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JPH0348831B2 - - Google Patents
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JPH0348831B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0348831B2
JPH0348831B2 JP59054629A JP5462984A JPH0348831B2 JP H0348831 B2 JPH0348831 B2 JP H0348831B2 JP 59054629 A JP59054629 A JP 59054629A JP 5462984 A JP5462984 A JP 5462984A JP H0348831 B2 JPH0348831 B2 JP H0348831B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
activated carbon
weight
specific surface
surface area
fiber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP59054629A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS60198166A (en
Inventor
Nobuo Ishizaki
Hiroshi Shimizu
Masuo Kido
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyobo Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Toyobo Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyobo Co Ltd filed Critical Toyobo Co Ltd
Priority to JP59054629A priority Critical patent/JPS60198166A/en
Publication of JPS60198166A publication Critical patent/JPS60198166A/en
Publication of JPH0348831B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0348831B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、原子炉流出ガスからの放射性沃素、
特にヨウ化メチル−131(CH3I131)に対する呼吸
器保護具用カートリツジに関するものである。 放射性沃素は人体の甲状腺に蓄積され、発がん
性の大なる物質であるので原子炉施設に浮遊せる
極微量の放射性沃素でさえ人体の呼吸器管からの
吸収は最大限に防護されねばならない。 従来、原子炉施設等から放出される排ガス中に
含有されている元素状沃素は、ヤシガラ系あるい
は石炭系の粒状活性炭により除去されている。し
かし、元素状ヨウ素が有機性化合物、特にヨウ化
メチル等のヨウ化アルキルに変化した場合、粒状
活性炭そのものでは除去効率は低く、該活性炭に
ヨウ化カリウム、トリヨウ化カリウム、元素状沃
素、ヨウ化第2すず、ヨウ化アルミニウム、モル
フオリン、ピペリジン、ピペラジン等の放射性ヨ
ウ化メチルと反応する物質を添着する方法が試み
られている。 しかしながら、粒状活性炭へのこれらの添着剤
の添着量は高々5重量%であり、該添着剤のヨウ
化メチル除去能改良効果に限界があつた。 一方、呼吸保護具用カートリツジの成型は粒状
活性炭を金属製の円形カートリツジに充填するこ
とにより作製される。その際活性炭粒子間のすき
間より被処理ガスのリークを避けるよう均一に活
性炭粒子をカートリツジ内に充填するためにはカ
ートリツジの通気開孔率は50%以下にする必要が
あり、必然的にヨウ化メチルガスに対する除去効
率の低下は避け得なかつた。 除去効率を高めるため、活性炭の粒径を小さく
することあるいはカートリツジの厚みを増大さす
ことが考えられるが、通気抵抗が高くなりすぎた
り、重量が大きくなりすぎカートリツジの操作性
および取り扱いが困難になるという問題が生じ
る。 しかして本発明者等は、繊維状活性炭を用いて
コンパクトで放射性沃素に対して除去効率が高
く、着用感の優れた呼吸保護具用マスク・カート
リツジを得る手段について鋭意研究した結果、下
記のような構造を有するカートリツジが特別にす
ぐれていることを見い出し本発明に到達した。 即ち、本発明は1,4−ジアザビシクロ〔2,
2,2〕オクタンあるいはその誘導体を5重量%
以上添着した比表面積1000m2/g以上の繊維状活
性炭からなる不織布が通気開孔率60%以上の容器
に充填されてなる呼吸具吸収缶である。 本発明に用いる繊維状活性炭は1,4−ジアザ
ビシクロ〔2,2,2〕オクタンを添着した後の
BET法比表面積が1000m2/g以上であることが
必要である。即ち、添着後の比表面積が1000m2
g未満の場合は、ヨウ化メチル分子との反応速度
が低下し、本発明の効果が発揮されない。即ち、
そのためには添着前の繊維状活性炭の比表面積は
おおよそ1400m2/g以上という従来の粒状炭では
考えられない高比表面積を有することが必要であ
る。 なお、比表面積は常圧下の液体窒素の沸点(−
195.8℃)における吸着側の窒素ガス吸着等温線
を用いてBET法の計算法(慶伊富長「吸着」共
立出版)により求めた。 上記繊維状活性炭は、特に下記2点に注意する
ことによつて製造される。 (1) 灰分含有率の低い精製された原料繊維を使用
すること。 (2) 賦活処理は、水蒸気含有率10容量%以上の活
性ガス雰囲気下で入念に行うこと。 上記(1)の灰分含有率の低い精製された原料繊維
を使用することは、収率よく、高強度の繊維状活
性炭を得る上にぜひ必要なことであり、具体的に
は、再生セルロース繊維、硬化フエノール樹脂繊
維、ポリアクリロニトリル繊維等が例挙される。 該原料は、再生セルロース繊維の場合には、燐
酸のアンモニウム塩のような難燃剤を含浸後、又
ポリアクリロニトリル繊維の場合には、空気中で
200〜300℃で充分耐炎化処理後、フエノール樹脂
繊維の場合にはそのまま不活性ガス雰囲気下で
600〜900℃に加熱することによつて炭化する。 得られた炭化物を上記(2)の賦活処理に付する
が、該賦活処理は、該炭化物を水蒸気含有率10容
量%以上の活性ガス雰囲気下において850〜950℃
で加熱処理する。処理時間は、処理温度、水蒸気
濃度、被処理物の形態等により変動するため、画
一的には決められないが、賦活収率が50〜15%に
なるよう長時間活性化処理する。もちろん、この
賦活処理を2度以上に分割して行つてもよい。 本発明に係る活性炭素繊維は不織布状で使用す
ることが必要である。活性炭素繊維としては通気
抵抗の点からその繊維径が5〜50μm、特に25〜
40μmのものを使用することが好ましい。 又本発明に用いる添着剤は1,4−ジアザビシ
クロ〔2,2,2〕オクタン又はそのC−アルキ
ル誘導体(2メチル、2エチル、2プロピル)を
用いることが必要である。 かかる添着剤は高求核性の環状アミンであり、
ヨウ化メチルとの反応速度が従来使用されてきた
ヨウ化カリウム(KI3)に比べて著しく大である
こと、繊維状活性炭に容易に添着されること、及
び蒸気圧が低いこと等の特色を有するものであ
る。 該添着剤の添着量は、5重量%以上であること
が必要である。即ち、5重量%未満では、本発明
の高比表面積繊維状活性炭との添着効果の相乗作
用が小さく、本発明の効果が発揮されない。又、
30重量%以上とあまり多く添着させると添着後の
比表面積が1000m2/g以下になり、かかる場合も
本発明の効果を奏せず好ましくない。 かかる添着剤の添着法は、添着剤の溶液に該繊
維状活性炭を浸漬、乾燥する、あるいは添着剤溶
液を噴霧して、溶液を附着させた後乾燥する方法
等がある。 又、本発明に係る添着剤とともにヨウ化カリウ
ム、トリヨウ化カリウム、ヨウ素、臭素、硝酸銀
等の他の添着剤を併用してもよい。 上記添着繊維状活性炭は、フエルト状で、通気
開孔率が60%以上の円形のマスク・カートリツジ
容器内に充てんされる。充填密度が0.06g/c.c.〜
0.10g/c.c.になるよう充填されるのが好ましい。 本発明の放射性沃素除去用マスク・カートリツ
ジは、吸着速度の大きい高比表面積の繊維状活性
炭に、ヨウ化メチルに対して反応速度の大なる添
着剤を多量に添着後、開孔率の大なるカートリツ
ジに、効率よく充填しているため、抜群のヨウ化
メチル除去効率を有し、しかも呼吸気抵抗を低下
せしめ、軽量であるため着用感にすぐれ、長時間
の着用が可能であるという大きな特徴を有するも
のである。 次に実施例について本発明を更に詳細に説明す
る。 実施例 1 繊維長38mm、繊維径30デニールの再生セルロー
ス繊維をフエルト化後、10重量%の燐酸アンモニ
ウム水溶液を含浸し、300℃で耐炎化処理後、窒
素ガス気流下において、850℃まで2時間を要し
て昇温、炭化した。その後、水蒸気を20容量%含
有する窒素気流中において850℃で4時間活性化
処理を施し、繊維径30μm、BET法比表面積が
1500m2/g、目付200g/m2、厚み4mmのフエル
ト状にされた繊維状活性炭を得た。また比較例と
