lens housing 6 containing condenser lenses 32 and 33, and a main scanner strut 34 coupled to member 20 and lens housing 6. The first surface mirror 7 is attached to the member 20. A polarizing filter 8 is mounted over the hole in the strut 34 to allow sufficient passage of the focused beam from the fixed omnidirectional projection lamp 4. The projection lens bracket 35 is connected to the strut 34
The lens barrel 36 is attached to the lens bracket 35. Lens barrel 36 includes an analyzer 37 and a projection lens 38. The optical axis of the projection lens 38 is the scanning rotation axis and the first
It is disposed perpendicular to the projection screen 12 shown to avoid trapezoidal distortion problems. The scanner 5 is an aspherical mirror 1
1 and projects a wide horizontal angle image onto the screen 12. The screen 12 extends beyond the range shown in FIGS. 2A or 2B and extends beyond the range shown in FIGS.
As shown in Figure A. Lamp 4 is bracket 3
9 is attached to the reference fixing member 29. The fixed bracket 40 is a conical bracket 41
Provides support for. The conical bracket 41 is
It is fixed to a reference fixing member 29 and includes a series of flat or roof mirror segments, the number of which can vary but is selected (according to the criteria described below) to be 24, which is the first equal to the number of consecutive television frames obtained by the N frame memories shown. Twenty-four consecutive television frames are modulated onto the surface of the CCDLCLV solid, designated by reference numeral 2 in FIG. 2A. The mirror segments are collectively designated by the reference numeral 9 in FIGS. 1 and 2A. Conical bracket 4
The 24 mirror segments around the conical section attached to 1 can be flat or 90° roof mirrors. The roof mirror principle is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,089,597 and U.S. Pat. The advantage of roof mirrors is that the light level does not drop at the edges of the mirror and cause vertical black streaks in the image, but the light level remains constant and produces a continuous image without any visible breaks. The mirror segments 9 are arranged radially offset about the scanning center line in FIG. 2A with respect to the radial arrangement of the modulation image plane 2;
Either there is a radial match at the center of the array of 24 frames (i.e. the 12th frame), or there is a gradual deviation from an exact match from frame 11 to frame 1 and from frame 13 to frame 24, resulting in an exact match. The largest deviations from a perfect match occur in frames 1 and 24. The form of deviation given to the arrangement of mirror segments 9 is called a preset. This "presetting" of images is described in detail in US Pat. No. 4,231,642. Image preset means that during reproduction of the object, the optical axis of the original camera that photographed the object is always tracked perpendicular to the straight line of the trajectory of the movement of the space exit slit 13 of the projector. Make it certain. Thus, in order to compensate for the difference between the horizontal linear scan during imaging by the television camera and the circular arc scan of the projector 5, a preset offset is applied to the arrangement of the mirror segments 9. This relationship is shown in FIG. 3A (a plan view of the basic arrangement of the projection device). The scanning projector P moves within a trajectory 50 of radius r.
A segmented horizontal reflective screen 12 with vertical scattering properties is shown centered at C and at radius 3r. Screen 12 is based on U.S. Patent No.
Details are given in No. 4231642. Only three of the several screen segments are shown at locations a, b, and c in FIG. 3A. Each of these segments is perpendicular to the line drawn between the space exit slit scanning window 14 and the intersection O of the perpendicular to the scanning window 14 passing through the center C of the scanning circle 50 and each of these segments. be. When, due to the preset mentioned above, a ray in the direction of the optical axis of the original camera is projected along the straight line PQ, regardless of the position of P along the scanning circle 50. The line PQb is reflected to point S, which indicates the position of the spatial exit slit on the bs line perpendicular to the scanning window 14. Presetting the 24 images in array 2 of the CCDLCLV to the arc of the 24 mirrors on the conical portion of the conical bracket 41 automatically results in the arrangement shown in FIG. 3A during each scan cycle. . Another segment that does not have the segment shown in FIG. 3A, but has a constant vertical cross section, a center of curvature located at point O, and a radius greater than twice the radius r of the projector scanning trajectory 50 (approximately 4r is reasonable). The screen 12a is shown in plan view in FIG. 3B. This screen is covered by U.S. Patent No. 16 May 1978.
