JPH0351998B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a loading device as defined in the general concept in claim 1.

[Conventional technology]

In a loading device of this type, known from DE 2501425, the shell is swiveled from a supply position to an insertion position. The loading device consists of a pair of symmetrically constructed shell supporting shells, front and rear, and each shell supporting shell can be opened laterally by a pivot lever in a direction intersecting the longitudinal axis of the shell during an opening operation. In addition, to secure the shell, the shell supporting shells can each be pivoted about pivots mounted on the pivot lever, and the shells can be locked in various positions by means of an adjustable locking mechanism. Under the pressure of the shell that is introduced into the shell, the shell pivots from an outwardly open receiving position into a holding position in which it symmetrically surrounds the shell on both sides.
In this holding state, the loading device pivots into the insertion position, and this pivoting movement takes place in a horizontal plane intersecting the shell opening of the shell support shell.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

The support shell cannot be pivoted while the shell is mounted within a plane in the shell insertion direction in which the shell mounting port faces outward in the radial direction. This is because the automatic opening of the shell supporting shell cannot be prevented under the pressure of the centrifugal and decelerating forces of the shell acting outward in the radial direction.

However, in the held state, only the shell supporting shell surrounds and supports the shell. Therefore, the shell supporting shell must be moved along with the shell in the direction of the shell axis until the shell finally reaches the insertion position.

[Means and actions to solve the problem]

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to prevent the closing position of the holding side plate of the loading device as described in the generic concept in claim 1 by a force acting in a direction opposite to the direction in which the shell is mounted, particularly when the shell is parallel to the gun barrel. It is possible to safely reach the shell insertion position against the centrifugal force generated in the turning plane when the shell is transported from the mounting position to the insertion position, and it is also possible to move the shell on the loading device into the chamber in the axial direction. It is easy and safe to hold.

This object is achieved by the invention set forth in claim 1. Preferred embodiments are limited to claims 2 and below.

When only one holding side plate of the supporting shell is closed, the other holding side plate is also closed at the same time by the synchronized opening/closing device, and these side plates are locked only when both sides completely surround the shell. It is preferable to configure. The retaining side plate is adjusted in its closed position independently with respect to the shell by means of a tightening jaw or adjusting device;
The structure is such that the shell can be inserted into the chamber even if there is a slight play between the holding side plate and the shell.

In order to transport the shell from the mounting position to the insertion position of the chamber under conditions where a centrifugal force is generated in the opposite direction to the shell mounting direction, it is preferable that the closed position remains locked during the shell transfer. Since the synchronized opening/closing device is installed, in order to lock the holding side plate in the closed position,
This purpose is easily achieved by providing a single locking device. The holding side plate can be easily locked manually or automatically. In either implementation, the retainer plate will not be released from its closed condition until the locking mechanism that keeps the retainer plate locked is released or overcome by opening the lever. The retaining side plates can either be open or can occupy a locked closed position only for shell transport, so that the retaining side plates can be left partially open or open during transport. It cannot happen that
Damage to the gun and gunner is therefore avoided.

The rotating lever of the holding side plate can be locked only when a specific holding side plate is closed, so there is no distortion or bearing play in the synchronous opening/closing device, and the adjustment accuracy of the closing position and the response accuracy of the locking device are improved. It is preferable to configure the system so that it can be increased.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be described in detail below based on embodiments schematically shown in the accompanying drawings.

1 and 2 and FIGS. 7 and 8 respectively show a loading device 1 for loading a large-caliber gun (not shown), in particular an anti-tank artillery gun. The loading device 1 includes a casing 58 in which two supporting shells 59 for supporting the shell 4 are fixed, two holding side plates 2 that are opened symmetrically and surrounding the shell 4, and a synchronous rotation device for the holding side plates 2. 3 and a locking device 8 for fixing the holding side plate 2 in the closed position 5 as main components. Shell insertion position 11 (No. 16) of chamber 12 (Fig. 16)
The operation of rotating the loading device 1 to the position shown in FIG. At various elevation angles, the shell 4 is placed at the shell mounting position 13 (16th
from the chamber 12 through the limited space.
(Fig. 16), the loading device 1 is placed parallel to the gun barrel axis 14 (Fig. 16) on the side opposite to the open bolt 61 (Fig. 16). Deploy. The projectile centrifugal force that appears in the direction opposite to the insertion direction 9 during pivoting is reliably prevented by the retaining side plate 2 and the locking device 8.