して、上記実施例の製造条件のうち活性化処理を
1時間とした場合(比較例1)の繊維径35μm、
BET法比表面積が1000m2/g、目付300m2/g、
厚み6mmのフエルト状活性炭を得た。 該フエルト状活性炭を5重量%の1,4−ジア
ザビシクロ〔2,2,2〕オクタン水溶液に浸
漬、脱水、乾燥することにより、該添着剤を8重
量%添着させた。 該添着フエルトを、直径75mmφ、厚み15mm、通
気開孔率70%のポリプロピレン製容器に充填密度
0.10g/c.c.になるよう充填して、呼吸具吸収缶を
得た。 該吸収缶を、内径76mmφのガラス管カラムに装
填し、沃化メチル含有濃度9ppm、相対湿度83%
の空気を30/minで流し、除去率の時間変化を
求めた結果を表−1に示す。 比較例 2,3 実施例1のフエルト状活性炭に1,4ジアザビ
シクロ〔2,2,2〕オクタンの添着量を30重量
%および1重量%にしたときの結果を表−1に示
す。 比較例 4 実施例1の添着フエルトを直径75mmφ、厚み15
mm、開孔率が40%のブリキ製容器に充填後、性能
評価をおこなつた。 実施例 2 繊維径10デニール、繊維長10mmの不溶融化され
たノボラツク型フエノール樹脂繊維を不織布に成
型後500℃で3時間窒素ガス雰囲気下において炭
化処理を施し、不織布状の炭素繊維を得た(収率
65%)。 次いで該炭素繊維フエルトを、水蒸気を20容量
%含有した窒素ガス雰囲気下において900℃で5
時間賦活処理を施し、繊維径28μm、目付け100
g/m2、厚み2mm、BET法比表面積が1700m2
gの不織布状活性炭を得た。 該活性炭を実施例1と同様に、1,4ジアザビ
シクロ〔2,2,2〕オクタンを15重量%添着後
(比表面積1200m2/g)、直径75mmφ、厚み10mm、
開孔率70%のポリプロピレン製容器に充填密度
0.10g/c.c.になるよう充填後、実施例1と同じ条
件、ヨウ化メチルガス除去能を評価した。 比較例 5 1,4ジアザビシクロ〔2,2,2〕オクタン
を4重量%添着された8〜14メツシユのヤシガラ
活性炭(BET法比表面積900m2/g)を直径75mm
φ、厚み10mm、開孔率40%のブリキ製容器に充填
密度0.5g/c.c.になるよう充填後、実施例1と同
様に評価した。 【表】
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides radioactive iodine from nuclear reactor effluent gas,
In particular, it relates to cartridges for respiratory protection against methyl iodide-131 (CH 3 I 131 ). Radioactive iodine accumulates in the human thyroid gland and is a major carcinogen, so even minute amounts of radioactive iodine floating in nuclear reactor facilities must be protected to the utmost from absorption through the human respiratory tract. Conventionally, elemental iodine contained in exhaust gas emitted from nuclear reactor facilities and the like has been removed using coconut shell-based or coal-based granular activated carbon. However, when elemental iodine changes into organic compounds, especially alkyl iodides such as methyl iodide, removal efficiency is low with granular activated carbon itself, Attempts have been made to impregnate a substance that reacts with radioactive methyl iodide, such as stannic tin, aluminum iodide, morpholine, piperidine, and piperazine. However, the amount of these impregnants impregnated onto granular activated carbon is at most 5% by weight, and there is a limit to the effect of the impregnants on improving the methyl iodide removal ability. On the other hand, a cartridge for a respiratory protector is molded by filling a circular metal cartridge with granular activated carbon. At this time, in order to uniformly fill the cartridge with activated carbon particles to avoid leakage of the gas to be treated from the gaps between the activated carbon particles, the ventilation porosity of the cartridge must be 50% or less, and the iodine A decrease in removal efficiency for methyl gas was unavoidable. In order to increase the removal efficiency, reducing the particle size of the activated carbon or increasing the thickness of the cartridge can be considered, but this would result in too high ventilation resistance or too much weight, making the cartridge difficult to maneuver and handle. A problem arises. The inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive research into methods for obtaining a respirator cartridge using fibrous activated carbon that is compact, has high removal efficiency for radioactive iodine, and is comfortable to wear. The inventors have discovered that a cartridge having a unique structure is particularly superior, and have arrived at the present invention. That is, the present invention provides 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,
2,2] 5% by weight of octane or its derivatives
This absorbent respirator is made by filling a container with a ventilation porosity of 60% or more with the above-described nonwoven fabric made of fibrous activated carbon having a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 /g or more. The fibrous activated carbon used in the present invention is obtained after impregnating with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane.
It is necessary that the BET specific surface area is 1000 m 2 /g or more. That is, the specific surface area after impregnation is 1000m 2 /
If the amount is less than 1 g, the reaction rate with methyl iodide molecules will decrease, and the effects of the present invention will not be exhibited. That is,
For this purpose, the fibrous activated carbon must have a specific surface area of approximately 1400 m 2 /g or more before impregnation, which is unimaginable for conventional granular carbon. Note that the specific surface area is the boiling point of liquid nitrogen under normal pressure (-
It was calculated using the BET method calculation method (Kei Tominaga "Adsorption" Kyoritsu Shuppan) using the nitrogen gas adsorption isotherm on the adsorption side at 195.8℃). The above-mentioned fibrous activated carbon is produced by paying particular attention to the following two points. (1) Use refined raw material fiber with low ash content. (2) Activation treatment must be carefully performed in an active gas atmosphere with a water vapor content of 10% by volume or more. The use of purified raw material fiber with a low ash content in (1) above is absolutely necessary to obtain high-yield, high-strength fibrous activated carbon. Specifically, regenerated cellulose fiber , cured phenolic resin fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, etc. The raw material is prepared after impregnation with a flame retardant such as ammonium salts of phosphoric acid in the case of regenerated cellulose fibers or in air in the case of polyacrylonitrile fibers.
After sufficient flame-retardant treatment at 200 to 300℃, in the case of phenolic resin fibers, leave it as is under an inert gas atmosphere.
Carbonize by heating to 600-900°C. The obtained carbide is subjected to the activation treatment described in (2) above, and the activation treatment involves heating the carbide at 850 to 950°C in an active gas atmosphere with a water vapor content of 10% by volume or more.
heat-treated. Although the treatment time cannot be uniformly determined because it varies depending on the treatment temperature, water vapor concentration, form of the object to be treated, etc., the activation treatment is performed for a long time so that the activation yield is 50 to 15%. Of course, this activation process may be divided into two or more times. The activated carbon fiber according to the present invention must be used in the form of a nonwoven fabric. From the viewpoint of ventilation resistance, the activated carbon fiber has a fiber diameter of 5 to 50 μm, especially 25 to 50 μm.
It is preferable to use one with a diameter of 40 μm. It is also necessary to use 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane or its C-alkyl derivative (2methyl, 2ethyl, 2propyl) as the impregnant used in the present invention. Such an impregnating agent is a highly nucleophilic cyclic amine;
It has characteristics such as a significantly higher reaction rate with methyl iodide than the conventionally used potassium iodide (KI 3 ), easy attachment to fibrous activated carbon, and low vapor pressure. It is something that you have. It is necessary that the amount of the impregnating agent applied is 5% by weight or more. That is, if it is less than 5% by weight, the synergistic effect of impregnation with the high specific surface area fibrous activated carbon of the present invention will be small, and the effects of the present invention will not be exhibited. or,
If the amount is too large (30% by weight or more), the specific surface area after impregnation will be less than 1000 m 2 /g, which is also not preferable because the effects of the present invention cannot be achieved. Methods for applying the adhesive include immersing the fibrous activated carbon in a solution of the adhesive and drying it, or spraying the adhesive solution to adhere the solution, and then drying. Further, other impregnants such as potassium iodide, potassium triiodide, iodine, bromine, silver nitrate, etc. may be used together with the impregnant according to the present invention. The impregnated fibrous activated carbon is filled into a felt-like circular mask cartridge container with a ventilation porosity of 60% or more. Packing density is 0.06g/cc~
