JPH035479B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] A. Purpose of the invention "Industrial application field" Excavating into the ground from the side while passing a prefabricated wide completed cylinder into the shallow ground without interrupting the traffic above. This category belongs to the field where tunnels are laid forward and used as roadways, sidewalks, public ditches, waterways, and other underground tunnels.

``Conventional technology'' Conventionally, when excavating a wide completed cylindrical body into the ground with shallow earth cover, it is necessary to protect the face from collapsing due to the upper load and to prevent displacement of the upper structure due to lateral movement of earth and sand at the top of the cylindrical body. Pipe roof construction is used as an auxiliary construction method to prevent this. Moreover, the auxiliary construction method using pipe roof construction has been used as an indispensable method.

However, although pipe roof construction is extremely expensive, requires a long process and construction period, and has other drawbacks, it has been used for many years out of necessity because there are no better construction methods. is the current situation. In addition, on the front side of the prefabricated large finished cylinder with a wide width, there is a large cutting opening consisting of a large number of small chambers (small chambers) 14 in multi-row and multi-stage partitioned into small sections in the form of a vertical and horizontal grid, as shown in Figure 5. At the same time, 4 face jacks 13 are attached to each booth to protect the face, and the excavated area of the booth is determined by (25-
75) Deciding on a ratio of around 75%, alternate faces are excavated manually for each booth one by one, and when all the faces have been excavated, the faces of all booths are earth-retained using face jacks, and the completed cylinder is towed, propelled, or Using advancement equipment such as towing and propulsion, the large completed cylinder was repeatedly advanced into the ground under the pipe roof construction for a long distance, and the large completed cylinder was advanced into the shallow ground and laid.

"Problems to be Solved by the Invention" The pipe roof construction described above has the following drawbacks.

Pipe roof construction requires a long period of time.

The cost of pipe roof construction is extremely high, reaching 25-50% of the total construction cost depending on the size of the completed tube, and is equal to or even exceeds the cost of installing the tube. Sometimes even.

The gap between the upper earth covering required for pipe roof construction and the cylinder under the pipe roof is such that the pipe roof may sink during construction, replenishing the upper ground height, or creating a gap between the pipe roof and the back of the cylinder. Match,
This often causes technical problems such as lifting of pipes and uplifting of the ground above.

Since a pipe roof will be constructed on top of the completed cylinder, the cylinder will be covered with a large amount of earth, and the approach will also be large, resulting in an increase in construction costs, including land costs, and an extension of the construction period.

Since the pipe roof also moves laterally while the cylinder is moving forward, a lateral movement prevention work is required.

In addition, in the conventional multi-row, multi-stage excavation method using a lattice-shaped cutting edge with a large number of booths, earth and sand are excavated by manual excavation after determining the opening ratio while performing earth retaining work at the face using a face jack for each booth.
The amount of digging per day varies from 20 to 20 depending on the size and type of soil at the cutting edge.
The progress speed is slow at around 80 cm/day, which means the construction period will be extended, and the construction costs will be large, including the cost of the machinery, equipment, and materials used.

Conventional technology has the above-mentioned problems in terms of both construction time and construction cost, as well as qualitatively unsafe drawbacks due to subsidence of the pipe roof, heave-up of the upper ground, etc., and the fact that the face inside the cutting edge cannot be mechanically excavated. There were many problems such as things that could not be done.

B. Structure of the Invention ``Means for Solving Problems'' In the present invention, the pipe roof is removed, and elongated friction cutter pieces of small width are attached to the upper surface of the cylinder body at appropriate intervals over the entire width of the cylinder body, and each piece is attached to the upper surface of the cylinder body. are individually advanced at the upper part of the cylinder to finish advancing all the friction cutter pieces, and after the friction cutter pieces are locked in the rear vertical shaft, the lower cylinder is advanced. Lateral movement of the overlying earth and the superstructure as it advances underground is prevented by intervening locking of friction cutters.

In addition, in order to prevent the front face of the cutting edge from collapsing due to various loads, a strong press-fit cutting edge is fixed to the front of each friction cutter on the top of the sturdy cutting edge, and each cutting edge is individually attached to the friction cutter. By pressing forward, the upper load in front of the top of the cutting edge is protected by the press-fitting cutting edge, and the shape of the cutting edge is inclined at an angle equal to or smaller than the sliding surface (angle) of the soil, so that the face is tilted in front and back of the sliding surface. The design was designed to ensure the stability of the face inside the cutting edge and prevent slipping and collapse during drilling.