Since the synchronous swiveling device 3 is provided, it is only necessary to fix the holding side plate 2 in the closed position 5 only on the side of the holding side plate 2.1 which is to be opened and closed. Therefore, the retaining side plate 2.1 and the locking device 8 can be easily operated from one side of the loading device 1, and the favorable accuracy described above is achieved with regard to the adjustment of the closing position 5 and the response of the locking device 8. . The holding side plate 2 can be fixed by positive engagement of the locking device 8 only when the closing position 5 is reached, but during the closing movement when the holding side plate 2 deviates from the closed position, the holding side plate 2 is automatically returned by the return spring 20. It will be released. Outer circumference 1
A lever 17 that can be opened and closed is attached to a lever 17 which is rotatable about the same axis 16 so that the locking lever 19 of the locking device 8 can be engaged only in the closed position 5 and the holding side plate 2 can be prevented from opening. This is because one end 15 of the side plate 2.1 is connected.

The lever 17 has an arcuate notch 22 on its circumferential surface 21 with which the locking lever 19 engages, and a hole 24 in its cross section for connecting the simultaneous rotation device 3 at a position eccentric to the axis 16. Preferably, it is formed as a disc 23 containing a. The locking area of the locking lever 19, which is pivotable about another axis 43, is moved to the closed position 5.
Only when the cylinder 49 corresponding to the radius of curvature of the notch 22 can engage with the notch 22, the holding side plate 2
As long as the locking lever 19 is in the open state, the axis 4 of the locking lever 19
Segment surface 4 of cylinder 49 formed parallel to 3
8 comes into contact with the circumferential surface 21 of the disk 23, or cooperates with the disk 23 in shape so that it can slide on this circumferential surface 21 during the opening/closing operation, whereby the holding side plate 2 is brought into the open state. Locking by the locking lever 19 is made impossible as long as possible.

In order to also obtain the opening/closing movement of the holding side plate 2.2 that rotates around the axis 27, this holding side plate 2.2
are connected to a lever 26 which is rotatable about the same axis 27, and a bearing 62 for attaching the synchronous swing device 3 configured as a push-and-pull connecting rod 25 is placed at an eccentric position with respect to the axis 27. is provided on the lever 26 so as to occupy the same area. When the holding side plate 2.1 is closed, both holding side plates 2 pivot. This is because the other end of the synchronous swing device 3 supported by the hole 24 of the disc 23 is placed above the axis 16, and the end of the synchronous swing device 3 supported by the lever 26 is placed above the axis 16.
This is because it is placed below 7. Holding side plate 2.1
and 2.2 are opened, the synchronous swivel device 3 moves in direction 28. The push-and-pull connection rod 25 consists of two separate rods 25.1 and 25.1.
2, one end of the rod 25.1 is connected to a bearing 62.
Then, one end of the rod 25.2 is fixed in each hole 24, and the free ends of both rods are screwed into the adjusting device 1.
They are connected to each other via 0. With this configuration, the closing position 5 and pivoting movement of the holding side plate 2.2, which opens and closes about the axis 27, can be adjusted accurately and evenly. The closing position 5 of the holding side plate 2.1 can also be adjusted separately depending on the gun caliber. For this purpose, a tightening jaw 6 that can freely adjust the shaft end 29 of the holding side plate 2.1 and the shaft end 30 of the disk 23
are connected via. By means of the tightening jaw 6 and the adjusting device 10, the closed position 5 can be adjusted with a slight play so that the shell 4 can be inserted into the chamber 12 in the axial direction 7 (FIG. 16).

1 and 2, the manual hand lever 31 of the locking device 8 is in a locked state 32 in which it engages with the notch 22 of the disc 23, and in order to maintain the locked state 32, it is fixed to the loading device 1. Casing 66 (fourth
A spring pin 33 (FIG. 4) guided inside the hand lever 31 is engaged with an engagement groove 34 (FIG. 4) of the hand lever 31.