It has the same characteristics as described for the screen in Figure 5 of No. 4089597. Lens modifications for projection onto deeply curved concave screens are detailed in J.H. Haldeius, U.S. Pat. Indicated by reference numeral 2 in Figures 1 and 2A.
Wiring for supplying clock signals, power and video signals to the array of CCDLCLV assemblies enter through holes in the top plate 29 and holes in the bracket 39 of the scanner housing. The hole in the top plate 29 is also the entry point for the lamp cord. The dimensions of the parts of a television projector can be determined based on certain assumptions and with reference to the geometry. Figure 4 shows a three-dimensional TV according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a projection arrangement of a projector. It is assumed that the closest spatial point on which the viewer's eyes ( _EL and _ER ) can focus is point Q on the scanning circle 50.
Point Q is located at a viewing distance D from the viewer's eyes.
Using a 1979 model 21-inch diagonal standard CRT television as a dimensional reference, the width of window mn is 420 mm (16.8 inches), so r = 210 mm (8.4 inches) in Figure 4. It means that. If the width of the space exit slit is x, then from similar triangles 2r/x=D/2.5=0.4D (however, r,
The units of x and D are inches), but 2r/x
=N is the number of images in the scanning window mn. From the above formula, N = 0.4D (however, the unit of D is inches),
According to empirical data, the minimum value of N is N=0.2D (where D is in inches). For a viewing distance D of 3 meters (10 feet), N=24 and x=
It is 17.5mm (0.7 inch). FIG. 5 shows how the vertical screen segments 51, 51' have a normal passing through the reference point o. However, it should be noted that screen 12 is concentric with point C. A window mn is shown in front of the scanning circle 50. To determine the maximum allowable width of the screen segment 51 or 51', we use the criterion that all screen incident rays from any given point along the scanning path are always contained within the spatial exit slit width x. do. From Figure 5, W=x/2=8.75mm
(0.35 inches) (maximum value). There are 226 elements (minimum number) in screen 12. The screen element 51 or 51' is formed of horizontally brushed stainless steel or other plastic surfaces (to provide vertical scattering properties) as disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,231,642 and 4,089,597. be able to. Optical scanning of adjacent image frames and their interleaving to form a stereoscopic scene is detailed in US Pat. No. 4,089,597. If not properly processed, electronic scanning of images can have undesirable net effects on the eye. A frame of film represents all the pixels in parallel when scanned, whereas a television image is formed element by element. The reason for setting CCDLCLV as the modulation medium of the three-dimensional television of the present invention is that it has the property of storing fields and then transmitting the entire field in parallel, so that it has the same attenuation for all images. It is to give. In a three-dimensional television apparatus according to the invention, viewing images during the scanning and decay periods may have an undesirable effect on the viewer. The reason is that what the viewer sees is related to what is on the screen during the interruptions in optical scanning. Since the scanning speed is 1 rotation per 1/30 second,
120 degrees (ie, an arc of an array of 24 images) are scanned in 1/90 seconds. This is 1/2160 seconds, i.e.
This corresponds to scanning one frame in 463 μs. The horizontal line sweep period is 63.5 μs, so about 7 lines are electronically scanned in a conventional TV projector while the optical scanner traverses a single frame on an array of 24 frames. It's just a thing. To avoid the problems of non-uniform image attenuation and partial scanning, the present invention employs a method of storage of the entire field and subsequent parallel transfer of the image to the display array. for that purpose,
The optical scanner must be timed to the TV's synchronization signal. Synchronous motors are chosen over DC servo motors because of their quiet operation. In the present invention, any number of projection surface units can be provided for the scanner 5, but the time interval occurring between successive scans of the television field must be 1/60 second. One projection unit requires a rotor scan speed of 3600 rpm, while two projection units have a rotor scan speed of 1800 rpm. Increasing the number of facets reduces rotor scanning speed, but increases complexity and manufacturing cost. In home TV equipment it may be practical to use two projection units. Commercial television has a vertical blank period of 1334 μs.
