JPH0353996B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to means for separating solid substances using the flow action of a gaseous body or air, and more particularly to a crusher having a separator. The present invention is based on chemistry,
It can be effectively used in the production of mixtures in the coal, construction and industrial sectors.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the industrial fields mentioned above, combinations of crushers and separators are known (see, for example, USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 938236 IPC B02C 13/22). The device consists of counter-rotating rotors with facing disks having a large number of rows of grinding actuating elements, has a transport circuit with respective outlet piping for the coarse part and the fine part, and has an air supply for the separation effect. It has blower blades for forced ventilation to increase the flow of air. The shredded material separation zone is located between the aforementioned material processing circuit and the transport circuit. Separate circular channels are provided for discharging the coarse and fine particles of the crushed material, for which purpose a partition is provided between the channels. The pulverized material reaches a separation zone in which a transversely flowing air stream is created by said forced draft vanes;
The air flow carries the fine particles through the openings of the transport circuit and into the passageways of the transport circuit system. The coarse part continues to move in the radial plane due to inertial forces and is returned through the circular passage to the inlet piping for regrinding action. Separation devices such as those described above employed in crushers have a rather complex design and require additional energy to transport the fine and coarse portions of the crushed material. And most importantly, if the coarse and fine parts of the crushed material are mixed with each other and fed to the separation zone at a high rate, it will not be possible to effectively separate the material into its respective parts. . Furthermore, the possibility of generating sufficient drafting force to draw the fine grain portion towards the conveyor is limited. This is because the ventilation force is arranged inside the crusher and is therefore limited in size.

On the other hand, separation devices are also known in the art (U.S. Pat. No. 4,093,127, 1978, U.S. Patent Classification 241-
55), this device has a rotor built into the casing, a driving means for the rotor, an inlet piping section for charging the material to be crushed, and a fine-grained part and a coarse-grained part of the material. It has an outlet piping section for discharging the portion. The rotor has a back disc and a front disc to which transverse wing members are fixed perpendicular to the direction of rotation of the blade. A shock plate is fixed within the casing, forming an inner compartment of the center and an outer compartment fitted with piping for returning the coarse part of the material into the center compartment. It's on. The separated material is accelerated by a wing member fixed on the disc and is struck onto a number of fixed impact plates. The fixed impact plates are arranged with gaps therebetween for breaking the crushed material into particles, the broken particles being scattered randomly within the outer compartment and some of them being returned to the central compartment. A disk with rotor blades mounted laterally in the direction of loading of the crushed material pushes air which draws the fine part through the gap between the impact plates towards the interior of the external compartment and then into the outlet piping. Draw to the part. When atomized by impact action and partial friction action, the final product having various particle sizes does not have a specific velocity only for particles of a certain size. The chaotic dissipation of particles and the unequal velocities of particles of the same size under uniform ventilation force make accurate sieving and efficient separation of particle groups impossible.

Problem to be Solved The present invention solves the problem of providing a separator and crusher having a design that increases the separation efficiency of the crushed material to be separated.

Means for Solving the Problem A rotor installed inside a casing is surrounded by an annular chamber provided in the casing, and an opening is formed in the immediate vicinity facing the rotor, so that the rotor is According to the present invention, there is provided a separating and crushing machine comprising a driving means, an inlet piping section for charging the material to be crushed to be separated, and a piping system for discharging the separated materials of the fine grain portion and the coarse grain portion. For example, a plurality of openings are formed in the side wall surface of the annular chamber,
An outlet pipe for discharging the fine part of the separated material communicates with the annular chamber through the side wall opening, and also communicates with another outlet pipe for discharging the coarse part. It has been installed.

The longitudinal cross section of the annular chamber can be formed to have a constant size in a direction parallel to the axis of the rotor. The longitudinal section of the annular chamber in the direction parallel to the axis of the rotor can also have a continuously varying size section. Furthermore, the longitudinal cross-section of the annular chamber in a direction parallel to the axis of the rotor can also have a cross-sectional size that varies stepwise.

The separator and crusher according to the present invention has the property of increasing the separation efficiency of a predetermined particle size.