FIG. 3 shows the axis 43 of the bearing hole 64 with the grip 63.
Hand lever 3 that can be rotated around
1, in which an engagement groove 34 (FIG. 4) is formed in the arm 65 of the lever 31.

In order to ensure the holding force necessary to maintain the hand lever 31 in the locked state 32, the elastic force of the spring pin 33 shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG.
In front of this V-shaped notch 37, a sliding path 39 is formed in the hand lever 31 that descends roundly or obliquely from the notch, thereby limiting the protruding edge 38, and this protruding edge 3
In cooperation with the round spring pin 33 of No. 5, the hand lever 31 is prevented from becoming unstable when the disc 23 is fixed. V-shaped notch 37
Since the spring pin 33 pushes the hand lever 31 back to the open position along the downward sliding path 39 in the state where it is not engaged with the hand lever 32, a state where the locking state 32 is not complete cannot occur. Along with this, the holding side plate 2 leaves the closed position 5 and automatically returns to the open position.

In FIGS. 7 and 8, the locking device 8 is in the locked state 3.
2, which is configured as an automatic locking lever 40 and includes a locking lever 19 which automatically and reliably engages the notch 22 of the disc 23 without any manual operation when the holding side plate 2 is in the closed position 5.

In order to maintain the locked state 32, the loading device 1 is slidably guided within the lever 40 and is moved by the force of the spring 41.
A pawl 42 is provided which engages with a stepped notch 45 (FIG. 10) of a casing wall 44 (FIG. 10). The shaft 46 is equipped with a release lever 50 that covers one side of the lever 40 and can independently rotate.
10), the lift curve 59 (FIG. 10) of the release lever 50 lifts the pawl 42 from its engaged position with the notch 45 (FIG. 10). When the holding side plate 2 reaches the closed position 5, the release lever 50 moves to the locked state 32 together with the lever 40, but in order to release the engagement of the claw 42, the release lever 5
0 manually in the opening direction 52 separately from the lever 40.
(FIG. 11) and when the pawl 42 is disengaged, the lever 40 is automatically released from the locked state 32.

To achieve this mode of operation, return members, such as those shown as torsion springs 47 and 53 in FIG. The torsion spring 47 has its free end engagedly connected to a shaft 46 which is pivotable about an axis 43, and the shaft 46 is also engagedly connected to the lever 40 via a pin 67, for example.
The free end of the torsion spring 53 is connected to the locking device 8 (FIG. 7).
but rather the shaft end 3 of the loading device 1 (FIG. 7).
0 (FIG. 7). The torsion spring 47 is connected to the opening lever 50 (the first
It is connected to a leg 68 including a cam 51 (Fig. 4) (Fig. 13). The torsion spring 47 is surrounded in a narrow space by the torsion spring 53, and both torsion springs are supported and centered relative to each other by a bush 71 and are centered from the outside by a casing 72 which can be screwed onto the shaft 46. being surrounded.

The shaft 46 has a casing wall 44 with a notch 45 (FIG. 10) and a loading device 1 (FIG. 8).
casing wall 74. The other leg 73 of the opening lever 50 (FIG. 14) and the lever 40 are arranged between the casing walls 44, 74, and the lever 40 engages with the casing wall 44 while engaging the cam 51 of the leg 68 (FIG. 13). It is bent laterally in an area (not shown) remote from the shaft 46 to provide a claw 42 (FIG. 8) which can be lifted up.

The bearing of leg 73 includes a cylindrical portion 76 (FIG. 13) and a chamfered segment surface 75 (FIG. 13) similar to the cylindrical region of lever 40 (FIG. 8).
With this configuration, the legs 73 are similar to the disc 2.
3 when the lever 40 is in the locked state 32 (FIG. 8).
can be effectively held together.

Detailed aspects of the automatic locking action will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 9 to 14. In FIG. 10, lever 40 and adjacent release lever 50 are in the locked state 32. The torsion spring 47 is in a relaxed state, but the torsion spring 53 is exerting a return torque in the pivoting direction 55. A cylindrical part 49 with a segmented surface 48 of the lever 40 is held in the recess 22 by a pawl 42 which engages with the recess 45 under the action of a spring 41 .