21 horizontal lines are used in between. the above
An optical scanner scan period of 463 μs/frame is well suited for the blanking period described above. Figure 6 shows
It shows the timing waveform of the TV video signal, the period for the CCD to transfer parallel fields to the liquid crystal reader, and the information scanning period in the present invention. All fields are loaded onto the CCD during the field video period. Within 50-500 μs after completion of the field video, the CCD transfers the entire field contents to the LCLV. A 100 μs guard follows the load period in case of optical scanner synchronization problems. In practice, the optical scanner can scan the LCLV at any time between the completion of a CCD transfer and the start of the next transfer, but it must be done as close to the end of the transfer period to compensate for a high-contrast image. The entire image gradually fades (uniformly) due to the liquid crystal's natural decay time constant. The invention is based on horizontal parallax caused by relative movement (to the left or right) between the camera and the subject. It is sufficient if either one moves relative to the other. In the three-dimensional TV projector according to the present invention, when the viewer moves laterally with respect to the aerial image, he or she looks around the image as if looking around at a real object in a real scene. In the film three-dimensional image projection device according to US Pat. No. 4,231,642, the device is designed for relative movement in one horizontal direction. It was difficult to adapt the same observation device to horizontal movement in both left and right directions. It should be noted that although strictly horizontal motion is not required, there must be a horizontal motion component to produce the desired parallax. Automatic adaptation to the relative horizontal motion components of the camera/subject in both left and right directions is easily achieved in the 3D TV according to the invention without the need for optical aids for the viewer's eyes. To do this, an electronic device for sensing the direction of motion (image direction sensor in FIG. 1) is used in the device of the invention, and FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate its operation. It is. One of the N display storage and readout devices includes an array of one or more motion direction sensors embedded within the logic device. Figure 8 shows the 5
An array of two sensors is shown. The details are shown in FIG. CS is the central sensor. The few picture elements (pixels) on the right and left of the CS are right and left sensors SR-1-5 and SL-1-5, respectively. All sensors on the right and left listen for a matched signal sequence of short sampled video signal duration (Δt) sensed by the CS a fraction of a second ago. When matching occurs, the sensor array knows the direction of the relative camera/subject motion and issues a programmed command of sequential switching to create a scrolling sequence of images arrayed from the right or left on the arc of the CCDLCLV in the projector. Instruct. Instead of using only SL-3 and SR-3 along the horizontal line containing CS, SL1 to SL5 in Figure 7
The reason for using SR1 to SR5 is that for the vertical component of motion, it is necessary to have similar sensing adaptability as for horizontal motion. This configuration allows the subject to move laterally anywhere on the television screen between angles of ±45° relative to the horizontal and to sense the appropriate left or right horizontal component. A patent has been granted for the disclosure of CCDLCLV to Dr. Jian Greenberg and co-inventors Mike Walldner and Jiyo Jeanie. It is US Patent No. 7, October 1980.
No. 4227201 "CCD readout structure for display devices"
It is. The CCDLCLV device is divided into two basic devices: the CCD part and the LCLV part. In the CCD section, the serial television signal is converted into the surface of an array of parallel images made up of charges having a distribution according to the array of images corresponding to the television scene in the frame at that moment. Paul Kay Weimer October 1973
No. 3,763,480, entitled "Digital and Analog Data Processing Apparatus," dated February 2, 1975, and US Patent No. 3,866,209, "Charge Transfer Display Apparatus," dated February 11, 1975. These patents describe methods for obtaining a charge on the surface of the image array described above that can be coupled to the LCLV. Basic CCD patents include:
There is U.S. Pat. television reading device
The LCLV portion is based on Derry Day Baird's U.S. Pat. "Reflective liquid crystal light valve with field effect mode". The photoconductor and external illumination reimaging inputs described in these LCLV patents are replaced with an array of CCDs. It is possible to add color to a liquid crystal display matrix arrangement, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,006,968, issued February 8, 1977, issued to Michael N. can. A three-dimensional TV according to the invention is equally suitable if the controlled light modulator image plane does not allow attenuation and retains the entire display of one field or frame for a perspective image of a single scene during the optical scanning period. It operates. Such a device is disclosed in U.S. Pat.