In addition, due to the conventional shape of the cutting edge, which has a large number of booths in a multi-stage, multi-row lattice pattern, the face was cut vertically back and forth, and while retaining by face jacking was also used, all excavation could only be done by hand. The new cutting edge to be provided in The cutting edge below is a one-tier type large space with a space large enough in height and width that an excavator such as a yunbo or shovel can excavate by removing all the shelves, vertical and horizontal partition plates, their cutting edges, and the booth. In this Oma, the excavator is constructed so that it can excavate while stabilizing the face on the slope before and after the sliding surface, thereby eliminating the slippage and collapse of the face and removing most of the earth and sand within the cross-sectional area of the cutting face. It made mechanical excavation possible.

``Operation'' As shown in Figures 1 to 3, long and thin friction cutter pieces, each with a long and sturdy press-fitting cutting edge solidified at the top, are installed at appropriate intervals over the entire upper part of the wide completed cylinder. A bracket that is fixed and protrudes from the bottom of the blade protrudes from the inner surface of the blade, and a slit is provided on the top of the blade that is long enough to move back and forth, and a bracket that protrudes downward from the slit on the top of the blade is provided inside the blade. The friction cutter pieces with the press-fit cutting edges are propelled by the propulsion jack and are advanced one by one on the upper surface of the cylinder, so that the press-fit cutting edges are pressed into the ground appropriately and protrude forward from the tip of the cylinder blade opening.
There is no lateral movement of the upper earth and sand as the friction cutter piece with a narrow and narrow press-in cutting edge advances, and the press-fitting cutting edge protrudes forward from the tip of the cutting edge to support the earth and sand at the front and upper part of the cutting edge and maintain the upper load. to support and protect the upper part of the face more safely.

In addition, once all the friction cutter pieces have moved forward one digging length, the rear part is locked (retained) in the pit using various methods, and then the lower cylinder is moved forward, so as the cylinder moves forward, the friction cutter is cut. No forward lateral movement or upper displacement of the tar and upper sediment will occur. And the blade mouth is upper row 1-2 as shown in the illustration.
As in the past, many booths were set up using booth cutters on the tiers, and the front part was set at an angle before and after the sliding surface of the earth and sand, and the face was also set before and after the sliding surface of the earth and sand, and each booth was carefully excavated one by one by hand. maintain stability.
Below the opening of the booth, all the horizontal shelves and vertical booth partitions are removed to create a single-level booth with a large space with a height and width that can be excavated by excavators such as shovels and swiveling machines. A face-jabbing device that is indispensable for conventional use, measures the stability of the face of the lower Oma by excavating the earth and sand on the slope before and after the sliding surface inside the cutting edge of the Oma, which is inclined diagonally along the slope below the sliding surface. This eliminates the need for mountain retaining work.

``Example'' Hereinafter, one example of the method and apparatus of the present invention will be given and explained with reference to the drawings.

1 to 3 show this embodiment, with FIG. 1 being a side view, FIG. 2 being a front view, and FIG. 3 being a partial plan view.