FIG. 11 shows the state immediately before the locked state 32 is released. Although the release lever 50 is substantially opened, the torsion spring 47 is charged by the release lever 50 which is released in the direction 52 when the lever 40 is still engaged with the notch 45.
When the claw 42 separates from the notch 45, the lever 40
automatically moves in direction 52, and as a result, the locked state 32 is released.

As shown in FIG.
2, and when the lever 40 completes its pivoting in the direction 52, the disc 23 is released and, as a result of its circular circumferential surface, slides on the stationary segment surface 48. while rotating in the return direction and enters the unlocked state 56. In this state 56, the holding side plate 2
(Figure 8) is fully opened. When the release lever 50 is released, the torsion spring 53 is charged to the maximum, so that the holding side plate 2.1 (FIG. 8) closes and the disc 2.
3 changes from the unlocked state 56 to the locked state 32 (10th
When the lever 40 is turned to the position shown in the figure), the lever 40 is released.
0 and returns to the direction 55 to lock the cylindrical portion 49 that can engage with the disc 23, and the claw 42
automatically engages with the notch 45 under the pressure of the spring 41.

As is clear from FIGS. 13 and 14, the release lever 50 includes a handle 77 that connects the legs 68 and 73. Each leg 68, 73 for pivoting about shaft 46 (FIG. 9).
A hole 78 is formed in the hole 78 .

Only when manually closing one retaining side plate, namely the retaining side plate 2.1, is the accuracy of the adjustment of the closing position 5 (FIGS. 2 and 8) and the response accuracy of the locking device 8 avoided, both without deviations and bearing play. As shown in FIG. 15, a lever 26 of the holding side plate 2.2 (FIGS. 2 and 8) which pivots synchronously is provided with a lever 26, as shown in FIG. Pushuyu &
A slot 57 for inserting the pull connecting rod 25 (FIGS. 2 and 8) is formed at an eccentric position with respect to the axis 27. With this construction, even if the retaining side plate 2.2 is unintentionally closed, the push-and-pull connecting rod 25 will remain in the slot 57.
Since it is not driven within the rotation range of the holding side plate 2.
2 (FIGS. 2 and 8), locking cannot take place in the closed position 5. In this way, the structure is such that the holding side plate 2 (Figs. 2 and 8) cannot be locked or fixed until after the holding side plate 2.1 (Figs. 2 and 8) is closed, so that it is always kept in place. Under force fluxes acting only in the direction, deviations and bearing play are completely avoided, and a high adjustment precision of the closing position 5 and a high response precision of the locking device 8 are achieved in the locked state 32. As means for transmitting the rotational motion to the holding side plate 2, both the shaft center 27 and the shaft center 16 (FIGS. 2 and 8) are used.
Concentrically with the disk 23 (Figures 2 and 8)
Teeth 7 formed on the shaft end 30 (FIGS. 1 and 7)
9 works extremely effectively.