Embodiment The separator and crusher consists of a casing 1 (FIG. 1), in which a rotor having a disk 2 with rotor blades 3 attached to its outer periphery is installed. This disk 2 is fixed to a rotating shaft 4 of a drive device. The rotor is surrounded by an annular chamber 5 formed inside the casing 1, and in the immediate vicinity of the rotor, an opening 6 facing the rotor blades of the rotor is formed in the annular shape. It is formed in chamber 5. The interior space 7 of the annular chamber 5 constitutes the separation area of the substances. A plurality of openings 8 (FIGS. 1 and 2) are provided in the side wall of the annular chamber 5,
By means of this opening means, the annular chamber 5 communicates with an outlet pipe 9 for discharging the fine part of the crushed material. Also, an outlet pipe 10 is connected in communication with the annular chamber 5 for discharging the coarse part. A damper 11 is attached to the outlet pipe 10 to allow longitudinal movement. This separation crusher has a second rotor,
This second rotor has another disk 12 parallel to the aforementioned disk 2 on the rotation axis 13 of the drive device,
This disk 12 has a smaller diameter than the diameter of the disk 2, and another rotor blade 14 facing the rotor blade 3 of the first rotor described above is attached along the periphery of the disk 12. This separating and crushing machine is formed with an inlet pipe 15 for charging the material to be separated, and this inlet pipe 15 communicates with an outlet pipe 10.
0 is equipped with a discharge pipe 16 for discharging the coarse part from this device. The outlet pipe 9 is for discharging fine parts of the material from the device and communicates with a dust collector, e.g. a cyclone dust collector 17, e.g. with a blower 1.
The ventilation force generated by 8 is used. The annular chamber 5, which delimits the separation area of the crushed material, can be constructed with various designs. In the direction parallel to the axis of the rotor, each horizontal cross-section of the annular chamber 5 in the upper and lower longitudinal directions can have a constant size cross-section (FIG. 1) or can have a continuously gradually changing size. It can also have a cross section (see Figures 4 and 5).
(Figure) Furthermore, it is also possible to have a cross section that changes stepwise (Figures 1, 6, 7, and 8). The opening 8 (Fig. 2) can be formed in the side wall of the wide section of the annular chamber 5 (Figs. 5, 6, 7), or it can be formed in the side wall of the narrow section (Figs. 1, 4). You can also force it.

Function The above separator and crusher operates as follows. The crushed raw material to be separated reaches the rotor through the inlet pipe 15 (FIG. 1) together with a gas stream, e.g. Jump into. Material particles of various sizes enter the annular chamber 5 at a uniform velocity. When this particle group moves in the dust or air medium in the annular chamber 5, it is subjected to the resistance action of said medium, and as it moves away from the rotor outwards and into the annular chamber 5, the particles depend on their particle size. The separation action of is started. Smaller particles lose their original energy to a greater extent than larger particles. The stream of substances to be separated is therefore separated into layers according to particle size. Due to the adjustment of the draft force generated by the blower 18, the air stream is sucked out at a constant speed through the opening 8, so that particles of defined size are picked out of the annular chamber 5. When the granular material, which has previously been separated into layers, is removed from the annular chamber 5, the impact effects of groups of particles of various sizes are extremely suppressed. This fact therefore results in a very effective separation of the crushed material due to the predetermined limited particle size.

The annular chamber 5 of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 provides a separation effect for even smaller particles, which is superior to the annular chamber 5 of constant cross section (FIG. 1 and FIG. 4). In the narrower part of the chamber (Fig. 4) or in an annular chamber of constant cross-section (Fig. 3), the velocity head is maintained in an unchanging airflow trajectory, so that very fine particle fractions of the material The energy for is dissipated and the separation action takes place. In the annular chamber 5 in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5, 6, 7, and 8, the internal space suddenly expands, so the flow trajectory of the air flow when it flows into the annular chamber 5 changes, and the air flow The velocity head also falls at the same time. This phenomenon indicates that a separation effect of a large particle size limiting nature is taking place.
The position of the opening 8 (FIG. 2) in the side wall of the annular chamber 5 is determined depending on the initial velocity of the material particles flowing into the annular chamber 5 and the size of the particles to be separated. The dimensions of the apertures 8 are determined depending on the difference in energy loss for different particle sizes. An annular chamber 5 with an opening 8 (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8) provided in a wider cross-section of the annular chamber
In some embodiments, it is used to separate the crushed material into larger, restricted particles. On the other hand, an embodiment of an annular chamber 5 (FIGS. 1 and 4) with an opening 8 formed in the side wall of a narrow section is used for the separation effect of finer particle fractions.

The design and capacity of the annular chamber 5 (FIG. 1) are selected depending on the volume of air to be forced into it and are also determined by suitable manufacturing methods.