The cutting edge is provided at the front of the finished cylinder 1 with a large width that is to be advanced into the ground, and the long and sturdy press-fit is made so that it can be advanced several tens of centimeters beyond the tip of the cutting edge over the entire width of the upper surface of the front of the cylinder. Two pieces of blade are arranged,
Furthermore, three pieces of friction cutters are rigidly connected to the rear ends of each of the two pieces of press-fitting blades and arranged on the entire upper surface of the cylinder body 1, and the rear ends of the three pieces of friction cutters are shown in the figure. However, it can be attached to and removed from the molded steel provided at the starting base using a pin structure, and the cutting edge is divided into the upper Koma cutting edge 5 ₁ and Oma cutting edge 5 ₂ , and the bracket 4 is attached to the bottom surface of the two press-fit cutting edges. protrude inward through each slit 6 provided on the top plate of the booth blade opening ₅₁ ,
A propulsion jack 7 is fixedly or movably mounted between the bracket 4 and the front part of the cylinder body 1, and is inserted backward from the lower front end of the cutting edge ₅₁ to a length suitable for manual excavation and the cutting edge. A horizontal shelf board 8 for manual excavation work is provided between both side boards of 5 ₁ to provide one stage of work space. In some cases, another horizontal shelf board may be provided in the middle to create a two-level work space. Next, in this work space, the booth cutter opening 5 ₁ and the horizontal shelf board 8
A plurality of booths 10 are created by providing a plurality of vertical partitions 9 between them.
The top plate of the booth opening ₅₁ , the vertical partition material 9, and the horizontal shelf board 8 form each booth opening ₅₁ , and then the horizontal shelf board 8 and both sides of the large opening ₅₂ are formed. Also, there is a large space 1 for mechanical excavation of the space between the bottom plates.
Set to 1. This example shows a case where a vertical partition member 12 is provided between the horizontal shelf board 8 and the bottom plate to divide the space into two large spaces.Of course, the height and width of each large space are determined by the excavator A.
The dimensions are such that excavation work can be carried out safely. In this way, the large blade opening ₅₂ is formed by the horizontal shelf plate 8, the bottom plate, and both side plates (or one side plate and the vertical partition plate). Also, the blade mouth 5 ₁ and 5 ₂
The angle α between the cutting edge and the horizontal line is set to be around the angle of the sliding surface of the face earth and sand (45° + φ/2). Next, in order to dig the cutting edge and the cylinder into the ground using the above-mentioned device, first operate the propulsion jack 7 to sequentially push each piece of the press-in pressure port 2 into the ground several times via the bracket 4. After making a 10 cm press-in penetration, the rear ends of the three friction cutters that moved forward together with the press-in blade opening 2 are fixed with pins to the steel mold provided at the starting base, and then the excavation of the face earth and sand at the booth blade opening 5 ₁ is carried out. This was done manually on the slopes in front and behind the sliding surface, and for the part of the Oma cutting edge ₅₂ , mechanical excavation was performed on the slope in front and behind the sliding surface using an excavator A, and after excavating about several tens of centimeters, the cutting edge was removed using a conventional method. 5 ₁ , the Oma cutting head 5 ₂ and the cylindrical body are moved forward one excavation length at the same time. By repeating the above method, the cutting edge and the cylinder can be advanced safely and efficiently to a predetermined position.

Of course, since the present invention relies on the above-described device and method, there is no face jacking device 13 for earth retention work, which is used in the conventional construction method as shown in the schematic diagrams of FIGS. 4 to 6. There is no need to divide the entire surface of the cutting edge into a large number of booths 14, provide a large number of booth cutting holes 15 to prevent the face earth from collapsing while digging, or to install a pipe roof 16 in the ground above the cylindrical body. The major feature is that it allows for the safest and most efficient excavation.

C. Effects of the Invention The present invention eliminates the pipe roof work and the retaining work using face jacks, which were conventionally required in this type of technology, and introduces a new concept of mechanical excavation, so it has the following great effects.

The conventional pipe roof construction method, which is an auxiliary construction method that previously accounted for 30 to 60% of the total construction cost, has been eliminated, and in its place, approximately 1/2 of the pipe roof construction cost has been reduced.
Since we use a friction cutter with a press-in blade tip, which costs around 2,000 yen, we can save 15 to 30% of the total construction cost by omitting the pipe roof work.

As shown in FIG. 6, the earth cover h of the underground cylinder due to the presence of a pipe roof is the sum of the pipe diameter h ₂ in the upper and lower gaps h ₁ and h ₃ of the pipe roof 16 (h = h ₁ + h ₂ +h ₃ ) is the earth cover according to the present invention,
The sum of the pipe diameter h ₂ and the gap under the pipe h ₃ can be smaller than this, and the earth cover at the top of the pipe can be almost equal to h ₁ , so there is less earth cover and the access road can be shortened. Saves land costs, construction period, and construction costs.

Other "problems to be solved by the invention" include shortening the construction period by omitting the pipe roof process, sinking of the pipe and the ground, warping between the pipe and the underground cylinder, lifting of the pipe and the upper ground The disadvantages of lifting the pipe roof, lateral movement of the pipe roof and its prevention are all eliminated.

The tip of the cutting edge is placed around the inclination angle of the sliding surface of the face earth and sand, and the face is excavated without any earth retaining work using face jacking equipment and screws, which greatly saves construction time and construction costs. can be safely maintained.

The upper 1 to 2 levels of the cutting edge use the conventional cutting edge partitioned into many booths, and the lower cutting edge uses the large cutting edge, which has a single-stage space with a wide, stepless, and high height. Since mechanical excavation is performed during this time, the daily excavation advance speed can be more than twice as fast as conventional methods. Therefore, in addition to the benefit of construction costs due to the shortened construction period, there is also a large saving in usage charges for the machinery and equipment used, resulting in a large savings in construction costs. In addition, the cutting edge used in the present invention has an Oma type lower section with less steel compared to the conventional cutting edge, and the cutting edges around the cutting edge are standardized and can be used repeatedly, reducing the cutting edge cost compared to the conventional cutting edge. In addition to saving about 1/2 the cost of manufacturing, installing, and removing the cutting edge, it also has the advantage of producing the effects mentioned above.