This is the Titus optical relay for television projection described in . It is not cost effective to use this device in the device of the invention and CCDLCLV
significantly increases volume, weight and power compared to Other solid state and tubular imaging surfaces can be used to generate image array modulated light using either reflective or transmissive devices. Liquid crystal materials are shown herein as one of these devices. The memory used to store up to N consecutive TV frames and to provide sequential scrolling of subsequent TV frames can be formed by a completely static device of random access memory (RAM). Although other types of memory may be selected, RAM currently provides the fastest access compatible with television. Proper digitization of monochrome TV images requires at least 8 bits per picture element (pixel) to give the image proper glaciation. A 0.25 million pixel TV frame requires 2 megabits of storage per frame, or 1 megabit per field.
Since the present invention uses 24 frames for a 525 mm (21 inch) diagonal image, it requires 48 megabits of memory. This value is tripled for color. The following description will discuss the monochrome case because the color case simply triples the storage circuitry and the drawings are simplified to facilitate explanation.
Table 1 is a list showing the meanings of the symbols shown in FIGS. 9, 10, and Table 2. In FIG. 9, RAM memories (i.e., odd memory chains M1 ₀ to M4 ₀ and even memory chains M
_1e to _M4e ) each contains one field of TV. The TV signal is divided into a synchronization signal, an audio signal and a video signal in a manner well known in the art. The synchronization signal provides reference timing for switch control, memory addressing, read and write commands to memory, and reference signals to the servo motor controller for the optical scanner. A delay compensation device is provided to compensate for memory delays. The video signal is converted from an analog signal to an 8-bit digital signal and is switched to an odd or even memory chain by switch _S1 according to the timing of the TV waveform. When the memory is unloaded by a read command, the sequential video signal is converted back from digital to analog, and the video signal is converted into a signal as shown in FIG. 6 by a switch controlled by a control signal sent by the timing logic. in proper odd or even sequence
It is switched to the CCD section of D ₁ to D _N , which is a CCDLCLV display device. The timing logic also provides serial clocks and parallel transfer clocks for the operation of CCDLCLV for each of the 24 displays, in accordance with the aforementioned US patents. Odd memory is written to while reading even memory, and even memory is written to while reading odd memory. The electronic sequencer's video signal selection switch can load the display from the left or right side, depending on the direction of image motion sensed by the image direction sensor shown in FIGS. In FIG. 9, only 4 of the 24 stages are shown for clarity. Table 2 shows the operating sequence of the memory of FIG. 9 for the first four television fields. For simplicity, only four fields are representatively shown. Table 1 - Legend for Figures 9, 10 and 2 M = Random Access Memory (RAM) M _1p = Memory contents of field -1 (odd) M _1e = Memory contents of field -1 (even) R = Read W = Write F = Field (if there are 2 fields per TV frame) F _1p = Field - 1 (odd) F _1e = Field - 1 (even) D _N = Number of Nth display matrix CCDLCLV targets R/W=Read/Write A=Address C=Control D/A=Digital/Analog Converter SW=Switch CCDLCLV=Charge Coupled Device Liquid Crystal Light Valve e=Even o=Odd

Table 10 shows the timing sequence for loading CCDLCLV for the first five TV frames and for eight of the twenty-four matrix displays. In another embodiment of the three-dimensional TV receiver according to the invention, a magnetic disk 63 is used instead of the all fixed memory type described above to store 24 frames. The 11th example uses a magnetic disk.
As shown in the figure. A standard 2:1 interlaced raster scan display provides 60 fields/second (30 frames/second).