It is preferable to fill it to 0.10 g/cc. The radioactive iodine removal mask/cartridge of the present invention is produced by impregnating a large amount of an impregnant with a high reaction rate with respect to methyl iodide on fibrous activated carbon with a high specific surface area with a high adsorption rate. Because the cartridge is efficiently filled, it has outstanding methyl iodide removal efficiency, reduces respiratory resistance, is lightweight, feels comfortable to wear, and can be worn for long periods of time. It has the following. Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples. Example 1 Regenerated cellulose fibers with a fiber length of 38 mm and a fiber diameter of 30 denier were made into felt, impregnated with a 10% by weight aqueous ammonium phosphate solution, flame-resistant treated at 300°C, and heated to 850°C for 2 hours under a nitrogen gas stream. It took a while to raise the temperature and carbonize. After that, activation treatment was performed at 850℃ for 4 hours in a nitrogen stream containing 20% by volume of water vapor, and the fiber diameter was 30μm and the BET specific surface area was
A felt-shaped fibrous activated carbon having an area of 1500 m 2 /g, a basis weight of 200 g/m 2 and a thickness of 4 mm was obtained. In addition, as a comparative example, under the manufacturing conditions of the above example, when the activation treatment was set to 1 hour (comparative example 1), the fiber diameter was 35 μm,
BET method specific surface area 1000m 2 /g, basis weight 300m 2 /g,
A felt-like activated carbon having a thickness of 6 mm was obtained. The felt-like activated carbon was immersed in a 5% by weight 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane aqueous solution, dehydrated, and dried to impregnate 8% by weight of the impregnating agent. The impregnated felt was packed into a polypropylene container with a diameter of 75 mmφ, a thickness of 15 mm, and a ventilation porosity of 70%.
It was filled to a concentration of 0.10 g/cc to obtain an absorption canister. The absorption canister was loaded into a glass tube column with an inner diameter of 76 mmφ, and the methyl iodide content concentration was 9 ppm and the relative humidity was 83%.
Table 1 shows the results of determining the change in removal rate over time by flowing air at a rate of 30/min. Comparative Examples 2 and 3 Table 1 shows the results when the amount of 1,4 diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane impregnated into the felt activated carbon of Example 1 was 30% by weight and 1% by weight. Comparative Example 4 The attached felt of Example 1 was made with a diameter of 75 mmφ and a thickness of 15 mm.
After filling a tin container with a diameter of 40% and a porosity of 40%, the performance was evaluated. Example 2 Infusible novolak-type phenolic resin fibers with a fiber diameter of 10 denier and a fiber length of 10 mm were formed into a nonwoven fabric, and then carbonized at 500°C for 3 hours in a nitrogen gas atmosphere to obtain nonwoven carbon fibers. (yield
65%). Next, the carbon fiber felt was heated at 900°C for 5 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere containing 20% by volume of water vapor.
Time activation treatment, fiber diameter 28μm, basis weight 100
g/m 2 , thickness 2mm, BET method specific surface area 1700m 2 /
g of nonwoven activated carbon was obtained. The activated carbon was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, after impregnating 15% by weight of 1,4 diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (specific surface area 1200 m 2 /g), diameter 75 mmφ, thickness 10 mm,
Packing density in polypropylene container with 70% porosity
After filling to a concentration of 0.10 g/cc, the methyl iodide gas removal ability was evaluated under the same conditions as in Example 1. Comparative Example 5 8 to 14 mesh coconut shell activated carbon (BET method specific surface area 900 m 2 /g) impregnated with 4% by weight of 1,4 diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane was 75 mm in diameter.
After filling a tin container with a diameter of 10 mm and a porosity of 40% to a packing density of 0.5 g/cc, evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. 【table】

