JPH0354926B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to formulations with improved absorption. More specifically, the present invention involves dispersing solid drugs that are sparingly soluble in water into oils that are liquid at room temperature, and dispersing them into particles with a particle size of 3 to 1.
The present invention relates to a preparation with improved absorption, which is formed by incorporating into each preparation unit a seamless minicapsule of mm size and an enzyme group containing digestive enzymes. The above-mentioned oils mean fats and oils, essential oils, mineral oils, or mixtures thereof that are liquid at room temperature, and are all substances that are insoluble or sparingly soluble in water. Note that the above normal temperature means 20°C. Further, the above-mentioned dispersion means that the solid drug is dispersed in molecules and/or in the form of fine particles. Since the capsules used in the present invention are small, they are actually spherical or nearly spherical. The above particle size means the diameter or major axis of the capsule. The aforementioned digestive enzymes are enzymes that have the function of digesting food in the digestive tract, and include pepsin,
Typical examples include trypsin, amylase, and lipase. Digestive enzymes are generally classified into animal enzymes, vegetable enzymes, and microbial enzymes based on their production origin. A representative drug of the above-mentioned "enzyme group including digestive enzymes" is the animal enzyme pancreatin, which is a preferred enzyme group of the present invention. Note that pancreatin includes enzymes such as amylase, protease, and lipase. In addition to gelatin-based materials, the aforementioned seamless minicapsules may also be made from water-soluble polymeric substances. Furthermore, the above-mentioned phrase "incorporated into each pharmaceutical unit" means that the capsule and the enzyme group are coexisting in the pharmaceutical unit. However, it is preferable that the drug itself and the enzyme group not be brought into direct contact. Specifically, the drug may be dispersed in oils and the surface of the encapsulated product may be coated with an enzyme group, or the surface may be further coated. It is also possible to manufacture by dispersing the drug in oils, making it into seamless mini-capsules, and mixing the seamless mini-capsules and enzyme group powder into slightly larger capsules and filling them. An object of the present invention is to provide a novel formulation with enhanced absorption of solid drugs that are poorly soluble in water. As is clear from the examples described later, the effect of the present invention is that when taken orally, the area under the blood concentration curve (AUC)
It has a large amount of water, is well absorbed by the lymphatic vessels, and significantly increases the bioavailability of solid drugs that are poorly soluble in water. In addition, absorption into the lymphatic vessels is thought to occur through transfer from the gastrointestinal tract to the lymphatic vessels. When a drug moves into the lymphatic vessels, unlike when it moves into the blood, it is not sent to the liver via the portal vein, resulting in a first pass effect.
It is advantageous because it does not undergo decomposition in the liver. It has been known that when a drug is dissolved or colloidally dispersed in oil, absorption of the drug from the inner wall of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, or mucous membrane is promoted, and such preparations are commercially available. The present inventors have discovered that a preparation in which ubiquinone is dispersed in oils and encapsulated has a higher AUC after oral administration and superior bioavailability than conventional preparations of ubiquinone. It was confirmed that the effect was further enhanced when the particle size was reduced to 3 mm or less. As a result of further research, the inventors found that
A formulation in which a solid drug that is poorly soluble in water is dispersed in oils and filled into capsules with a particle size of 3 mm or less is compared to a formulation in which the drug is dispersed in oils and filled in capsules of a normal size. After oral administration
They discovered that the AUC was significantly large and arrived at the present invention. As stated in the claims, the gist of the present invention is that ``a solid drug that is poorly soluble in water is dispersed in oils that are liquid at room temperature, and this is filled into seamless minicapsules with a particle size of 3 to 1 mm. An absorption-improving preparation that incorporates a group of enzymes containing digestive enzymes into each preparation unit. Generally, drugs that are poorly soluble in water are lipophilic. Therefore, a powder of a solid drug that is poorly soluble in water can be mixed with liquid oils and stirred to obtain an oils dispersion of the drug. The present invention, which is based on a dispersion of a solid drug hardly soluble in water obtained in this way and filled into seamless minicapsules with a particle size of 3 to 1 mm, has excellent bioavailability. It was discovered for the first time by the present inventors. The reason why this formulation has high bioavailability can be explained as follows. Oils generally have a high surface tension, and in order to emulsify them in the digestive tract, it is necessary to mechanically subdivide them in advance. Orally administered oil is subdivided in the stomach and intestines by their stirring and peristaltic action. However, this stirring action is weaker than mechanical stirring. the result,
When edible oil is administered orally in large quantities, it is often excreted in feces without being digested. Therefore, if we orally administer a preparation filled with microcapsules in which solid drugs that are poorly soluble in water are dispersed, we have preliminarily subdivided the abras, and as in the case of a sick or elderly person, bile and lipase are released. It is thought that even if the secretion is low and the stirring function of the stomach and intestines is weak, the emulsification of oils is carried out smoothly, and accordingly, the drug is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood and lymph vessels. In fact, the inventor has determined that the particle size is 3 mm.