Therefore, the rotational speed of the magnetic disk 63 is normally set to 3600 rpm or 1800 rpm. These disk speeds allow one
A TV field or frame can be stored during one revolution of the magnetic disk. The two most common methods of disk rotation are drive by an AC synchronous motor and a DC servo drive motor. 3D TV of the present invention
In this case, the AC synchronous motor 3 was selected because of its quiet operation. Motor 3 synchronizes the magnetic disk to the TV signal and ensures that the CCDLCLV load time is near the end of the field write period. Therefore, both the magnetic disk 63 and the optical scanner 5 are driven by the same motor 3. The basic memory of a magnetic disk recorder is obtained from the remanent magnetization properties of the disk coating material. The pattern of data recorded on the disk is established by the magnetic field created by write head 61 as current flows through its windings. Read head 62 during playback
traverses the pattern of moving data, some of the magnetic flux passes through the low reluctance path of the head,
It generates a voltage proportional to the data written across the head winding. FIG. 11 shows a simplified block diagram of a recording and reproducing disk device. N write heads 6
Only the read head 62 and display frame 2 corresponding to the four in one are shown. 2 TV fields per disk track, i.e. 1
Careful consideration of magnetic disk 63 timing based on TV frames reveals that using a single read/write head per track would result in a conflict, and for each of the required 24 tracks,
It can be seen that placing separate read and write heads 180 degrees apart on the disk is consistent. It is therefore possible to write odd fields and read even fields and vice versa.
In FIG. 11, a standard TV antenna 60 receives standard TV broadcasts. A typical TV receiver's RF and IF, video signal amplifier, sync stripper, and audio signal discriminator separate the video signal, sync signal, and audio signal, and the video signal is separated by the image direction sensor (see Figures 7 and 8). The synchronization signal is used to time the CCDLCLV array and motor, and the audio signal is used to drive a conventional loudspeaker. 24 frames display frame
The switch signal for a right-to-left or left-to-right image scanning sequence across array 2 of the CCDLCLV is sent to an electronic sequence video selection switch where 24 preprogrammed video switching sequences are selected. determine which image in the series of images should go to which modulator in array 2 of 24 display modulators. Magnetic disk 63 includes a timing track head 64, which provides a timing feedback signal to control the rotational speed of motor 3. The TV synchronization signal provides a reference for the motor rotation speed, and
Controls the basic timing circuit for providing clock timing signals for array 2 of CCDLCLV. The magnetic disk 63 and the optical scanner 5 are connected to each other and driven by a common motor 3. The optical scanner 5 is shown in a simplified manner for ease of illustration. For a detailed description of the scanner 5, see FIGS. 1, 2A, 2B and related descriptions. Sequential TV frames are written to the disk track numbers in the sequence shown in Table 3, and the TV frames of the written disk track numbers are written to N display devices from the disk in the sequence shown in Table 4. is read out.

【table】

[Table] Magnetic tapes, which, like magnetic disks, have at least one recording head, N reading heads, and suitable switch control logic can be used for three-dimensional TV.
It is possible to provide storage for the N frames required for the system and to control multiple display devices. If the transmission bandwidth is allowed to increase, the requirement for relative lateral movement between the camera and the subject can be eliminated. Simultaneous transmission of 24 channels (from 24 stationary TV cameras) can eliminate the need for relative motion described above. Another method is to transmit three channels (e.g., the first image, the 12th image, and the 24th image) and use real-time computer image processing techniques to transmit the intermediate images that were not transmitted (to the receiver). ). According to these two methods, it is possible to realize lip-synchronized three-dimensional TV with a stationary subject relative to the TV camera. The disadvantage in that case, of course, is that the transmission bandwidth increases.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a three-dimensional television apparatus. FIG. 2A is a partially sectional side elevational view of an optical scanner in selected embodiments of the invention. FIG. 2B is a partial plan view of an optical scanner according to one embodiment of the present invention, while also showing the cross-sectional boundaries shown in the side elevation view of FIG. 2A. FIG. 3A is a simplified plan view showing the optical arrangement of the optical scanner and screen of a three-dimensional television receiver according to the present invention. FIG. 3B is a simplified plan view of an alternative screen arrangement for use in the optical scanner of FIG. 3A. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the projection arrangement used in the present invention to determine the number of television frames to be stored. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the arrangement of projections used to determine the maximum dimension of the screen element in the present invention. FIG. 6 shows the storage of a TV video signal on a CCD for one of the 24 image arrays corresponding to each television frame in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram showing the timing of parallel transfer from CCD to LCLV and scanning of LCLV by an optical scanner. It is a timing waveform diagram. FIG. 7 is a drawing showing the arrangement of the motion direction sensors, and shows the matching situation for rightward motion. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the arrangement of five motion direction sensors in the storage medium of a television frame. FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of the N frame memory and sequence selection apparatus of FIG. 1, including a solid state memory for determining the sequence of the television field by N display matrix targets. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the timing sequence for loading the CCD for display.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating another method of obtaining 24 frame memories using magnetic disk technology. (Explanation of symbols), 1... antenna, 2...