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 1,4−ジアザビシクロ〔2,2,2〕オク
タンあるいはその誘導体を5重量%以上添着した
比表面積1000m2/g以上の繊維状活性炭からなる
不織布が通気開孔率60%以上の容器に充填されて
なる呼吸具吸収缶。
[Scope of Claims] 1. A nonwoven fabric made of fibrous activated carbon with a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 /g or more impregnated with 5% by weight or more of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane or its derivatives has a ventilation porosity of 60 % or more of respirators.
JP59054629A 1984-03-21 1984-03-21 Respirator absorbing canister Granted JPS60198166A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59054629A JPS60198166A (en) 1984-03-21 1984-03-21 Respirator absorbing canister

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59054629A JPS60198166A (en) 1984-03-21 1984-03-21 Respirator absorbing canister

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60198166A JPS60198166A (en) 1985-10-07
JPH0348831B2 true JPH0348831B2 (en) 1991-07-25

Family

ID=12976045

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP59054629A Granted JPS60198166A (en) 1984-03-21 1984-03-21 Respirator absorbing canister

Country Status (1)

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JP (1) JPS60198166A (en)

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FR2760759B1 (en) * 1997-03-14 1999-06-11 Carbone Ind PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ACTIVATED TEXTS IN CARBON FIBERS
JP2012223254A (en) * 2011-04-15 2012-11-15 Shinshu Univ Radioactive material-blocking mask
JP2014073358A (en) * 2012-09-13 2014-04-24 Japan Environment Research Co Ltd Disposable mask capable of collecting and adsorbing radioactive organic iodine
JP6848539B2 (en) * 2016-03-09 2021-03-24 東ソー株式会社 A carrier on which a cyclic amine compound containing a hydroxyl group is immobilized.

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