It has been found that the drug dispersed in the capsules shown below has a particularly remarkable effect of increasing AUC. The above reasoning can be easily understood from the fact that for the same amount of oil, by reducing the diameter of the particles, the surface area increases at an accelerated rate, making it easier to digest. As mentioned above, solid drugs that are poorly soluble in water are generally lipophilic, so they can be dispersed in oils to varying degrees. However, in order to fully exhibit the effects of the present invention, it is preferable to select abras having a high affinity for a solid drug that is poorly soluble in water and to create a dispersion system of the drug. The following Table 1 shows several examples of solid drugs that are poorly soluble in water, with the corresponding names of oils that have a particularly strong affinity with the drug and easily dissolve the drug.

[Table] The following are examples of drugs that are difficult to dissolve in water and soluble in fats and oils, some of which are double the drugs in Table 1. Ergocalciferol (VD ₂ ), cholecalciferol (VD ₃ ), progesterone, testosterone enanthate, testosterone propionate,
Methyltestosterone, ethyl estradiol, d-camphor (dl-camphor), tocopherol, halothane, phytonadione (VK ₁ ), riboflavin butyrate, broquazone, nifdipine, indomethacin, dipyridamole, tocopherol nicotinate, oxyphenbutazone, ferfuenazine Enanthate, amino acid ethyl benzoate, lidocaine, niceritrol, nitroglycerin, phenylbrovanol, benzonatate, vitamin A, cyclocoumarol, menatetrenone (VK ₂ ), Mendelian, riboflavin tetrabutyrate (VB ₁ ), riboflavin tetranicotide nate (VB ₁ ) Next, an outline of the production method of the present invention will be explained. A powder of a solid drug that is poorly soluble in water is added to, for example, edible oil and dispersed by stirring. The dispersion thus prepared is then encapsulated to produce the formulation of the present invention. The seamless minicapsules of the present invention have a particle size of 3 to 1
mm, it is difficult to manufacture with regular sheath capsules or soft capsules, and the actual filling method is as follows. For example, the Dutch-made Globex Mark capsule coating machine shown in Figure 1 (GLOBEX, sold by Tenroku Hankyu Building Co., Ltd. Miniature Trading Co., Ltd., 7-1-10 Tenjinbashi, Oyodo-ku, Osaka)
(manufactured by INTERNATIONAL LIMITED) and use gelatin aqueous solution as the coating liquid. This filling operation will be explained with reference to FIG.
and shut-off valve 6.
Then, the spherical gelatin capsule containing the dispersion liquid is dropped into cooling oil 5, and the gelatin forming the shell of the capsule is cooled and solidified. The capsules are conveyed together with the circulating oil onto a sieve 8, where the oil is separated and collected in a capsule receiver 9. Polymeric substances other than gelatin can also be used as the material for the seamless minicapsules of the present invention. For example, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, pullulan, gum arabic, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and casein, cellulose acetate phthalate, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose phthalate, Eudragit E (manufactured by Rohm Pharma, West Germany), MPP (Tanabe) Pharmaceutical coating materials such as Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and AEA (Sankyo Co., Ltd.) can be used. The drug of the present invention can be produced by coating the seamless minicapsules produced as described above with an enzyme group containing digestive enzymes, but it is also possible to further enhance the efficacy by coating the outer surface with an enteric coating. The enteric material used for the enteric coating includes general enteric materials, that is, acid group polymeric materials. In particular, acid-containing cellulose derivatives are suitable. For example, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and the general formula (In the formula, Gul represents an anhydroglucose unit skeleton of cellulose consisting of C ₆ H ₇ O ₂ , n is an integer of 1 to 5,
R and R' may be the same or different and are an ether group,
These are carboxyalkyl cellulose derivatives represented by (representing an ester group or an -OH group), etc. The above-mentioned ether group means a group that forms an ether bond with a glucose unit skeleton, such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, or a hydropropoxy group. Furthermore, the term ester group refers to a group forming an ester bond with a glucose unit skeleton, such as a formyloxy group, an acetoxy group, a propionyloxy group, and the like.
Therefore, the carboxyalkylcellulose derivative represented by the above general formula includes carboxyethylcellulose acetate, carboxyethylhydroxypropylcellulose acetate, carboxymethylethylcellulose, carboxybutylethylcellulose, carboxypropylmethylcellulose, and the like. Other enteric substances include Eudragit L or S, methyl acrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer (MPM-05), and other polyacidic polymeric substances with free carboxyl groups polymerized with vinyl chains. used. The dosage form of the present invention includes a seamless minicapsule filled with a system in which the above-mentioned poorly water-soluble drug is dispersed in oils, and the surface of which is coated with an enzyme group including digestive enzymes. Some capsules are filled with enzymes into other capsules without being coated. The oils used in the present invention have already been described, but more specific examples are as follows. Vegetable oils include sesame oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, camellia oil, olive oil, coconut oil, palm oil; vegetable essential oils include quinala oil, cinnamon bark oil, cinnamon oil, spearmint oil, peppermint oil, perilla oil, and eucalyptus oil. Examples of animal oils and fats include fish oil, examples of mineral oils include liquid paraffin, and squalene and squalane are also used. Next, examples and test results for the examples will be specifically explained. Reference Example 1 10 g of CoQ ₁₀ (ubidecarenone) powder was dissolved in a mixed solution of 150 g of refined soybean oil and 100 g of l-carvone. Separately, 100 g of gelatin and 35 g of gum arabic powder were gradually dissolved in purified water while heating to prepare a gelatin solution. The above two types of liquids were charged into the Globex Mark capsule coating machine shown in Fig. 1, and spherical seamless minicapsules with a particle size of 1 mm were obtained using the same machine. The content of CoQ ₁₀ in this capsule was 5% by weight. The above-mentioned l-carvone is present in spearmint oil extracted from a plant of the family Apiaceae, and an isomer of d-carvone is present in kyalaue oil extracted from a plant of the umbellifer family. It is a pale yellow or colorless liquid with the chemical formula C ₁₀ H ₁₄ O and an odor similar to spearmint oil. Specific gravity is 0.960 (25℃/25℃), boiling point is
230℃, flash point 92℃, soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform. l-Carvone, which is insoluble in water and is a type of the above-mentioned abras, has a high solubility with respect to ubiquinone. Reference example 2 50g of riboflavin butyrate and 300g of refined olive oil
dissolved in. Separately, prepare the same aqueous gelatin solution as that used in Example 1, and while keeping this solution at 40°C, charge it together with the above olive oil solution into the Globex Mark capsule coating machine shown in Figure 1, and the machine will coat the capsule with a particle size of 1 mm. spherical seamless minicapsules were obtained. The content of riboflavin butyrate in this capsule was 12.5% by weight. Reference example 3 Add 10g of ethyl aminobenzoate to refined olive oil
Dissolved in 120g. This solution was heated to 35°C, and the same aqueous gelatin solution as used in Example 1 was separately prepared and charged together with the above solution into the Globex Mark capsule coating machine shown in Figure 1, with a particle size of 1 mm.
spherical seamless minicapsules were obtained. The content of ethyl aminobenzoate in this capsule was 5.0% by weight. Reference Example 4 200 g of chloramphenicol palmitate was heated and dissolved in a mixture of 50 g of purified Miglyol 812 (manufactured by Dynamit Nobel, West Germany) and 40 g of purified sesame oil. This warm solution and the same aqueous gelatin solution used in Example 1 were kept at about 40° C. and applied to the Globex Mark capsule coating machine shown in FIG. 1 to produce spherical seamless minicapsules with a particle size of 1.5 mm. This formulation contained 70% by weight of chloramphenicol palmitate. Example 1 The spherical seamless minicapsules containing chloramphenicol palmitate produced in Reference Example 4 were sized to a particle size of approximately 1.5 mm using a separate centrifugal fluid coating granulator (manufactured by Freund Sangyo Co., Ltd.). Mix the granulated pancreatin spherical granules,
This mixture is taken into hard capsules (gelatin sheath capsules)
300 mg each. Each capsule contains chloramphenicol palmitate.
It contained 125 mg. In order to judge the efficacy of Reference Example 4 and Example 1, commercially available chloramphenicol palmitate preparations (chloramphenicol palmitate powder) were filled into ordinary capsules for these two preparations and the control. The following clinical test was conducted using A, B, and C. In other words, 250 mg/day for 10 healthy male adults.
A dose was administered, and the blood concentration after administration was measured over time. The results are shown in Figure 2. From this graph,
It is well understood that the formulation of the present invention has a larger AUC and higher bioavailability than commercially available products. It can also be seen that the formulation of the present invention has better bioavailability than that of Reference Example 4. Example 2 Pancreatin was prepared using a centrifugal fluid coating granulator (manufactured by Freund Sangyo Co., Ltd.) using the spherical seamless minicapsules with a particle size of 1 mm containing CoQ ₁₀ produced in Reference Example 1 as cores (core material). After coating the surface at 30% by weight based on the amount, the enteric coating solution formulation is 8 parts of carboxymethylethyl cellulose (CMEC), 0.8 parts of triacetin, 45.2 parts of methylene chloride, and ethanol.
46 parts (parts mean parts by weight. The same applies in the following description), and the CMEC was about 20% by weight based on the charged amount. The obtained preparation complied with the enteric-coated preparation in the pharmacopoeial disintegration test and showed little change over time. The content of CoQ ₁₀ in this formulation was 2.5% by weight. Example 3 Pancreatin spheres were granulated into the spherical seamless minicapsules containing CoQ ₁₀ produced in Reference Example 1 to a particle size of approximately 1 mm using a centrifugal fluid coating granulator 8 (manufactured by Freund Sangyo Co., Ltd.). The granules were mixed and filled into hard capsules at 200 mg. One capsule of this preparation contained approximately 5 mg of CoQ ₁₀ . Comparative Example 1 10 g of CoQ ₁₀ (ubidecarenone) powder was dissolved in a mixed solution of 150 g of refined soybean oil and 100 g of l-carvone. Separately 45 parts gelatin, 5 parts glycerin, purified water
50 parts were dissolved while heating (Formulation 1). Furthermore, 8 parts of methyl acrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer (MPM-05) was dissolved in 92 parts of a 3% by weight aqueous sodium carbonate solution to prepare a product (Formulation 2). A gelatin sheet with a thickness of about 0.6 mm was prepared using a mixture of the liquids of Formulation 1 and Formulation 2 at a ratio of 95:5 (volume ratio) as a base for capsules according to the plate method. Prepared previously in the recess of this sheet
250 mg of CoQ ₁₀ solution was poured into the solution, another gelatin sheet was placed on top of the gelatin sheet, and soft capsules with a diameter of about 8 mm were produced using a compressor (so-called flat plate method).
Each capsule contained approximately 10 mg of CoQ ₁₀ . Reference Example 5 10 g of CoQ ₁₀ powder was dissolved in a mixed solution of 100 g of l-carvone and 150 g of refined soybean oil. This solution and the same gelatin aqueous solution used in Example 1 were mixed for about 40 min.
While keeping the temperature at
The mixture was applied to a mark capsule coating machine to produce spherical seamless minicapsules with a particle size of 2.8 mm. This formulation contained 5% by weight of CoQ ₁₀ . In order to determine the efficacy of the drugs of Reference Example 1, Examples 2 to 3, Reference Example 5, and Comparative Example 1, these drugs were used to give beagle dogs CoQ ₁₀ of 100.
The drug was administered orally for 5 consecutive days at a dose of mg/Kg/day, and the blood concentration was measured over time after the final administration. Control 1 for control
CoQ ₁₀ bulk powder was used. As a control 2, 3 g of CoQ ₁₀ and 3 g of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) were dissolved in 30 ml of ethanol, and this was adsorbed on 64 g of lactose, and then 20 The granules were granulated using a mesh screen and dried at 50°C for 3 hours. The results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 3 below.

[Table] As is clear from the blood concentration curve in FIG. 3, it is recognized that the AUC (area under the blood concentration curve) of the example group of the present invention is larger than that of the control. In addition, the AUC in Table 3 shown later shows Reference Example 1 with different particle sizes (particle size 1
mm) and Comparative Example 1 (particle size of approximately 8 mm), a difference of approximately 1.5 times was observed. Furthermore, a difference of approximately 1.4 times was observed between Reference Example 5 (particle size 2.8 mm) and Comparative Example 1. No significant difference in AUC was observed between Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 5. Reference example 1, comparative example 1, and reference example 5 are all
Figure 2 is a CoQ ₁₀ absorption test for different particle size formulations using the same formulation of CoQ ₁₀ powder, soybean oil, and l-carvone. Therefore, the significant difference between them is considered to be due to the difference in particle size of the capsule and surface area within the same volume, which is responsible for the quality of absorption. The conventional methods of manufacturing soft capsules, such as the flat plate method and the rotary method, have
Usually, most of the particles have a particle size of about 7 to 8 mm, and therefore most of the products are of this size. As described in the Examples, capsules with a particle size of 3 mm or less can be easily produced by using the seamless minicapsule method, which is a dropping method. Next, as is clear from the blood concentration curves of Examples 2 and 3, there is a significant difference with respect to Reference Example 1. Further, from the AUC shown in Table 3 below, a difference of about 1.4 times between Reference Example 1 and Example 2 is recognized. This difference indicates the remarkable effect of the present invention brought about by the presence or absence of the addition of the enzyme group.
This is a drug that is poorly soluble in water in the intestinal tract.
This is thought to be the result of promoting absorption of CoQ ₁₀ .

【table】 [Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of manufacturing seamless minicapsules using the Globex Mark capsule coating machine. 1... Filling (liquid), 2... Gelatin solution,
2'... automatic control valve, 3... gelatin solution, 4...
...Pulsating pump, 5...Cooling oil, 6...Shutoff valve, 7...Cooling device, filter and pump, 8...
Sieve, 9...Capsule receiver. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the course of blood concentration of chloramphenicol palmitate after administration of Reference Example 4, Example 1, etc. to males. Figure 3 shows reference example 1,
2 is a graph showing the course of blood concentration of CoQ ₁₀ after administration of Example 2, Example 3, Reference Example 5, Comparative Example 1, and Controls 1 and 2 to beagle dogs.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A solid drug that is poorly soluble in water is dispersed in a liquid oil at room temperature and filled into seamless minicapsules with a particle size of 3 to 1 mm, and an enzyme group containing digestive enzymes is incorporated into each dosage unit. An absorption-improving preparation.