FIG. 16 schematically shows the process of rotating the loading device 1 together with the shell 4 fixed thereto from the shell mounting position 13 to the insertion position 11 of the chamber 12. Loading device 1
is parallel to the barrel axis 14 so that it does not get in the way of the bolt 82 that retreats during firing at the shell mounting position 13, and so that when the bolt moves forward again, it can turn within a limited space to a deep position in the chamber 12. Pivotally attached to the gun mount. The loading device is linked to the elevation angle adjustment of the gun, and the first
The gun axis 14 shown in the horizontal state in Figure 6 is -7° to +
The elevation angle can be adjusted within a 70° rotation range, ensuring that shells can be reliably loaded even if the gun's elevation angle changes.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an overhead view showing the support shell together with the holding side plate that can be manually locked; Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing the manual locking device together with the synchronized opening/closing device of the holding side plate along the - plane of Fig. 1; Figure 3 is a view of the hand lever of the locking device as seen in the direction of Figure 2; Figure 4 is an enlarged view showing details of the spring pin shown in Figure 1; Figure 5
The figure is a partial view of the engagement groove of the spring pin shown in Figure 4, seen in the direction of Figure 3; Figure 6 is a sectional view taken from the plane of Figure 5; Figure 7 is a support shell that can be automatically locked. An overhead view showing the holding side plate; Figure 8 shows the automatic locking device together with the synchronized opening/closing device of the holding side plate;
FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along the plane; FIG. 9 shows the bearing of the locking device; FIG.
0 is a sectional view schematically showing the automatic locking device of FIG. 8 in a locked and fixed state; FIG. 11 is a view schematically showing the locking device shown in FIG. 10 in the unlocking stage; 12
The figure shows the locking device schematically shown in FIG. 10 in an unlatched/unlocked state; FIG. 13 is a view of the release lever of the automatic locking device as seen in the direction of FIG. 7;
4 is a partially sectional side view of the release lever as seen in the direction of FIG. 13; FIG. 15 is a front view of the lever indicated by reference numeral 26 in FIG. 8; FIG. 16 shows the support shell in the shell mounting position. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the process of turning the cartridge from the cartridge to the insertion position of the chamber. 1...Loading device, 2...Holding side plate, 3...Synchronized opening/closing device, 4...Cannonball, 5...Closed position, 8...
Locking device, 10... Adjustment device, 11... Shell insertion position, 12... Gun chamber, 13... Shell mounting position, 1
4... Gun barrel axis, 22... Notch, 23... Disc, 25... Push-and-pull connection rod, 29, 30... Shaft end, 31... Manual lever,
32...Locked state (position), 40...Automatic fixing lever, 50...Release lever.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In a gun loading device having two shell holding side plates that open and close symmetrically, the two holding side plates 2 are interlocked with each other, and a shell 4 is mounted on one side holding side plate 2.1. It includes a synchronous switching device 3 which automatically closes the other holding side plate 2.2 when closed, and the closing position 5 of the holding side plate 2 is controlled by a tightening jaw 6 and The loading device 1 can be adjusted by the adjustment device 10 of the synchronized opening/closing device 3, the bullet 4 can be inserted into the chamber 12 in the axial direction 7 after the bullet has reached the insertion position 11, and the loading device 1 can be adjusted by the opening/closing side plate. 2.1 includes a locking device 8 for fixing together the closed position 5 of the retaining side plate 2 to move the shell 4 from the mounting position 13 to the insertion position 1.
1. A gun loading device characterized in that a closed position 5 is reliably maintained even if a centrifugal force of a shell opposite to a mounting direction 9 is generated when the gun is moved to a closing position 5. 2 One end 15 of the opening/closing holding side plate 2.1 is aligned with the same axis 1
6 is connected to a lever 17 which can be pivoted together about the lever 17, and the outer periphery 18 of said lever 17 is provided with a return spring 20 by means of which a locking lever 19 of the locking device 8 engages with the lever 17 only in the closed position 5. The loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding side plate 2 is formed to prevent opening. 3. The lever 17, which can be rotated around the axis 16,
Its circumferential surface 21 has an arc-shaped notch 22 into which the fixing lever 19 engages, and a hole 24 is formed in its cross section to connect the synchronous opening/closing device 3, and which occupies a position eccentric to the axis 16. A certain disk 23
A loading device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the loading device is constructed as follows. 4 By coordinating the shape of the locking area of the fixing lever 19, which is rotatable around another axis 43, with the disc 23, the cylindrical portion 49 corresponding to the radius of curvature of the notch 22 is formed in the closed position 5. Claims characterized in that the segment surface 48 of the cylindrical portion 49 of the fixing lever 19 engages with the notch 22 and comes into contact with the circumferential surface 21 of the disc 23 when the holding side plate 2 is released. The loading device according to any one of items 1 to 3. 5. The synchronized opening/closing device 3 is eccentrically connected to a lever 26 which is pivotable about the axis 27 together with the holding side plate 2.2 in order to open and close the holding side plate 2.2 which also pivots about the axis 27. Connected putsch &