The extracted fine particulate fraction is discharged through an outlet pipe to a dust collector 17 which is continuously connected thereto.
The coarse part of the material is transferred to the outlet pipe 10 for re-grinding.
or, if it is necessary to divide the material into two particle group portions with different particle sizes or into particle portions with different strengths, be discharged to the outside through an outlet pipe 16. Ru. The pressure in the annular chamber 5 is regulated by means of a damper 11 whose discharge cross section can be varied.

Effects of the Invention In the separator and crusher with the configuration disclosed hitherto, the separation area is limited by an annular chamber, which is capable of discharging particles of a wide range of limited size, including the fine part to be discharged. A very effective separation action of .

The absence of moving elements in this isolation arrangement increases its reliability. If an annular chamber with a separating effect is arranged above the last row of comminution actuating elements, for example in a crusher or a granulator, the velocity head generated by these comminution actuating elements and the annular chamber 5 caused by these actuating elements are The energy of the thrown matter can be used. The overall amount of energy consumed during the separation process can thereby be reduced.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall view showing a longitudinal cross-section of a separator and crusher according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along the line - of FIG. 1 according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 defines the separation area of the crushed material. FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of an annular chamber, the longitudinal horizontal section of which has a constant cross-section in the direction parallel to the rotor axis according to the invention; FIG. shows,
Its longitudinal horizontal cross section has a cross section that gradually changes continuously in a direction parallel to the rotor axis. Fifth
The figure shows another embodiment of an annular chamber defining the crushed material separation zone, the longitudinal horizontal section of which has a continuously grading section in a direction parallel to the rotor axis. FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of an annular chamber defining a material separation area, the longitudinal horizontal section of which has a stepped cross-section in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation; FIG. FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of an annular chamber defining a material separation area, the longitudinal horizontal cross section of which has a step-like cross section in a direction parallel to the rotor axis; A third embodiment of the chamber is shown, the longitudinal horizontal cross section of which has a stepped cross section in a direction parallel to the rotor axis. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Casing, 3... Rotating blade of the first rotor, 4... Drive rotating shaft, 5... Annular chamber that limits the separation area, 6... Opening part of the annular chamber, 7... Inside of the annular chamber Space, 8... Opening in the side wall of the annular chamber, 9... Outlet pipe for the fine grain portion, 10... Outlet pipe for the coarse grain portion, 11... Damper, 12... Disk of the second rotor. , 13... second rotor drive shaft, 14...
Rotor blade of second rotor, 15... Inlet pipe, 16...
Outlet pipe for discharging coarse part, 17... Dust collector, 18
...Blower.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A crusher rotor connected to a drive rotation shaft is rotatably arranged inside a casing 1 constituting the main part of the crusher separation device, and the outer circumference of the rotor blades of the rotor is A surrounding annular chamber 5 is provided, the annular chamber 5 having an opening 6 facing and close to the outer periphery of the rotor rotor, and allowing the material to be crushed to be transported from the upper exterior of the casing. An inlet pipe 15 is provided adjacent to the casing for charging towards the root of the rotor and further separates the crushed material into fine and coarse particles and separates each of these crushed particles. In a separator equipped with a piping system configured to discharge each of the above to the outside, the side wall forming the opening 6 of the annular chamber 5 has crushed fine particles on the side wall surface near the opening of the opening. A plurality of openings 8 are provided for discharging the crushed fine particles, and an outlet pipe 9 for discharging the crushed fine particles to the outside is connected to the annular chamber to communicate with the annular chamber. An internal communication port of a coarse particle outlet pipe (10 or 16) for discharging the particle portion is connected to the annular chamber 5, and its outward discharge port is provided with an adjustable damper 11.
A separating device characterized in that the separation device is connected to the charging inlet pipe 15 of the material to be crushed via the crushing material so as to return its coarse part, or is connected to a coarse part piping system 16 for external discharge. 2. It should be noted that a longitudinal section inside the annular chamber communicating with the opening 6 of the annular chamber 5 and parallel to the rotational axis of the rotor has a constant width from the entrance of the opening 6 toward the inner part. A separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3. A longitudinal section inside the annular chamber 5 that communicates with the opening 6 of the annular chamber 5 and is parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor is formed such that its width changes from the entrance of the opening toward the inner part. The separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: 4 The longitudinal cross section of the interior of the annular chamber communicating with the opening 6 of the annular chamber 5 and parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor is such that the width thereof changes continuously from the entrance of the opening toward the inner part. The separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that the separation device is formed. 5 A longitudinal section inside the annular chamber communicating with the opening 6 of the annular chamber 5 and parallel to the rotational axis of the rotor, the width of which changes stepwise from the opening entrance toward the inner part. The separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: