JPH0345857B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0345857B2 JPH0345857B2 JP15171481A JP15171481A JPH0345857B2 JP H0345857 B2 JPH0345857 B2 JP H0345857B2 JP 15171481 A JP15171481 A JP 15171481A JP 15171481 A JP15171481 A JP 15171481A JP H0345857 B2 JPH0345857 B2 JP H0345857B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- collector
- outer periphery
- slow wave
- wave circuit
- traveling wave
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Beryllium oxide Chemical compound O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000828 alnico Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000938 samarium–cobalt magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/027—Collectors
Landscapes
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明はコレクタの電位を遅波回路の直流電位
より低電位で動作させる電位低下形コレクタを有
する進行波管の改良に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improvement in a traveling wave tube having a potential reducing type collector that operates at a collector potential lower than the DC potential of a slow wave circuit.
進行波管において、コレクタの電位を遅波回路
の直流電位より下げて動作させることにより総合
能率を向上させることが出来ることはよく知られ
ていることであり、この動作方法はコレクタでの
発熱量も減少することもあつてよく行なわれてい
ることである。この場合、コレクタは遅波回路と
電気的に絶縁する必要がある。さらに金属性真空
外囲器を有する進行波管の場合は、金属性真空外
囲器は遅波回路の直流電位と同電位となり、進行
波管の管球を収納するケースが金属性の場合は、
ケースも遅波回路の直流電位になるため、コレク
タとケース間も電気的に絶縁する必要がある。 It is well known that in traveling wave tubes, the overall efficiency can be improved by operating the collector potential lower than the DC potential of the slow wave circuit, and this operating method reduces the amount of heat generated in the collector. This is a common practice. In this case, the collector needs to be electrically isolated from the slow wave circuit. Furthermore, in the case of a traveling wave tube that has a metallic vacuum envelope, the metallic vacuum envelope has the same potential as the DC potential of the slow wave circuit, and if the case that houses the traveling wave tube's bulb is metallic, ,
Since the case is also at the DC potential of the slow wave circuit, it is necessary to electrically insulate the collector and case as well.
第１図ａは従来形の進行波管で遅波回路として
螺施を用い、電子ビーム集束磁界として周期磁界
装置を有する進行波管を金属製ケースに収納した
ものを示しており、第１図ｂは同図ａのＡ−Ａ断
面図を示す。第１図ａ，ｂにおいて、電子銃１に
よつて電子ビーム２が発生され、この電子ビーム
２は周期磁界装置３によつて集束され、遅波回路
４を経てコレクタ５に導かれる。６はコレクタ５
と金属製真空外囲器７を電気的に絶縁するセラミ
ツク環である。増幅されるべきマイクロ波は、入
力線８から遅波回路４に導かれ電子ビームとの相
互作用により増幅されて出力線９から取り出され
る。コレクタ５には放熱体１０に接続されたリー
ド線（図示せず）によつて直流電位か与えられ
る。ケース１１は金属製真空外囲器７を有する進
行波管の場合は遅波回路４の直流電位と同電位と
なり、同時に接地点となる。このため、コレクタ
５を遅波回路４の直流電位より低電位で動作させ
るためには、コレクタ５とケース１１は電気的に
絶縁する必要がある。この働きをしているのが平
板状の絶縁体１２であり金属性放熱体１０と放熱
台１３の間を絶縁している。絶縁体１１としては
通常ベリリア磁器やアルミナ磁器の熱伝導の良い
絶縁材料が選ばれ、コレクタ５には非磁性体で熱
伝導率が高い銅が用いられ、能率を向上させるた
めには、電子ビームを捕捉するコレクタ５の構造
をフアラデイケージ形（コレクタ内径d2をコレク
タ入口内径d1より大きくしてコレクタ内を無電界
にしたもの）にするのが一般的である。電子ビー
ム２はコレクタ５に捕捉される時、高速度でコレ
クタ５に衝突するためにコレクタ５から２次電子
２１が放出されるがコレクタ５から放出される２
次電子２１は、セラミツク環６によりコレクタ５
から絶縁され、コレクタ５の電位より高位が印加
されている遅波回路に、いわゆる戻り電子となつ
て加速されて突入する。その結果遅波回路電流の
増加となり、更には遅波回路の加熱による真空度
の劣化、イオン雑音の増加など、進行波管の諸特
性及び信頼性の劣化を招く結果となる。コレクタ
電圧と遅波回路電圧の電位差が大きければ、戻り
電子の量も増加するので、コレクタ電位低下量、
即ち進行波管の能率は制限されてしまう。 Figure 1a shows a conventional traveling wave tube that uses screws as a slow wave circuit and has a periodic magnetic field device as an electron beam focusing magnetic field, and is housed in a metal case. b shows a sectional view taken along line A-A in figure a. In FIGS. 1a and 1b, an electron beam 2 is generated by an electron gun 1, which is focused by a periodic magnetic field device 3 and guided to a collector 5 via a slow wave circuit 4. 6 is collector 5
This is a ceramic ring that electrically insulates the vacuum envelope 7 and the metal vacuum envelope 7. The microwave to be amplified is guided from the input line 8 to the slow wave circuit 4, amplified by interaction with the electron beam, and taken out from the output line 9. A DC potential is applied to the collector 5 through a lead wire (not shown) connected to the heat sink 10. In the case of a traveling wave tube having a metal vacuum envelope 7, the case 11 has the same potential as the DC potential of the slow wave circuit 4, and at the same time serves as a grounding point. Therefore, in order to operate the collector 5 at a lower potential than the DC potential of the slow wave circuit 4, the collector 5 and the case 11 need to be electrically insulated. A flat insulator 12 performs this function, and insulates between the metal heat sink 10 and the heat sink 13. For the insulator 11, an insulating material with good thermal conductivity such as beryllia porcelain or alumina porcelain is usually selected, and for the collector 5, copper, which is a non-magnetic material and has high thermal conductivity, is used. Generally, the structure of the collector 5 that captures the energy is a Faraday cage type (the inner diameter d2 of the collector is larger than the inner diameter d1 of the collector inlet, so that there is no electric field inside the collector). When the electron beam 2 is captured by the collector 5, secondary electrons 21 are emitted from the collector 5 because they collide with the collector 5 at a high velocity.
The secondary electron 21 is transferred to the collector 5 by the ceramic ring 6.
The electrons become accelerated and rush into the slow wave circuit, which is insulated from the collector 5 and to which a higher potential than the collector 5 is applied, as so-called return electrons. As a result, the slow wave circuit current increases, and furthermore, the degree of vacuum deteriorates due to heating of the slow wave circuit, and ion noise increases, resulting in deterioration of various characteristics and reliability of the traveling wave tube. If the potential difference between the collector voltage and the slow wave circuit voltage is large, the amount of return electrons will also increase, so the amount of collector potential drop,
That is, the efficiency of the traveling wave tube is limited.
上述の２次電子の逆行を防止するためには、従
来よりコレクタ５の近傍に電子ビーム２に軸非対
称な磁界を附与させてやればよいことが知られて
おり、その一例として放熱体表面の一部に電子偏
向用磁石１４が配設されていた。しかしながらこ
のような構造においては、コレクタ５をフアラー
デイケージ形としコレクタ内径d2とコレクタ入口
内径d1の比を大きくしようとすると結果的にはコ
レクタ内径d2を大きくする必要がありコレクタが
大形化し、電子偏向用磁石１４がコレクタ５の中
心部より遠ざかりコレクタ５への軸比対称の磁界
を印加しにくい欠点があつた。 In order to prevent the above-mentioned backward movement of the secondary electrons, it has been known that an axially asymmetrical magnetic field can be applied to the electron beam 2 near the collector 5. An electron deflection magnet 14 was disposed in a part of the area. However, in such a structure, if the collector 5 is made into a farer day cage type and the ratio between the collector inner diameter d 2 and the collector inlet inner diameter d 1 is increased, it is necessary to increase the collector inner diameter d 2 and the collector becomes larger. Due to the large size, the electron deflecting magnet 14 is distanced from the center of the collector 5, which makes it difficult to apply an axially symmetrical magnetic field to the collector 5.
又大電力進行波管においてはコレクタ５の発生
熱量が増加し、コレクタ５の表面積をコレクタ５
で消費される電力に応じて大きくする必要があ
り、コレクタ５が大形化し、前記に述べた通りコ
レクタ５への軸非対称の磁界を印加しにくので遅
波回路４への戻り電子が大きくなり総合能率を、
大幅に改善出来ない欠点があつた。 In addition, in a high-power traveling wave tube, the amount of heat generated by the collector 5 increases, and the surface area of the collector 5 increases.
It is necessary to increase the size according to the power consumed by the collector 5, and as mentioned above, it is difficult to apply an axially asymmetrical magnetic field to the collector 5, so the return electrons to the slow wave circuit 4 are large. The total efficiency becomes
There were some shortcomings that could not be improved significantly.
本発明はこのような欠点を除去し、コレクタへ
の軸非対称磁界の印加を容易とし、遅波回路への
戻り電子を抑制し、高能率の大電力進行波管やイ
オン雑音などが少ない高信頼度の進行波管を提供
することにある。 The present invention eliminates these drawbacks, makes it easy to apply an axially asymmetrical magnetic field to the collector, suppresses return electrons to the slow wave circuit, and provides a highly efficient, high-power traveling wave tube with little ionic noise and high reliability. The objective is to provide a traveling wave tube with a high degree of accuracy.
本発明は、遅波回路の電位より低い電位が加え
られるコレクタと電子銃と遅波回路を内包する金
属製真空外囲器とを有する進行波管において、コ
レクタの外周部に長手軸方向に２ヶ所のすり割を
設け、そのすり割り部に鉄又はニツケルなどから
なる磁極片をコレクタ内外周部に突出するように
ロー付などにより固着封止し、コレクタの外周半
面には半円筒状のセラミツク部品を配設し、対抗
する他の外周半面には円周方向に磁化された半円
筒状の永久磁石をコレクタ外周部に突出した磁極
片に密着して配設したことを特徴とする。 The present invention provides a traveling wave tube having a collector to which a potential lower than that of a slow wave circuit is applied, a metal vacuum envelope containing an electron gun, and a slow wave circuit, in which two Slots are provided at several locations, and magnetic pole pieces made of iron or nickel are firmly sealed in the slots using brazing or other means so that they protrude from the inner and outer peripheries of the collector, and semi-cylindrical ceramic pieces are placed on half of the outer periphery of the collector. A semi-cylindrical permanent magnet magnetized in the circumferential direction is disposed in close contact with a magnetic pole piece protruding from the outer periphery of the collector on the other half of the outer periphery facing the parts.
つぎに図面を参照して本発明を詳細に説明す
る。第２図ａ，ｂは本発明の一実施例である。図
において、コレクタ５は非磁性（例えば銅）から
なりコレクタ５の外側面の一部に電子ビーム軸方
向に平行に２ヶ所のすり割りを入れ、すり割り部
には鉄又はニツケルからなる磁極片１５，１６が
ロー付により固着封止されている。コレクタ５の
外周部の半面には半円筒状のセラミツク部品１７
が配設され、放熱台１２の上に樹脂などにより固
着される。コレクタ５は円筒セラミツク環６及び
セラミツク部品１７により電気的に絶縁されると
共に、コレクタ６で発生する熱はセラミツク部品
１７、放熱台１２の伝熱経路としてケース１０へ
伝達されさらにケースに取り付けられる放熱翼
（図示せず）より放散される。コレクタ５の外出
部の対向する上半面には半円筒状の永久磁石１８
が磁極片１５，１６に密着するように配設され、
コレクタ５の中央部には磁界が形成される。すな
わち、永久磁石１８は円周方向磁化されており磁
極片１５，１６が各々Ｓ極、Ｎ極となり１９のよ
うな磁力線（磁界）がコレクタ５の中央部に形成
される。永久磁石１８には高エネルギー積を有す
るサマリウムコバルト系磁石又は温度特性がよい
アルニコ系磁石が適している。１９の磁界強度は
永久磁石１８の厚さと長さ及び磁極片１５，１６
のコレクタ５内での突出部長さに比例しこれらの
寸法の調整により広範囲に可変出来る。また、磁
石材料を変えることによつても磁界強度を調整出
来る。 Next, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 2a and 2b show an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the collector 5 is made of non-magnetic material (e.g. copper), and two slots are made in a part of the outer surface of the collector 5 parallel to the electron beam axis direction, and the slots have magnetic pole pieces made of iron or nickel. 15 and 16 are fixedly sealed by brazing. A semi-cylindrical ceramic part 17 is formed on one half of the outer periphery of the collector 5.
is arranged and fixed on the heat radiation stand 12 with resin or the like. The collector 5 is electrically insulated by the cylindrical ceramic ring 6 and the ceramic component 17, and the heat generated in the collector 6 is transmitted to the case 10 as a heat transfer path through the ceramic component 17 and the heat sink 12, and is further transferred to the case 10 for heat dissipation attached to the case. Dissipated from wings (not shown). A semi-cylindrical permanent magnet 18 is placed on the opposing upper half of the outer part of the collector 5.
are arranged so as to be in close contact with the magnetic pole pieces 15 and 16,
A magnetic field is formed in the center of the collector 5. That is, the permanent magnet 18 is magnetized in the circumferential direction, and the magnetic pole pieces 15 and 16 become S and N poles, respectively, and magnetic lines of force (magnetic field) like 19 are formed in the center of the collector 5. As the permanent magnet 18, a samarium cobalt magnet having a high energy product or an alnico magnet having good temperature characteristics is suitable. The magnetic field strength of 19 depends on the thickness and length of the permanent magnet 18 and the magnetic pole pieces 15 and 16.
These dimensions can be varied over a wide range in proportion to the length of the protrusion within the collector 5. The magnetic field strength can also be adjusted by changing the magnet material.
このような構造においてはコレクタ入口内径d1
とコレクタ内径d2の比（d2／d1）を十分に大きく
することが出来てコレクタ構造を理想的なフアラ
デイケージ形に形成することが出来てコレクタ部
への印加磁界の効果も加わつてコレクタ部からの
戻り電子が少なくイオン雑音などが少ない高信頼
度の進行波管を得ることが出来る。又コレクタ部
の外径を大きくしてコレクタを大形化しても、コ
レクタ内部に磁極片を突出させることにより、コ
レクタ部への所要磁界を容易に得ることが可能で
あり、コレクタ内部に電子ビームが衝突した場合
の戻り電子を抑制出来て、しかもコレクタ表面積
の増加によりコレクタからの熱放散が容易となり
コレクタの許容電力を増大させることが可能であ
り大電力の進行波管を得ることが出来る。尚第２
図ａ，ｂにおいては、磁極片１５，１６の形状は
板状であるがかならずしも板状にする必要はな
く、コレクタ内部に切一な磁界分布を得る必要が
ある場合磁極片１５，１６を第３図に示すように
Ｔ字形にすることが出来る。 In such a structure, the collector inlet inner diameter d 1
The ratio (d 2 /d 1 ) of the collector inner diameter d 2 and the collector inner diameter d 2 can be made sufficiently large, and the collector structure can be formed into an ideal Faraday cage shape. It is possible to obtain a highly reliable traveling wave tube with less electrons returned from the tube and less ion noise. Furthermore, even if the collector is made larger by increasing the outer diameter of the collector, by protruding the magnetic pole piece inside the collector, it is possible to easily obtain the required magnetic field to the collector, and the electron beam inside the collector can be easily obtained. Return electrons can be suppressed when collisions occur, and the increase in collector surface area facilitates heat dissipation from the collector, making it possible to increase the allowable power of the collector, making it possible to obtain a traveling wave tube with high power. Furthermore, the second
In Figures a and b, the magnetic pole pieces 15 and 16 are plate-shaped, but they do not necessarily have to be plate-shaped, and if it is necessary to obtain a uniform magnetic field distribution inside the collector, the magnetic pole pieces 15 and 16 are It can be made into a T-shape as shown in Figure 3.
第１図ａ，ｂはそれぞれ従来形の金属性外囲器
を有する進行波管の軸断面図及びＡ−Ａ断面図、
第２図ａ，ｂはそれぞれ本発明の一実施例を示す
要部軸断面図及びＢ−Ｂ断面図、第３図は第２図
ａ，ｂの磁極片１５，１６の他の実施例の斜視図
である。
１……電子銃、２……電子ビーム、３……周期
磁界装置、４……遅波回路、５……コレクタ、６
……セラミツク環、７……金属性真空外囲器、８
……入力線、９……出力線、１０……放熱体、１
１……ケース、１２……平板状の絶縁体、１３…
…放熱台、１４……電子偏向用磁石、１５，１６
……磁極片、１７……半円筒状のセラミツク部
品、１８……半円筒状の永久磁石、１９……半円
筒状の永久磁石から発生する磁界、２１……戻り
電子。
FIGS. 1a and 1b are an axial sectional view and an A-A sectional view of a conventional traveling wave tube having a metal envelope, respectively;
FIGS. 2a and 2b are an axial sectional view and a BB sectional view of essential parts showing one embodiment of the present invention, respectively, and FIG. FIG. 1... Electron gun, 2... Electron beam, 3... Periodic magnetic field device, 4... Slow wave circuit, 5... Collector, 6
... Ceramic ring, 7 ... Metallic vacuum envelope, 8
...Input line, 9...Output line, 10...Heat sink, 1
1... Case, 12... Flat insulator, 13...
... Heat sink, 14 ... Electron deflection magnet, 15, 16
... Magnetic pole piece, 17 ... Semi-cylindrical ceramic part, 18 ... Semi-cylindrical permanent magnet, 19 ... Magnetic field generated from the semi-cylindrical permanent magnet, 21 ... Return electron.
Claims (1)
レクタと電子銃と遅波回路を内包する金属製真空
外囲器とを有する進行波管において、前記コレク
タの外周部に長手軸方向に２ヶ所のすり割を設
け、そのすり割り部に鉄又はニツケルなどからな
る磁極片をコレクタ内外周部に突出するようにロ
ー付などにより固着封止し、コレクタの外周半面
には半円筒状のセラミツク部品を配設し、対抗す
る他の外周半面には円周方向に磁化された半円筒
状の永久磁石をコレクタ外周部に突出した磁極片
に密着して配設したことを特徴とする進行波管。1. In a traveling wave tube having a collector to which a potential lower than that of the slow wave circuit is applied, and a metal vacuum envelope containing an electron gun and the slow wave circuit, there are two holes on the outer periphery of the collector in the longitudinal axis direction. A slot is provided, and a magnetic pole piece made of iron or nickel is fixedly sealed in the slot by brazing so that it protrudes to the inner and outer periphery of the collector, and a semi-cylindrical ceramic part is attached to the outer half of the collector. A traveling wave tube characterized in that a semi-cylindrical permanent magnet magnetized in the circumferential direction is disposed in close contact with a magnetic pole piece protruding from the outer periphery of the collector on the other half surface of the opposite outer periphery.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15171481A JPS5853135A (en) | 1981-09-25 | 1981-09-25 | Traveling-wave tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15171481A JPS5853135A (en) | 1981-09-25 | 1981-09-25 | Traveling-wave tube |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5853135A JPS5853135A (en) | 1983-03-29 |
| JPH0345857B2 true JPH0345857B2 (en) | 1991-07-12 |
Family
ID=15524666
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15171481A Granted JPS5853135A (en) | 1981-09-25 | 1981-09-25 | Traveling-wave tube |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5853135A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0760640B2 (en) * | 1986-07-30 | 1995-06-28 | 日本電気株式会社 | Microwave tube |
| JPH0173746U (en) * | 1987-11-06 | 1989-05-18 | ||
| JPH0173745U (en) * | 1987-11-06 | 1989-05-18 |
-
1981
- 1981-09-25 JP JP15171481A patent/JPS5853135A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5853135A (en) | 1983-03-29 |
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