It is configured as a pull connecting rod 25, and both ends of the push-and-pull connecting rod 25 are in the open position and in the closed position 5, the end on the disk 23 side is located above the axis 16, and the end on the lever 26 side is in the position above the axis 16. Any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the device occupies a position below 27.
Loading device as described in section. 6. The fixable closing position 5 of the holding side plate 2.1 can be adjusted by the clamping jaw 6 surrounding the axial end 29 of the opening/closing holding side plate 2.1 and the axial end 30 of the disc 23. The loading device according to any one of the ranges 1 to 5. 7. Two individual rods 25.1 and 25 connected via an adjusting device 10 for adjusting the closed position 5 of the holding side plate 2.2, in which the push-and-pull connecting rod 25 opens and closes together about the axis 27. Loading device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it consists of: .2. 8. The locking device 8 includes a locking lever 19 configured as a manual hand lever 31 for obtaining a locking state 32 in which the locking device 8 engages with the notch 22 of the disc 23. The loading device according to any one of items 7 to 7. 9. Claim 1, characterized in that the hand lever 31 includes an engagement groove 34 in which a spring pin 33 guided in the casing 66 of the loading device 1 engages to maintain the locked state 32. 9. The loading device according to any one of items 8 to 8. 10 Apply the spring force of the spring pin 33 to the hand lever 3
Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the holding force required to maintain one locking position 32 includes an adjustable adjustment nut 36. loading device. 11. The engagement groove 34 is formed as a V-shaped notch 37, and the hand lever 31 is provided with a sliding path 39 located in front of the V-shaped notch 37 and descending from this notch 37 to define the protruding edge 38. This makes it possible to prevent the hand lever 31 from becoming unstable when the disc 23 is fixed, and when the spring pin 33 acts on the downward slide path 39, the hand lever 31 can be automatically released from the locked state 32 and turned. A loading device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: 12 The locking device 8 is configured as an automatic fixing lever 40 in the locked state 32, and when the holding side plate 2 comes to the closed position 5, it automatically and reliably engages the notch 22 of the disc 23 without manual operation. Fixing lever 1
9. The loading device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the loading device includes: 9. 13. The loading device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by the following structural features: (a) The lever 40 is engaged with a shaft 46 that is rotatable about an axis 43. (b) a pawl 42 slidably guided under the action of a spring for holding the lever 40 in the locked state 32;
(c) the casing wall 44 of the loading device 1 is connected to the lever 40;
includes a stepped notch 45 with which the pawl 42 engages in the locked state 32; (d) overlays one side of the lever 40;
A release lever 50 that can be rotated separately from the release lever 50 is separately provided on the shaft 46, and as the release lever 50 moves in the release direction 52, the release lever 5
The lift curve 59 formed at 0 is the pawl 42.
(e) Connect the two torsion springs 47 and 53 to the release lever 50 as return members that act independently of each other, engage and connect the torsion spring 47 to the shaft 46, and 53 is fixed in the groove 54 of the shaft end 30; (f) In the locked state 32, when the release lever 50 comes into contact with the lever 40, the torsion spring 47 is relaxed, and the torsion spring 53 applies a restoring torque in the turning direction 55. (g) Since the torsion spring 47 is charged while the release lever 50 is almost released, but the lever 40 is still locked in the notch 45, when the pawl 42 is released from the notch 45, the lever 40 is released.
can automatically move in the direction 52 to release the locked state 32; (h) When the release lever 50 is fully opened in the direction 52, the torsion spring 53 is charged to the maximum, so the holding side plate 2.1 is closed; The disc 23 is in the open position 56
After pivoting from the position to the locking position 32, the lever 40 pivots back together with the release lever 50 in the pivot direction 55 to lock the cylindrical portion 49 that engages with the disc 23, and the pawl 42 is under the pressure of the spring 41. It can automatically engage with the notch 42. 14 Lever 26 of holding side plate 2.2 that rotates synchronously
includes a slot 57 formed eccentrically relative to the axis 27 for the insertion of the push-and-pull connecting rod 25, so that the push-and-pull connecting rod 25 remains intact even when the retaining side plate 2.2 is manually closed. is not driven within the swiveling range of the slot 57 and no locking takes place even when the retaining side plate 2.2 is in the closed position 5, so that the retaining side plate 2.1 only closes when the retaining side plate 2.1 is closed. , 2.2 are locked and fixed, the loading device according to any one of claims 1 to 13.