120° arc-shaped radial array of CCDLCLV, 3...Synchronous motor, 4...Fixed projection lamp, 5...Scanner, 6...Condensing lens assembly, 7...Mirror, 8
...Polarizer, 9...Array of N roof mirrors,
10... Analyzer and projection lens assembly, 11
...Aspherical reflector, 12...Screen, 13
... Vertical space exit slit, 14 ... Image observation window,
30... Batsuful, 32, 33... Condensing lens,
37... Analyzer, 38... Projection lens, 51,5
1'... Vertical screen segment.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for stereoscopic reproduction of a standard television signal, which provides relative lateral movement between a television camera and a subject to form a number of sequential television frames or fields. , storing said plurality of successive television frames or fields in an array 2 of image storage locations; scanning said image array with a rotating scanning projector 5 to 11 having at least one identical emitting surface unit; , during the scanning of any single projection surface unit of said scanning projector 5 to 11, the entirety of one television frame or field is placed in any of the image storage locations in said array 2 of image storage locations. during a period between successive scans performed by the projection surface units of the scanning projectors 5 to 11;
advancing all images in said array 2 of image storage locations to the next sequential television frame or field; sequentially moving said image arrays in said array 2 of image storage locations onto a semi-mirror screen 12; and the positions of the scanning projectors 5 to 11 during the projection period are successively moved along the arc of one projection circle 50, and the semi-mirror screen 12 has a curved shape; The radius of curvature is larger than the radius of the projection circle 50, and the semi-mirror screen 12 scatters the incident light from the scanning projectors 5 to 11 in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction reflecting the reflected light and scattered light from the semi-specular screen 12 along a tangent 1 essentially tangent to the projection circle 50;
4-O-S, moving the intersecting light along the tangential line 14-O-S, and continuous scanning performed by the projection surface units of the scanning projectors 5 to 11. A method for stereoscopically reproducing a standard television signal, which includes setting the time interval between the signals within the visual afterimage period of a viewer. 2. Claim 1 further comprising sensing the direction of the relative lateral movement between the television camera and the subject to provide proper ordering of television frames or fields for the image array. A method for stereoscopically reproducing a standard television signal as described in 2. 3 A device for displaying a three-dimensional television image of a subject to a viewer positioned in front of a screen for viewing television images, which generates video signals to be stored in a large number of television frame storage locations. a generating device; at least one image forming storage device for forming an image of a subject corresponding to each of said television frames and storing said image in a number of image storage locations 2 for storing an image array; a scanning projector 5-11 having two identical projection surface units, timing a synchronous motor 3 coupled to said scanning projector 5-11, and arranging said images in sequence in said image storage location 2; a synchronization signal extraction device for extracting a synchronization signal for synchronization when performing a timing adjustment from the video signal; an image direction sensor for maintaining a three-dimensional image display of a subject (FIGS. 7 and 8); a fixed lamp 4 for sequentially illuminating the image storage location 2 through an optical element 6, 7 mounted on each of the projection surface units of the scanning projectors 5-11; projection optical elements 9 to 11 for projecting the image placed thereon and stored in the image storage location 2 onto a stationary semi-mirror observation screen 12; Space exit slit 13 that moves the projected light laterally
said stationary half-mirror configured to send back toward