As described above, compared to the conventional technology, the present invention eliminates pipe roof work and face jacking-based retaining work on the face, greatly reducing the construction time and cost (approximately).
30 to 50%), as well as the shape of the cutting edge that uses less steel using the principle of sliding surfaces in the soil, the stable excavation method of the face, and the ability to excavate most parts mechanically, synergistically increasing efficiency and construction costs. It is a technologically and economically superior invention that greatly saves time, shortens the construction period to about 1/2, and replaces human labor with machines, which adds great technical safety advantages such as reducing accidents resulting in injury or death. be.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 3 are views of one embodiment of the method and apparatus of the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a side view, FIG. 2 is a front view, FIG. 3 is a partial plan view, and FIG. 4 is a partial plan view. , 5th
Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of each conventional construction method. Code, 1...Cylinder body, 2...Press-fitting blade mouth, 3...Friction cutter, 4...Bracket, 5 ₁ ...
... Booth blade opening, 5 ₂ ... Ohma blade opening, 6... Slit,
7...Propulsion jack, 8...Horizontal shelf board, 9...Vertical partition material, 10...Booth, 11...Oma, 12...
Vertical partition material, 13...Face jacking device, 14
...booth, 15...booth cutting edge, 16...pipe roof, α...inclination angle of cutting edge, A...excavator.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A long and thin friction cutter piece with a small width member, which has a strong and long press-fitted cutting edge fixed to the front part, is arranged at appropriate intervals over the entire width in parallel to the upper part of a large cylindrical body that is to be dug into the ground. A bracket is installed in the blade and protrudes below the press-fitting cutting edge, and the bracket is made to protrude into the inside of the cutting edge through a long and narrow slit opened on the upper surface of the cutting edge in front of the large cylinder. When all the friction cutters have completed advancing forward to the cutting edge of the cutting edge by repeating the press-penetration process into the ground in front of the tip of the cutting edge, the rear part of the friction cutter piece is inserted into the molded steel provided in the front part of the starting base. In addition to being removably locked to the
The structure of the one-way cutting edge is divided into a large number of booths with many vertical partition plates in the upper part, and the lower part is divided into a small number of large spaces with width and height that allow the excavator to work. The excavation device is constructed by dividing the cutting edge into spaces, and configuring the tip of the cutting edge at an angle of inclination before and after the angle of the sliding surface of the earth and sand. While holding the front and rear slopes, excavation is performed, and the lower Oma cutting edge section is repeatedly excavated with the excavator stabilizing the face on the sloped surface before and after the angle of the sliding surface. A method for excavating a large cylindrical body, which is characterized by excavating a shaft cutter, a small cutting edge, a large cutting edge, and a cylindrical body into the ground. 2 Attach a cutting edge to the front of the large cylindrical body that is to be advanced into the ground, and insert several sturdy, elongated press-fitted cutting edges forward from the tip of the cutting edge on the entire front upper surface of the cylinder and the upper surface of the cutting edge. They are arranged around 10cm apart and movable individually, and elongated friction cutter pieces are rigidly connected to the rear end of each press-fitting blade and are arranged in parallel and at appropriate intervals over the entire upper surface of the cylinder. A bracket protrudes downward from each press-fitting blade opening, and a long and narrow slit is provided on the upper surface of the cutting edge at the front of the large cylinder to allow each bracket to pass through. Attach the jack and use the main propulsion jack to move each friction cutter so that it does not move from when all the friction cutters move forward one stroke length through the bracket until the cutting edge advances one stroke length to the next. The rear part of the tar piece can be removably locked to the steel mold provided at the starting base, and the structure of the cutting edge is divided into an upper cutting edge and a lower cutting edge. A horizontal shelf is provided below the board at a height that does not hinder manual excavation, and a horizontal shelf is installed from the front of the cutting edge to the rear and between both sides of the cutting edge. A vertical partition is provided, this space is divided into a plurality of booths, and each booth is formed by the upper plate of the cutting edge, the vertical partition (or part of the side edge of the cutting edge), and the horizontal shelf material. is one or more large spaces having a large space in both height and width that does not impede mechanical excavation between the horizontal shelf material and the bottom plate of the lower cutting edge, and the surrounding plate between each large area forms a large cutting edge, and A large cylindrical excavation device characterized in that the angle of inclination between the tips of the side plates of the upper and lower blade openings and the horizontal line is approximately equal to the angle of the sliding surface of earth and sand.